关于"惯性秤"实验的思考

介绍了惯性秤的基本原理，分析了惯性秤不同放置情况的测量结果。     

巧测惯性秤振动的周期

巧测惯性秤振动的周期智艾娣，王松德（洛阳师范高等专科学校物理系４７１０２２）当惯性秤的振幅很小时，可近似地看成简谐振动，其周期测惯性秤振动的周期，通常使用停表（秒表）．为了减小测量误差，取惯性秤振动速度最快的平衡位置Ｏ点为计时起点，测若干个周期的累计...     

重力对惯性秤影响的实验研究

分析了重力对惯性秤的影响、重力与惯性秤的振动周期的关系．给出了不同情况下的周期公式，并予以实验验证．     

重力对惯性秤振动周期影响的分析与实验演示

分析了重力对惯性秤振动周期的影响,指出重力与惯性秤系统振动周期的关系,给出不同情况下的周期表达式,并且通过实验测量数据来验证理论分析结论。     

用能量法推导惯性秤周期公式

如图1，惯性秤的主要部分是由两根弹性钢片连成的一个悬臂振动体，振动体的一端是秤台，秤台的中间孔中可插入定标用的标准质量块，一些《物理实验｝）教材”“’‘直接给出了惯性秤水平放置和竖直放置时作微小振动的周期公式，例如水平放置时，T—2。。／＝L＝：：f，式中m。为秤台上插入附加质量块的质量，。。为惯性秤空载时的等效质量，k为悬臂振动体的倔强系数．为了使学生弄清，n。、k究竟与哪些因素有关，下面我们用能量法推导周期公式．惯性秤的两根弹性钢片相当于两很平行放置的几何形状和物理性质完全等同的悬臂梁，以其中的一支…     

用气轨测定惯性质量

惯性质量是根据牛顿第二定律定义的,即m=F/a(m称为物体的惯性质量,F为作用于物体的合外力,a为物体所获得的加速度),它是物体对运动状态发生变化的抵抗能力的量度.物体的惯性质量的大小,不能用天平测定,因为天平测定的是物体的引力质量,故必须用动态法测定.在普通物理实验中,通常使用专门仪器——惯性秤测定.我们用气垫导轨装置进行实验所获得的结果表明:气垫导轨装置不但可以测量物体的惯性质量,而且测量精度比惯性秤高,值得推荐.本文着重论述用气垫导轨装置测定物体的惯性质量的实验原理,同时具体介绍实验所用仪器和实验结果.一、实验原理…     

第三运动定律的作用和反作用的实验

准备两个弹簧秤(如图1),在甲乙二秤的指针上,各贴一张硬纸小条,以把指针加长使学生都看得见指针。然后在甲秤上吊一个比重大于液体的物体(固体),指针即由0下移至3(比如说是300克重),再在指针所示3字右边贴一红纸条作为标记。然后在乙秤上吊一个小烧杯(不要太重,要比甲秤上吊的物体轻得多才行),然后将水倒在烧杯里,纸做指针即下移,到指针下移到和甲秤上指针所示的相同为     

焦利氏秤各部件的修理和改装

分析焦利氏秤各部件的结构以及损坏原因,讲解修理的方法和过程,总结出一些对损坏的焦利氏秤各部件进行修理和改装的经验．     

有关焦利秤的综合实验设计

焦利秤是大学物理实验中广泛使用的仪器。本文就几个常见的应用焦利秤的大学物理实验进行对比分析,寻找这些实验在原理上的承似性、仪器的相关性和实验数据的交叉性。提出一种设计综合实验思路,以增强学生自主设计综合实验的能力。     

液体表面张力系数测定实验的几点分析

用拉脱法测定水的表面张力系数实验中，用焦利氏秤测定（Ｆ—Ｗ）时，确定焦利氏秤标尺读数Ｌ１、Ｌ２的位置有两种方法。本文旨在详细分析这两种方法隐含的实验条件和对实验结果的影响．并进行比较，得出结论。     

惯性质量与引力质量相等的实验验证

设计了一套实验装置,以此研究了物质惯性质量与引力质量的等价性.与以往伽利略自由落体实验和牛顿单摆实验等动态验证法相比,本实验以静态的方式进行,大大减少了机械摩擦和空气阻力,又通过扭秤的光学系统将微弱作用力放大,因而实验的精度可高达,精确地验证了物质惯性质量与引力质量的等价性,填补了国内相关方面研究的空白.     

On the balance laws of extended thermodynamics (ET) for non-ideal gases

The conservation laws of mass and momentum and the equations of balance of momentum flux and energy flux as well as the higher order balance laws are derived by means of the modified Klimontovich kinetic equation for non-ideal gases. The effect of the body forces and inertial forces during the persistence of a collision is taken into account in order to have the balance laws valid for general frames of reference. The sequence of macroscopic quantities appearing in the balance equations is decomposed into convective and non-convective parts and this decomposition is explained on the basis of statistical mechanics. A problem of symmetry or non-symmetry of tensors associated with the presence of interactions between microscopic particles is discussed from a molecular point of view. Explicit expressions for the energy density, the pressure, the pressure tensor, the heat flux and the other expressions characteristic for ET are given in terms of microscopic variables.     

Measurement of Magnetic Properties of an Inertial Sensor with a Torsion Balance

A torsion balance is constructed to accurately measure the magnetic properties of the real proof mass of the inertial sensor. The magnetic susceptibility and remnant moment of a titanium proof mass are measured in the first experiment, and further improvements and the potential sensitivity are also discussed. This is significant for choosing the material of the proof mass and investigating the magnetic disturbances acting on the proof mass.     

微通道内不混溶气液两相二氧化碳界面动力学行为的格子Boltzmann研究

将高精度的二氧化碳状态方程与气液两相流格子Boltzmann方法中的伪势模型耦合,研究微通道内二氧化碳气液两相流动的界面动力学行为,包括二氧化碳气泡和液滴的分裂、合并、变形,以及气液两相二氧化碳在演化过程中的质量交换.研究发现：当分裂和合并行为达到平衡,并且两相之间不发生质量交换时流动达到稳态.稳态时的流型主要依赖于表面张力,惯性力,管道的润湿性,以及初始体积分数.当表面张力较大时,微通道内形成的二氧化碳气泡或液滴会收缩成圆形,此时二氧化碳气泡或液滴会堵塞微通道,形成段塞流;随着表面张力的减小,形成的气泡或液滴不容易收缩,在微通道内更容易发生变形,出现泡状流或环状流.当壁面润湿性为强疏水性时,二氧化碳在微通道中的流动为环状流,其它润湿性下,流型为段塞流.体积分数较小时,二氧化碳两相流动的流型为段塞流,体积分数较大时,流型为环状流.     

Model calculating high-speed collisions between bodies with different shapes and massive metallic obstacles

The mathematical model of a high-speed collision between bodies with arbitrary elongation and massive metallic obstacles has been suggested. The model is based on the energy balance and stage-by-stage scheme of formation of a crater. The collision process has been considered to be the quasi-stationary penetration of the deformed impactor and inertial deepening of a crater at the final step. A comparison of the calculations with the results of numerical simulations and physical experiment has shown satisfactory agreement.     

A New Proposal to Redefine Kilogram by Measuring the Planck Constant Based on Inertial Mass

A novel method to measure the Planck constant based on inertial mass is proposed here, which is distinguished from the conventional Kibble balance experiment which is based on the gravitational mass. The kilogram unit is linked to the Planck constant by calculating the difference of the parameters, i.e. resistance, voltage, velocity and time, which is measured in a two-mode experiment, unloaded mass mode and the loaded mass mode. In principle, all parameters measured in this experiment can reach a high accuracy, as that in Kibble balance experiment. This method has an advantage that some systematic error can be eliminated in difference calculation of measurements. In addition, this method is insensitive to air buoyancy and the alignment work in this experiment is easy. At last, the initial design of the apparatus is presented.     

Critically balanced ion temperature gradient turbulence in fusion plasmas

Scaling laws for ion temperature gradient driven turbulence in magnetized toroidal plasmas are derived and compared with direct numerical simulations. Predicted dependences of turbulence fluctuation amplitudes, spatial scales, and resulting heat fluxes on temperature gradient and magnetic field line pitch are found to agree with numerical results in both the driving and inertial ranges. Evidence is provided to support the critical balance conjecture that parallel streaming and nonlinear perpendicular decorrelation times are comparable at all spatial scales, leading to a scaling relationship between parallel and perpendicular spatial scales. This indicates that even strongly magnetized plasma turbulence is intrinsically three?dimensional.