On the derivation of some non-linear evolution equations and their progressive wave solutions

In the present work, utilizing the reductive perturbation method, the non-linear equations of a prestressed viscoelastic thick tube filled with a viscous fluid are examined in the longwave approximation and some evolution equations and their modified forms are derived. The analytical solution of some of these equations are obtained and it is shown that for perturbed cases, the wave amplitude and the phase velocity decay in the time parameter.     

The transient response of second order non-linear equations

A method is presented for calculating the transient response of second order non-linear differential equations. The increase in accuracy over such methods as the Kryloff-Bogoliuboff technique, physically speaking, is due to the inclusion of the phase-lag effects caused by the linear damping term in the equation. Mathematically the increase in accuracy is obtained by an appropriate choice of the zero-th order terms for the dependent variable and its first derivative. This inclusion requires little more calculation effort than that required in the Kryloff-Bogoliuoff technique. Additionally, this method may be iterated to obtain solutions of increased accuracy ; the next higher order solution being carried out in detail in the text. Examples are presented to show the increase in accuracy of the present method over the Kryloff-Bogoliuboff technique.     

The method of successive integration of the linear inhomogeneous wave equations in the theory of transient wave propagation in non-linear hereditary elastic media

A moderate distortion of the initial pulse form which takes place when a one-dimensional longitudinal pulse propagates through a sufficiently small distance in a non-linear hereditary clastic medium is considered. The governing equation is a quasi-linear integro-differential equation. Its first- and second-order asymptotic solutions arc derived with the aid of a method of successive integration of the linear inhomogeneous wave equations. Besides the constants which define the wave speed and the non-linear properties of the medium, the asymptotic solutions suggested in this paper contain two arbitrary functions whose properties are restricted only by certain smoothness conditions. One of them is the kernel function which defines the hereditary properties of the medium. and the other is the function which defines the initial form (shape) of the pulse. An example of the use of the asymptotic solutions is presented in which these two functions are given explicitly.     

On numerical solution to fractional non-linear oscillatory equations

In this article, the multi-step differential transform method (MsDTM) is applied to give approximate solutions of nonlinear ordinary differential equation such as fractional-non-linear oscillatory and vibration equations. The results indicate that the method is very effective and sufficient for solving nonlinear differential equations of fractional order.     

On the exact solution to certain non-linear partial differential equations

This paper, based on the theory of stratifications, gives a brand-new classification of partial differential equations. To be dedicated to my beloved teacher, H. Cartan, academician of French Academy of Sciences, on the occasion of his 90th birthday. This paper was partially supported by the National Natural Science Foundation of China     

A general scheme for the derivation of evolution equations describing mixed nonlinearity

We examine hyperbolic, quasilinear systems in which the usual quadratic nonlinearity coefficient may be positive or negative depending on the undisturbed state of the medium. A general multiple-scales technique is developed which is capable of determining the evolution equations governing small disturbances to a state which lies close to that where the quadratic nonlinearity coefficient vanishes. The resultant equation contains both quadratic and cubic nonlinearity and describes the mixed nonlinearity inherent in such systems. Extensions to weakly dissipative or weakly dispersive systems are provided as are examples illustrating applications to electromagnetics and solid and fluid mechanics.     

A second order solution of the non-linear equations of conical shells

A second order asymptotic solution to the Donnell type non-linear equations of elastic homogeneous conical shells is presented. Closed form solutions for the displacements and stress resultants including twelve constants of integration are obtained by considering the lateral displacement to be of the order of kt where k is a geometric parameter and t is the shell thickness. Terms of order up tot/r in comparison to unity are omitted. The solutions are valid for asymmetric slowly varying edge or surface loads.     

Approximate solution of non-linear transient heat conduction in cylindrical geometry

The applicability of the Heat Balance Integral method (HBI) using hybrid profiles (HP _n ) for heat diffusion problems in cylindrical geometry is studied. Three test problems are taken to validate the method, namely, TP1 — long hollow cylinder, inner boundary is supplied with constant heat flux and the outer boundary is at infinity, TP2 — the same geometry with the inner boundary at constant temperature, TP3 — the same geometry with convection at the boundary. It is found that HBI in combination with HP _n gives much better solutions as compared to the HBI-polynomial (P _n ) combinations. This method is applied to non-linear cases like temperature dependent thermal conductivity, boiling or condensation at the boundary. For assessment of accuracy Root Mean Square Residual (E _rms) is defined. The residual minimization technique is used to select the parameter in the HP _n profile. It is shown that this procedure yields solutions which are in excellent agreement with the available exact solutions in the case of the three test problems. In the case of nonlinear problems, the value ofE _rms which is comparable to the values in the test cases, shows that the HBI-HP _n is a very good combination for all problems.In dieser Studie wurde die Verwendbarkeit des Wärmebilanz-Integrationsverfahrens (HBI) unter Benutzung von hybriden Profilen (HP _n ) für Wärmeausbreitungsprobleme in zylindrischen Geometrien untersucht. Um das Verfahren zu veranschaulichen wurden drei Testprobleme genommen; wobei für alle drei Fälle die gleiche Geometrie benützt wurde, und zwar ein langer, ausgehöhlter Zylinder. Beim TP-1 ist die innere Grenze mit konstantem Wärmestrom versorgt und die äußere Grenze ist im Unendlichen angenommen worden. Beim TP-2 herrscht an der inneren Grenze eine konstante Temperatur. Beim TP-3 herrscht Konvektion an den Grenzen. Hierbei wurde festgestellt, daß HBI in Verbindung mit HP _n sehr viel bessere Lösungen liefert, als die HBI-Polynom-Kombinationen (P _n ). Dieses Verfahren ist für nicht lineare Fälle, wie temperaturabhängige Wärmeleitfähigkeit, Sieden oder Kondensation and den Grenzen verwendet worden. Für die Abschätzung der Genauigkeit ist das restliche quadratische Mittel definiert worden. Die Residuen-Minimisierungstechnik ist für die Auswahl des Parameters \ benützt worden. Es ist gezeigt worden, daß dieses Verfahren Lösungen liefert, welche mit den benützten genauen Lösungen der drei Testfälle hervorragend übereinstimmen. Im Fall der nicht linearen Probleme zeigt der Wert vonE _rms, der mit den Testfällen vergleichbar ist, daß die HBI-HP _n eine sehr gute Kombination für alle Probleme ist.     

Damage localization using transient non-linear elastic wave spectroscopy on composite structures

To reduce the costs related to maintenance of aircraft structures, there is the need to develop new robust, accurate and reliable damage detection methods. A possible answer to this problem is offered by newly developed non-linear acoustic/ultrasonic techniques, which monitor the non-linear elastic wave propagation behaviour introduced by damage, to detect its presence and location.In this paper, a new transient non-linear elastic wave spectroscopy (TNEWS) is presented for the detection and localization of a scattered zone (damage) in a composite plate. The TNEWS analyses the uncorrelations between two structural dynamic responses generated by two different pulse excitation amplitudes by using a time-frequency coherence function. A numerical validation of the proposed method is presented. Damage was introduced and modelled using a multi-scale material constitutive model (Preisach-Mayergoyz space).The developed technique identified in a clear manner the faulted zone, showing its robustness to locate and characterize non-linear sources in composite materials     

Pseudopotentials for non-linear evolution equations in 2 + 1 dimensions

In this paper the concept of pseudopotential is generalized to non-linear evolution equations in 2 + 1 dimensions. If the equations satisfied by the pseudopotential are of a Riccati-type in the x-variable, it is shown how to obtain both the generalized AKNS system and the auto-Bäcklund transformation for the corresponding non-linear evolution equation. Several examples are given: Kadomtsev-Petviashvili, modified Kadomtsev-Petviashvili, (2 + 1 dim.)-Harry-Dym, and (2 + 1 dim.)-Sawada-Kotera equations.     

A transient solution method for the finite element incompressible Navier-Stokes equations

A numerical procedure for solving the time-dependent, incompressible Navier-Stokes equations is presented. The present method is based on a set of finite element equations of the primitive variable formulation, and a direct time integration method which has unique features in its formulation as well as in its evaluation of the contribution of external functions. Particular processes regarding the continuity conditions and the boundary conditions lead to a set of non-linear recurrence equations which represent evolution of the velocities and the pressures under the incompressibility constraint. An iteration process as to the non-linear convective terms is performed until the convergence is achieved in every integration step. Excessively artificial techniques are not introduced into the present solution procedure. Numerical examples with vortex shedding behind a rectangular cylinder are presented to illustrate the features of the proposed method. The calculated results are compared with experimental data and visualized flow fields in literature.     

Averaging method for the solution of non-linear differential equations with periodic non-harmonic solutions

While Krylov and Bogolyubov used harmonic functions in their averaging method for the approximate solution of weakly non-linear differential equations with oscillatory solution, we apply a similar averaging technique using Jacobi elliptic functions. These functions are also periodic and are exact solutions of strongly non-linear differential equations. The method is used to solve non-linear differential equations with linear and non-linear small dissipative terms and/or with time dependent parameters. It is also shown that quite general dissipative terms can be transformed into time-dependent parameters. As a special example, the Langevin (collisional) equation of motion of electrons in a neutralizing ion background under the influence of a time and space-dependent electric field is presented. The method may also be used for non-linear control theory, dynamic and parametric stabilization of non-linear oscillations in plasma physics, etc.     

A derivation of the Mehrabadi-Cowin equations

An alternative derivation to that given by Mehrabadi and Cowin (1978) is presented here for a pair of kinematic equations governing a certain class of flows in the plastic deformation of dilatant granular materials. This class has been described by Spencer (1981) as double shearing flows. In their derivation Mehrabadi and Cowin (1978), prior to presenting the equations relative to rectangular Cartesian coordinates, obtained an intermediate pair of equations relative to a non-orthogonal network of characteristic coordinates. The essential difference between the original and present derivation is that here, the flow rule, expressed relative to rotating, rectangular Cartesian coordinates, is transformed directly to obtain the kinematic equations relative to fixed rectangular Cartesian coordinate axes, without the need to obtain the characteristic equations.     

On the derivation of Hamilton's equations

Dedicated to Walter Noll     

THE METHOD OF DERIVATION OF MAC－MILLAN＇S EQUATION FOR THE NON－LINEAR NON－HOLONOMIC SYSTEM

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