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1.
The orientation and concentration distributions of fibres in laminar and
turbulent channel flows are investigated numerically. The obtained results
are in good agreement with the experimental data. In the laminar flow
regime, more fibres orient to the flow direction as the Reynolds number
increases. The shear rate of fluid around a fibre plays an important role in
determining the orientation distribution of fibres, while the fibre density
and the fibre aspect-ratio have marginal influence on the orientation
distribution. In the turbulent regime, the orientation distribution of
fibres becomes more homogeneous with the increase of Reynolds number, and
the concentration profile is flatter than that in the laminar regime. The
fluctuating intensity of fibre velocity in the downstream direction is
larger than that in the lateral directions. 相似文献
2.
We discuss the spatiotemporal intermittency (STI) seen in the coupled sine circle map lattice. The phase diagram of this system, when updated with random initial conditions, shows very rich behaviour including synchronised solutions, and STI of various kinds. These behaviours are organised around the bifurcation boundary of the synchronised solutions, as well as an infection line which separates the lower part of the phase diagram into a spreading and a non-spreading regime. The STI seen at the bifurcation boundary in the spreading regime belongs convincingly to the directed percolation (DP) universality class. In the non-spreading regime, spatial intermittency (SI) with temporally regular bursts is seen at the bifurcation boundary. The laminar length distribution scales as a power-law with an exponent which is quite distinct from DP behaviour. Therefore, both DP and non-DP universality classes are seen in this system. When the coupled map lattice is mapped to a cellular automaton via coarse graining, a transition from a probabilistic cellular automaton to a deterministic cellular automaton at the infection line signals the transition from spreading to non-spreading behaviour. 相似文献
3.
Signature effects observed in rotational bands are a consequence of an inherent D2-symmetry. This symmetry is naturally broken by the mean field cranking approximation when a tilted (non-principal) axis orientation of the nuclear spin becomes stable. The possible tunneling forth and back between the two symmetry-related minima in the double-humped potential-energy surface appears as a typical bifurcation of the rotational band. We describe this many-body process in which all nucleons participate by diagonalizing the nuclear Hamiltonian within a selected set of tilted and non-tilted cranking quasiparticle states. This microscopic approach is able to restore the broken D2 symmetry and reproduce the quantum fluctuations between symmetry-related HFB states which emerge as splitting of the band energies and in parallel staggering in intraband M1 transitions. 相似文献
4.
The influence of Reynolds number and blockage ratio on the vortex dynamics of a trapezoidal bluff body placed inside a circular pipe is studied experimentally and numerically. Low aspect ratio, high blockage ratio, curved end conditions (junction of pipe and bluff body), axisymmetric upstream flow with shear and turbulence are some of the intrinsic features of this class of bluff body flows which have been scarcely addressed in the literature. A large range (200:200,000) of Reynolds number (ReD) is covered in this study, encompassing all the three pipe flow regimes (laminar, transition and turbulent). Four different flow regimes are defined based on the distinct features of Strouhal number (St)–ReD relation: steady, laminar irregular, transition and turbulent. The wake in the steady regime is stationary with no oscillations in the shear layer. The laminar regime is termed as irregular owing to irregular vortex shedding. The vortex shedding in this regime is observed to be symmetric. The emergence of separation bubble downstream of the bluff body on either side is another interesting feature of this regime, which is further observed to be symmetric. Two pairs of mean streamwise vortices are noticed in the near-wake regime, which are termed as reverse dipole-type wake topology. Beyond the irregular laminar regime, the Strouhal number falls gradually and vortex shedding becomes more periodic. This regime is named transition and occurs close to the Reynolds number at which transition to turbulence takes place in a fully developed pipe. The turbulent regime is characterised by a nearly constant Strouhal number. Typical Karman-type vortex shedding is noticed in this regime. The convection velocity, wake width formation length and irrecoverable pressure loss are quantified to highlight the influence of blockage ratio. These results will be useful to develop basic understanding of vortex dynamics of confined bluff body flow for several practical applications. 相似文献
5.
The luminescence bands around 420 nm and 370 nm in CsI:Na and CsI:K have been studied by measuring the temperature dependence of decay times and luminescence and its excitation spectra. The bands are due to singlet+triplet localized excitons and to triplet localized excitons, respectively, at low temperature. Zero field splitting and life time amount to 0.2 meV and 3.3 μs for the 420 nm band, and to 2.1 meV and 1.7 μs for the 370 nm band. Creation processes of 420 nm excitons may not be the same below 40 K and near room temperature. 相似文献
6.
Tight-binding calculations are reported for the valence bands of lead, with and without spin-orbit splitting in the 6p bands. The addition of spin-orbit interaction is necessary to reproduce the two-peaked structure in the 6p density of states observed in X-ray photoemission, in contrast to the assertion by Breeze that crystal-field effects alone are enough. The observed splitting is, however, only fortuitously nearly equal to the atomic spin-orbit splitting. The tight-binding band structure, with spin-orbit splitting, gives better overall agreement with optical, Fermi surface, and photoemission data than did any of the three earlier band structures. 相似文献
7.
P. G. Varmette D. T. Shidot W. C. Ma A. V. Ramayya R. V. F. Janssens C. N. Davids J. H. Hamilton I. Ahmad H. Amro B. R. S. Babu B. Back K. S. Bindra D. J. Blumenthal L. T. Brown M. P. Carpenter W. L. Croft B. Crowell S. M. Fischer U. Garg R. G. Henry T. Ishii T. L. Khoo J. Kormicki T. Lauritsen C. J. Lister D. Nisius H. Penttila R. B. Piercey J. A. Winger S. J. Zhu andP. B. Semmes 《Physics letters. [Part B]》1997,410(2-4):103-109
In-beam γ-ray transitions in 181Hg, the lightest odd-A Hg isotope known thus far, have been identified from fragment mass-γ and γ-γ coincidence measurements. Five prolate deformed rotational bands were placed in the level scheme. A decoupled band built on the strongly prolate deformed 1/2−[521] ground state was observed up to 29/2−. A 5/2−[512] configuration is suggested for a pair of strongly coupled bands displaying no signature splitting. The other two bands are also signature partner bands. They are populated with the largest intensity and exhibit splitting. They have been associated with the mixed neutron i13/2 orbitals and are proposed to decay to an i13/2 isomeric state associated with an oblate state. 相似文献
8.
E. M. Aver’yanov 《Optics and Spectroscopy》2001,91(5):711-723
A study is conducted of the static shift and the splitting of the photoluminescence and electroluminescence polarized bands of uniaxial impurity molecules, embedded into uniaxial polymer films with axial or in-plane orientation of the impurity subsystem or into the vitreous phase of a nematic liquid crystal. Dependences of the band shift and the splitting on the type of alignment of impurity molecules, the polarization of transition moments in absorption and emission, and the host-impurity anisotropic interactions of different ranks are established. For both types of host matrices, characteristic features of orientational statistics of impurity molecules at a high degree of orientation ordering are studied. These features are revealed in a qualitative difference between the dependences of positions and splittings of polarized impurity fluorescence bands on the order parameter of the impurity molecules axially ordered in stretched polymer films and relevant dependences in nematic glasses. Specific features of the polarized impurity-related photoluminescence and electroluminescence in the matrices under study, observed experimentally, are interpreted. 相似文献
9.
10.
The formation of deformation bands with the typically alternating sign of the misorientation across their boundaries is interpreted as spontaneous deformation instability caused by anisotropy of hardening. To analyse the nature of the fragmentation, a model of a rigid-plastic crystal domain deformed by symmetric double slip in a plane-strain compression is considered. The basic reason for the deformation band existence is that a local decrease in number of active slip systems in the bands is energetically less costly than a homogeneous deformation by multislip. However, such model of the bands predicts their extreme orientation and their width tends to zero. This trend is modified by hardening caused by a build up of the band boundaries and by a dislocation bowing (Orowan) stress. The model provides an explanation of observed orientation of the bands, their width and the significant change in the structural morphology seen as the band reorientation occurs at large strains. The predictions are in a favourable agreement with the available observations. 相似文献
11.
Transverse magnetic (TM) and transverse electric (TE) defective bands will split with different incident angles (wave-vectors) in the one-dimensional coupled cavity waveguide. Different defective band properties are shown, including the shift of pass-band frequency and the variation of defective band width resulting from different localization properties of the electric field in the defective layer. The critical splitting angle, at which splitting of the TE and TM defective bands emerges, will decrease with increasing dielectric index of the defective layer. 相似文献
12.
J. Gomis J. Martínez-Pastor B. Alén D. Granados J. M. García P. Roussignol 《The European Physical Journal B - Condensed Matter and Complex Systems》2006,54(4):471-477
We present a study of the primary optical transitions
and recombination dynamics in InGaAs self-assembled quantum
nanostructures with different shape. Starting from the same
quantum dot seeding layer, and depending on the overgrowth
conditions, these new nanostructures can be tailored in shape and
are characterized by heights lower than 2 nm and base lengths
around 100 nm. The geometrical shape strongly influences the
electronic and optical properties of these nanostructuctures. We
measure for them ground state optical transitions in the range
1.25–1.35 eV and varying energy splitting between their excited
states. The temperature dependence of the exciton recombination
dynamics is reported focusing on the intermediate temperature
regime (before thermal escape begins to be important). In this
range, an important increase of the effective photoluminescence
decay time is observed and attributed to the state filling and
exciton thermalization between excited and ground states. A rate
equation model is also developed reproducing quite well the
observed exciton dynamics. 相似文献
13.
M.M. Glazov 《Solid State Communications》2007,142(9):531-535
Spin dynamics of two-dimensional electron gas confined in an asymmetrical quantum well is studied theoretically in the regime where the scattering frequency is comparable with the spin precession frequency due to the conduction band spin splitting. The spin polarization is shown to demonstrate quantum beats. If the spin splitting is determined by both bulk and structural asymmetry mechanisms the beats are damped at zero temperature even in the absence of a scattering. We calculate the decay of spin beats due to the thermal broadening of the electron distribution function and electron scattering. The magnetic field applied along the structure growth axis is shown to increase the frequency of the beats and shift system towards the collision dominated regime. 相似文献
14.
《中国物理 B》2020,(5)
On the basis of a volume of fluid(VOF) liquid/liquid interface tracking method, we apply a two-dimensional model to investigate the dynamic behaviors of droplet breakup through a splitting microchannel. The feasibility and applicability of the theoretical model are experimentally validated. Four flow regimes are observed in the splitting microchannel, that is, breakup with permanent obstruction, breakup with temporary obstruction, breakup with tunnels, and non-breakup. The results indicate that the increase of the capillary number Ca provides considerable upstream pressure to accelerate the droplet deformation, which is favorable for the droplet breakup. The decrease of the droplet size contributes to its shape changing from the plug to the sphere, which results in weakening droplet deformation ability and generating the nonbreakup flow regime. 相似文献
15.
As a van der Waals ferromagnet with high Curie temperature, Fe5-xGeTe2 has attracted tremendous interests recently. Here, using high-resolution angle-resolved photoemission spectroscopy (ARPES), we systematically investigated the electronic structure of Fe5-xGeTe2 crystals and its temperature evolution. Our ARPES measurement reveals two types of band structures from two different terminations with slight kz evolution. Interestingly, across the ferromagnetic transition, we observed the merging of two split bands above the Curie temperature, suggesting the band splitting due to the exchange interaction within the itinerant Stoner model. Our results provide important insights into the electronic and magnetic properties of Fe5-xGeTe2 and the understanding of magnetism in a two-dimensional ferromagnetic system. 相似文献
16.
本文从实验上研究了n型砷化镓中深能级有关的阴极射线致发光的温度猝灭与激发强度的关系以及阴极射线致发光的瞬态特性。采用两种样品;在n型GaAs衬底上用MOCVD外延的n型GaAs(掺S)的样品和在此基础上800℃扩入放射性Cr51的样品。用SI阴极光电倍增管接收阴极射线致发光,利用光子计数和延迟符合技术进行测量。以单能级和双能级两种模型分别计算了发光的稳态强度和衰减动力学过程。 相似文献
17.
Zhixun Ma Kin Man Yu Wladek Walukiewicz Peter Y. Yu Samuel S. Mao 《Applied Physics A: Materials Science & Processing》2009,96(2):379-384
We have deposited CdTe films by laser-assisted epitaxy approach and investigated the influence of substrate and film thickness
on the film properties. Grown on Si(001), GaAs(001), and quartz substrates; the CdTe films exhibit preferential orientation
along the cubic CdTe(111) direction. When the films are thin (<500 nm), a blueshift of the band gap and splitting of valence
bands were observed. These results are attributed to the existence of residual strains induced by mismatch of the film lattice
constant with that of the substrate, and by their difference in thermal expansion coefficients. The bulk band-gap energy of
1.5 eV was achieved on the surface of thick CdTe films grown on Si(001) substrate, indicating that strain was almost completely
relaxed in this case. Our results demonstrate that by a proper selection of substrate and film thickness it is possible to
grow film semiconductors with band gap approaching those of bulk crystals. 相似文献
18.
E. M. Aver’yanov 《Optics and Spectroscopy》2000,89(1):30-36
The features of a static shift and splitting of polarized electronic absorption bands of uniaxial impurity molecules are studied in uniaxial polymer films. The specific properties of the orientation statistics of impurity molecules are found that are typical for stretched polymer films and result in the qualitative difference of the dependence of positions and splitting of polarized absorption bands on the order parameter of the impurity molecules compared to impurity nematic liquid crystals. 相似文献
19.
J. Mukai N. Hashimoto T. Saitoh M. Matsuda T. Hayakawa J. Lu T. Komatsubara K. Furuno 《Zeitschrift für Physik A Hadrons and Nuclei》1996,356(1):367-368
The excited states of78Rb have been investigated by means of in-beam andβ-γ spectroscopy. The production of78Rb and theβ radioactivity of78Sr have been made through the54Fe(28Si,3pn) and54Fe(28Si,2p2n) reactions, respectively. Four rotational bands have been observed in the high-spin band structure. The signature splitting is large in the two bands, while the other two bands have small splitting. A detailed low-lying level scheme of78Rb has been constructed for the first time via theβ decay of78Sr in order to search for a linking transition between the high-spin band head and low lying states. 相似文献
20.
J. Rolland P. Manneville 《The European Physical Journal B - Condensed Matter and Complex Systems》2011,80(4):529-544
Plane Couette flow, the flow between two parallel planes
moving in opposite directions, is an example of wall-bounded flow
experiencing a transition to turbulence with an ordered coexistence of turbulent and laminar domains in some range of Reynolds
numbers [R
g, R
t] . When the aspect-ratio is sufficiently large,
this coexistence occurs in the form of alternately turbulent and laminar oblique bands. As R goes up trough the upper threshold R
t,
the bands disappear progressively to leave room to a uniform regime of
featureless turbulence. This continuous transition is studied here by
means of under-resolved numerical simulations understood as a modelling approach adapted to the long time, large aspect-ratio
limit. The state of the system is
quantitatively characterised using standard observables (turbulent
fraction and turbulence intensity inside the bands). A pair
of complex order parameters is defined for the pattern which is further
analysed within a standard Ginzburg–Landau formalism. Coefficients of
the model turn out to be comparable to those experimentally determined
for cylindrical Couette flow. 相似文献