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稀土氟化物微纳米材料制备方法的研究进展 总被引:1,自引:0,他引:1
稀土氟化物纳米材料由于其特殊的光、电、磁性质,在光学器件、显示、生物标记、光学晶体等领域有着广泛的应用,已成为材料科学领域的研究热点之一。目前研究者已用沉淀法、微乳液法、水热与溶剂热法、溶胶-凝胶法、微波法、超声波法、前驱体热解法、静电纺丝法等成功地制备出了纳米颗粒、纳米线、纳米膜、多面体纳米晶、复合结构纳米晶、核壳结构纳米材料等稀土氟化物纳米材料。本文总结了上述几种制备方法的研究进展,讨论了其优缺点,并结合课题组在稀土氟化物纳米材料制备方面的工作,对纳米稀土氟化物制备方法的发展方向做了展望。 相似文献
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超临界流体技术制备纳米材料的研究与展望 总被引:1,自引:0,他引:1
纳米科技是人们普遍关注的重要领域,而纳米材料充当其中的基础性角色。本文介绍了在新兴绿色环保介质——超临界流体中纳米材料的合成及其制备,涉及范围包括从准零纳米微粒到三维纳米材料,从无机纳米材料到有机聚合物纳米材料。其中不仅介绍了超临界流体中纳米材料的制备方法,同时也包括制备过程中超临界流体特殊性质,如溶胀、塑化和地表面张力所起的重要作用,并对超临界流体技术在纳米材料制备中的应用前景进行展望。 相似文献
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纳米材料几何尺寸小、比表面积大,具有广阔的应用前景。 以聚合物负载纳米材料能抑制其聚集、提高稳定性,更好地实现其功能。 本文总结了聚合物负载纳米材料的制备方法,探讨了这些复合材料在催化领域中的应用,并对其发展趋势作了总结和展望。 相似文献
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研究联苯双酯的荧光性质,并建立用荧光光度法测定联苯双酯滴丸中联苯双酯含量的方法.样品用乙醇超声提取,过滤,取续滤液,在室温下用乙醇作溶剂直接测定荧光强度计算联苯双酯的含量,并用RP-HPLC测定的结果作对照.实验表明,联苯双酯有较强的荧光特性,最大激发波长和发射波长分别在282 nm和388 nm;质量浓度在0.24~3.4 mg/L范围内,荧光强度与浓度有良好的线性关系,检出限为(3σ/k) 0.010 mg/L,对2.4 mg/L的联苯双酯测定的相对标准偏差为1.1% (n=10).方法用于联苯双酯滴丸中联苯双酯含量的测定,相对标准偏差RSD (n=5)在0.83%~2.8%,与RP-HPLC测定结果相比,无论是精密度还是准确度不存在显著差异.方法已用于联苯双酯滴丸中联苯双酯含量的测定. 相似文献
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Biodegradable poly(l-lactic acid) (PLLA) nanofiber was prepared by a carbon dioxide (CO2) laser supersonic drawing which was carried out by irradiating the laser on an as-spun fiber in a supersonic jet. The supersonic jet was generated by blowing off air into a vacuum chamber from a fiber supplying orifice. The flow velocity from the orifice can be estimated by applying Graham’s theorem from the pressure difference between the atmospheric pressure and the pressure of the vacuum chamber. The fastest flow velocity estimated was 396 m s−1 when the chamber pressure was 6 kPa. The PLLA nanofiber having an average diameter of 0.132 μm was obtained when the supersonic drawing was carried out by irradiating the laser at 177 W cm−2 on the as-spun fiber supplied at 0.1 m min−1 in the vacuum chamber at 6 kPa. The obtained nanofiber had a draw ratio of about 323,000 and a degree of crystallinity of 45%, and its diameter uniformity was high. The CO2 laser supersonic drawing was a new route for preparation of various nanofibers without using any solvent. 相似文献
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Dihydrogen trioxide, HOOOH, which is a species with fundamental importance for understanding the chain formation ability of the oxygen atom, was detected in a supersonic jet by a Fourier transform microwave spectrometer with a pulsed discharge nozzle, together with double resonance and triple resonance techniques. Its precise molecular structure was determined from the experimentally determined rotational constants of HOOOH and its isotopomer, DOOOD. Many of the microwave and millimeter wave transitions can now be accurately predicted, which could be facilitated for remote sensing of the molecule to elucidate its roles in various chemical processes. 相似文献
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Rajabian Mahmoud Gravelle Denis V. Vacquié Serge 《Plasma Chemistry and Plasma Processing》2004,24(2):285-305
The diagnostics study on supersonic argon/nitrogen plasma jets expanded into a low-pressure test chamber is carried out by means of emission spectroscopy and enthalpy probe measurement techniques. The spatial distributions of electron density, temperatures, and associated shock structure effects in plasma jets are investigated in conjunction with their direct dependency upon the chamber pressure. The experimental results show the occurrence and the position of different zones; i.e., supersonic expansion, stationary shock waves and subsonic jet at pressures below 51 kPa. Flow fluctuations due to the oblique shock wave at 39 kPa background pressure are observed and discussed. The electron density profiles show variations along the plasma axis that coincide with the position of the shock waves. The experimental results show the transition from the moderately under-expanded to the strongly under-expanded jet structure induced by lowering of the chamber pressure. 相似文献
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聚合所得初生聚乙烯的晶型伍青,张启兴,卢泽俭,王海华,欧阳巍,林尚安,张光华(中山大学高分子研究所,广州,510275)(中国科学院广州化学研究所)关键词聚乙烯,结晶,单斜晶,颗粒形态热力学稳定的聚乙烯晶型为正交晶系[1].当聚乙烯受一定应力作用时如... 相似文献
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Vibrational excitation and relaxation of five linear polyatomic molecules, OCS, OC3S, HC3N, HC5N, and SiC2S, have been studied by Fourier transform microwave spectroscopy in a supersonic expansion after the application of a low-current dc electric discharge. For each chain, the populations in bending and stretching modes have been characterized as a function of the applied discharge current; for stable OCS and HC3N, vibrational populations were studied as well in the absence of a discharge. With no discharge present the derived vibrational temperatures are slightly below T, the temperature of the gas before the supersonic expansion (i.e., 300 K). In the presence of the discharge, vibrational excitation occurs via inelastic collisions with the electrons and the vibrational temperatures rise as the applied current increases. Global vibrational relaxation is governed by rapid vibration-vibration (VV) energy transfer and slow vibration-translation (VT) energy transfer. The latter process is rate-determining and depends primarily on the wave number of the vibration. Vibrational modes with wave numbers near and below kT/hc (where T = 300 K and kT/hc-210 cm(-1)) are efficiently cooled by VT transfer because a sufficient number of collisions occur in the initial stages of the supersonic expansion. Vibrational modes with wave numbers around 450 cm(-l) appear to be inefficiently cooled in the molecular beam; at these energies VV and VT rates are probably comparable. For high-frequency vibrations, VV energy transfer dominates. For the longer chains OC3S and HC5N, higher-lying modes are generally not detectable and vibrational temperatures of most lower-lying modes were found to be lower than those of OCS and HC3N, suggesting that as the size of the molecules increases, intermode VV transfer becomes more efficient, plausibly due to the higher density of vibrational levels. New high resolution spectroscopic data have been obtained for several vibrationally excited states of OC3S, HC3N, and HC5N. Rotational lines of the 13C and 15N isotopic species of HC5N have been measured, yielding improved rotational and centrifugal distortion constants; 14N nitrogen quadrupole coupling constants for the isotopic species of HC5N with 13C have been determined for the first time. 相似文献
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《Arabian Journal of Chemistry》2022,15(1):103460
This paper is presented to study the supersonic flutter characteristics of laminated joined conical-conical shells made of epoxy as the matrix and fibers and graphene nanoplatelets (GNPs) as the reinforcements. The mathematical modeling of the shell and the aerodynamic pressure are performed sequentially using the first-order shear deformation theory (FSDT) and the supersonic piston theory incorporating the aerodynamic damping coefficient. The effective elasticity and shear modulus, Poisson’s ratios, and density are estimated using the rule of mixture, Halpin-Tsai model, and micromechanical relations. The governing equations and associated boundary and compatibility conditions are derived utilizing Hamilton’s principle and are solved in the circumferential direction and numerically in the meridional direction via the differential quadrature method (DQM). The natural frequencies and mode shapes are obtained, and the influences of various parameters on the flutter boundaries are examined including the geometrical characteristics of the shell segments, boundary conditions, circumferential wave number, and weight fractions of the GNPs and fibers. It is concluded that by increasing the weight fractions of the fibers and the GNPs, the natural frequencies grow and the aeroelastic stability improves. 相似文献