恒电流库仑分析法测定硫酸亚铁铵等基准试剂的纯度

在1．8mol／L硫酸介质中,以恒电流通过含有Mn^2＋的电解质溶液,使工作电极铂阳极上电生出Mn^3＋,Mn^3＋与溶液中待测基准试剂硫酸亚铁铵、草酸钠或草酸定量反应,以永停终点法确定库仑滴定终点,通过测量电解电流及电解时间,利用法拉弟电解定律计算基准试剂的纯度。该方法的相对误差为0．32％～0．36％,测量结果的相对标准偏差为0．045％-0．050％（n=11）。     

恒电流库仑分析法测定青霉素G钠盐含量

将青霉素G钠盐在pH4．6条件下水解成青霉氨基酸;以银电极为阳极,电解产生滴定剂Ag^＋,以Ag^＋滴定青霉氨基酸,采用电位法确定库仑滴定终点,由电解定律计算青霉素G钠盐含量。此法取代了汞量法,消除了汞污染,相对误差为0．184%,RSD（n=11）为0．030％。     

两次双波长分光光度法同时测定痕量钴和镍

以PAR为显色剂,乳化剂OP为增敏剂,采用系数补偿和双峰双波长的两次双波长分光光度法同时测定痕量钴(Ⅱ)和镍(Ⅱ),钴(Ⅱ)、镍(Ⅱ)的线性范围分别为0～25、0～20μg/(25mL),回收率分别为97．0％～102．0％、92．4％～105．0％。该法用于矿样的测定,测定结果的相对标准偏差为0．76％～2．9％。     

微波消解-氢化物发生原子荧光法测定塑料原料及其制品中的砷、汞

采用微波消解进行样品前处理，以硫脲为预还原剂，用氢化物发生原子荧光法测定塑料原料及其制品中的砷、汞。测定砷和汞的线性范围均为0～8μg／L，砷、汞的检出限分别为0．005、0．076μg／L，测定结果的相对标准偏差分别为4.96％～7．38％、2．94％～7．20％(n=6)，回收率分别为92．0％～103．2％、92．0％～98.0％。     

用GC-FID和GC-TOF-MS方法分析α-硫辛酸中有机溶剂残留量

采用GC-TOF-MS鉴定残留有机溶剂,以HP-5毛细管柱为分离柱,FID为检测器,正辛醇为溶剂,外标法进行定量。乙醚、异丙醚的线性范围分别为34．4～344．0μg／mL（r=0．9999）,23．0～230．0μg／mL（r=0．9999）;方法精密度和稳定性试验RSD（n=6）均〈1％;平均回收率范围98．1％～100．7％,RSD0．75～2．7％;检出限分别为0．1,0．08μg／mL。     

ICP—AES法测定饲料中钙、磷含量

采用干灰化法处理饲料样品,以全谱直读ICP—AES法对饲料中钙、磷元素进行了测定。结果表明,该法测定钙的相对标准偏差为0．18％～0．76％,测定磷的相对标准偏差为0．37％～1．02％;钙元素的加标回收率为99．6％-100．3％,磷元素的加标回收率为97．8％-100．5％;该法与国家标准比对,结果准确可靠。     

不分流/分流进样毛细管气相色谱法测定酱油中的山梨酸和苯甲酸

采用不分流／分流进样模式,以FFAP毛细管作色谱分离柱、丙酮作溶解样品提取物的溶剂,用气相色谱法测定酱油中的山梨酸和苯甲酸。线性范围均为25～300μg/mL,相关系数都大于0．9990,山梨酸和苯甲酸的检出限分别为0、813、0．606μg/mL,测定结果的相对标准偏差(n=3)分别为1．43％～3．77％、2．11％～4．62％,回收率分别为84．4％～96．2％、86．2％～92．5％。     

双波长分光光度法测定阿丙沙星可溶性粉中阿莫西林、盐酸环丙沙星的含量

应用双波长分光光度法测定阿丙沙星可溶性粉中阿莫西林、盐酸环丙沙星的含量。以pH=5．0的磷酸盐缓冲液为溶剂,在波长229、248、315、400nm处进行测定,阿莫西林的浓度在5．130～25．650μg／mL、盐酸环丙沙星的浓度在4．888～24．440μg／mL范围内分别与其吸光度差值呈良好的线性关系。阿莫西林的回收率为99．30％～100．19％,测定结果的相对标准偏差为0．60％～1．00％(n=5),盐酸环丙沙星的回收率为99．30％～99．86％,测定结果的相对标准偏差为0．84％～1．02％(n=5)。     

高效液相色谱法测定吡啶、2-氨基吡啶、2-甲基吡啶和2-吡啶甲酸

建立了以磷酸氢二钾-磷酸盐缓冲溶液中添加甲醇为流动相，以反相高效液相色谱同时测定吡啶、2-氨基吡啶、2-甲基吡啶和2-吡啶甲酸的新方法。在流动相为甲醇-0．1mol／L磷酸氢二钾和磷酸缓冲溶液、pH为6．0的最佳条件下，吡啶、2-氨基吡啶、2-甲基吡啶和2-吡啶甲酸的加标回收率分别为98．2％～102．1％、99．1％～101．3％、97．8％～100．7％和99．1％～102．4％；线性范围分别为20～980、18～913、19～943和18～902mg／L；检出限分别为2．0、1．8、1．9和1．8mg／L。本法可同时测定电氧化2一甲基吡啶过程中电解液。     

火焰原子吸收法测定苹果汁中的钠

用浓硝酸及高氯酸消化苹果汁样品，以氯化钾作为电离缓冲剂，建立了测定苹果汁中钠的火焰原子吸收法。方法的线性范围为0～0．6μg／mL，线性回归方程为A=1．0182c 0．0462，相关系数r=0．9971，检出限为0.9μg／L。测定浓缩苹果汁、苹果原汁中钠的相对标准偏差分别为0．6％、1．3％，加标回收率分别为99.0％～lOl.3％、98．0％～103．2％。     

二氧化碳和丙烯直接合成甲基丙烯酸的NiPMo/TiO2催化剂的研究

用溶胶-凝胶法以磷钼酸(MPA)的镍盐溶液水解钛酸四丁酯制备了NiPMo/TiO2催化剂.使用ICP、 XRD、 TG-DTA、 IR、 TPD-MS和微反应技术研究了催化剂的化学组成、热稳定性、化学吸附性质和催化反应性能.杂多钼酸盐与TiO2通过O2-在TiO2表面发生了键合.在623 K下,杂多阴离子仍保持原有的Keggin结构.CO2在Lewis酸位Ni(Ⅱ)和Lewis碱位Ni-O-Mo的桥氧协同作用下生成CO2卧式吸附态Ni(Ⅱ)←O-(CO)←(O--Ni).丙烯有多种吸附态在催化剂上吸附.在563 K、 1 MPa和空速1500 h-1的反应条件下,丙烯的摩尔转化率为3.2%,产物MAA选择性为95%.     

CoFe2O4自形成磁性液体场致结构化对磁化的影响

The Langevin paramagnetic theory can’t describe the relation between magnetization of ferrofluids and applied magnetic field. The structuralization of ferrofluids, which is considered the main influence factor of the magnetization, is regarded. The part of magnetization works is deposited when the structure is forming. This action influences the magnetization of ferrofluids directly or indirectly. On the base of the “compressing” model, the Langevin function that usually describes the magnetization of ferrofluid is modified, and a well-fitted curve is obtained. An equation of the relation between the equivalent volume fraction after being “compressed” and the intensity of magnetic field is discovered, which approximately describes the process of magnetization. The relation between the approximate initial susceptibility and the volume fraction can be obtained from modified formula.     

Highly regioselective Buchwald–Hartwig amination at C-2 of 2,4-dichloropyridine enabling a novel approach to 2,4-bisanilinopyridine (BAPyd) libraries

The highly regioselective Buchwald–Hartwig amination at C-2 of the cheap and readily accessible reagent, 2,4-dichloropyridine with a range of anilines and heterocyclic amines is described. This new methodology is robust and provides a facile access to 4-chloro-N-phenylpyridin-2-amines on 0.25 mol scale. These intermediates undergo a further Buchwald–Hartwig amination at higher temperature to enable rapid exploration of the chemical space at C-4 and to provide a library of 2,4-bisaminopyridines.     

Sulfur-directed metal-free and regiospecific methyl C(sp3)–H imidation of thioanisoles

Regiospecific and direct imidation of the methyl C(sp³)–H bond of thioanisoles is realized under mild and metal-free conditions with N-fluorobis(benzenesulfonyl)imide as an oxidant and nitrogen source. Proposed mechanism suggests that thionium ion intermediates and a Pummerer-type reaction are involved. The imidation has advantages such as high step-economy, excellent functionality tolerance, and regiospecificity, giving structurally diverse imidation products.     

Selective syntheses of 2H-1,3-oxazines and 1H-pyrrol-3(2H)-ones via temperature-dependent Rh(II)-carbenoid-mediated 2H-azirine-ring expansion

The Rh(II)-catalyzed reaction of 2-carbonyl-substituted 2H-azirines with ethyl 2-cyano-2-diazoacetate or 2-diazo-3,3,3-trifluoropropionate provides an easy access to 2H-1,3-oxazines and 1H-pyrrol-3(2H)-ones. These compounds can be selectively prepared from the same starting material using temperature as the only varied parameter. The 2-azabuta-1,3-diene intermediate, a common precursor for both heterocyclic products, isomerizes into 2H-1,3-oxazine under kinetic control, while 1H-pyrrol-3(2H)-one is the sole product of the reaction at elevated temperatures. According to DFT-calculations a one-atom oxazine ring contraction involving ring-opening to a 2-azabuta-1,3-diene intermediate, followed by a 1,5- and 1,2-prototropic shift leads to the consecutive formation of imidoylketene and azomethine ylide, which then further undergo cyclization to the pyrrole derivative.     

Copper catalyzed/mediated synthetic methodology for ebselen and related isoselenazolones

Scope of the copper catalyzed/mediated selenium-nitrogen coupling reaction has been studied for the synthesis of isoselenazolones. It is noticed that the 2-chloro, 2-bromo-, and 2-iodo-aryl amides substrates can be exploited in the selenium-nitrogen coupling reaction by employing 25-100 mol % of CuI/1,10-phenanthroline (L) and potassium carbonate as a base in DMF. Furthermore, electron rich 2-chloro-arylamides also underwent selenium-nitrogen coupling reaction to give biologically important selenium-nitrogen heterocycles. Also, copper-catalyzed selenium-nitrogen coupling reaction has been meticulously applied for the synthesis of diaryl diselenides having methoxy, amine, and amide functionality from respective aryl iodides in the presence of stoichiometric amount of succinimide as an external Se-N coupling partner.     

Knoevenagel condensation catalyzed by novel Nmm-based ionic liquids in water

A series of novel N-methyl morpholine (Nmm) based ionic liquids with 1,2-propanediol group were synthesized and used as catalysts for Knoevenagel condensation at room temperature in water. Under the effect of the catalyst, various aldehydes or aliphatic ketones could react with a wide range of activated methylene compounds well, including malononitrile, alkyl cyanoacetate, cyanoacetamide, β-diketone, barbituric acid, 2-arylacetonitrile and thiazolidinedione. Furthermore, most of the products could be separated just by filtrating and washing with water. Additionally, the catalyst is recyclable and applicable for the large-scale synthesis.     

Construction of polyheterocyclic spirotetrahydrothiophene derivatives via sulfa-Michael/aldol cascade reaction

A series of polyheterocyclic spirotetrahydrothiophene derivatives were obtained in moderate to excellent yields via a catalyst-free sulfa-Michael/aldol cascade reaction of chalcones 1 and commercially available 1,4-dithiane-2,5-diol 2 under mild conditions. We also present the first asymmetric sulfa-Michael/aldol cascade reaction of chalcones 1 and commercially available 1,4-dithiane-2,5-diol 2 with moderate to good enantioselectivities catalyzed by readily available chiral phase-transfer catalysts (PTCs).     

Suzuki-Miyaura reactions of the soluble guanylate cyclase inhibitor NS2028: a non-product specific route to C-8 substituted analogues

Both soluble guanylate cyclase (sGC) inhibitors ODQ 1 and NS2028 2 are synthesized via improved protocols. In the former case treating 3,4-dihydroquinoxalin-2(1H)-one oxime 8, which can be prepared in two steps from 1,2-benzenediamine, with 1,1′-carbonyldiimidazole (CDI) gives the dihydro-ODQ 10 that in the presence of KMnO₄ oxidises to give ODQ 1 in an overall yield of 46% starting from 1,2-benzenediamine. In the latter case, the synthesis affords NS2028 2 from 2-amino-4-bromophenol 3 in three steps with an overall yield of 85% and avoids the need for chromatography. Furthermore, Suzuki-Miyaura reaction conditions are described that enable the preparation of 8-aryl and 8-heteroaryl derivatives of NS2028 directly from NS2028 2. Finally, demethylation of the 8-(methoxyphenyl) substituted analogues afforded the 8-(hydroxyphenyl) derivatives 40-42. All new products are fully characterised.