铝氟联合中毒大鼠骨、脑、血、尿中多元素含量动态检测

同批断乳两周的Wistar雄性大鼠59只,随机分为3个组,用同一病家的高岭土拌煤烘干与柴烘玉米加入配合饲料喂养.饲料含氟、铝3.9×10-6,12.4×10-6;107×10-6,40.4×10-6;212,66.8×10-6.实验11、20周分两批股动脉放血处死.检测了大鼠骨、脑、血、尿中多种元素.结果表明,血清钙一直较高,磷降低.实验11周,Ⅱ、Ⅲ组骨氟分别增高6、10倍,尿氟增高4、6倍;骨、脑、全血铝均随摄氟、铝量的增多而递减,尿铝递增.尿中其它元素多一直减少.骨中金属元素随骨铝的递减而递减.Ⅱ组全血锌显著下降.实验20周,Ⅱ、Ⅲ组骨氟是Ⅰ组的3.5和8.2倍,为实验11周时的58.1%和80.7%;尿氟是1.4和3倍.骨、脑铝随氟、铝摄入量的递增而递增,骨中金属元素含量也随之递增,骨磷降低.全血磷递增,锌均升高.本实验多元素含量由低向高变化的逆反过程与骨软化向硬化的病理转换相吻合;铝和氟彼此可影响对方的体内过程和在骨骼中的蓄积并引起多元素含量和相关性的显著变化.提示消化道内源性无机盐排泄过多;低龄动物的骨、脑对铝有排斥反应,但有铝危害表现.     

煤烘玉米和饮水为介质地氟病区骨畸形病人全血尿多元素含量的分析

采集了贵族个煤烘玉米为主要介质和河北２个饮水为介质氟病区内骨畸形病人的全血、尿、检测了其中８种元素含量,结果表明,贵州各氟病区少儿骨软化与成年骨硬化畸形病人的全血铝、钙、磷、铁和尿氟、铝均显著高于同龄对照组,尿磷均低于同龄对照组。少儿骨软化病人全血锌均下降,尿锌多下降。某水型氟病区骨软化经产妇尿氟、全血铜升高;骨软化少年全血铝显著升高,锌、铁下降,尿氟升高,尿锌,磷下降。海边的典型氟骨症病人全血、     

高氟铝和铝引起低龄鸡骨发育不全

进行了高氟铝和铝对低龄鸡骨损害的实验。５７日龄鸡９６只随机分为８组,毒物加进饲料,实验期３个月。结果表明,各高氟、高氟铝组骨氟均数倍于对照组,低铝组骨氟显著升高;单饲ＮａＦ组骨铝增高近３倍,高氟铝组骨氟比ＮａＦ组和病区玉米组低１／３以上,骨铝低约５０％;单饲铝达对照４～２１倍的骨铝与对照组接近。饲氟与骨氟ｒ＝０．７７,与骨铝ｒ＝０．６５;饲铝与骨铝ｒ＝－０．４６,与骨氟ｒ＝－０．５３;骨氟与骨铝ｒ     

高铝引起性发育成熟前人和动物的排斥性损害和主动调节保护及自身平衡稳定反应

在铝氟联合中毒的系列研究中 ,发现性发育成熟前头发和血尿高铝的骨软化畸形病人 ,肝、肾铝显著升高的大鼠和鸡的骨铝、脑铝含量在接近或明显甚至显著低于正常对照组时 ,出现了铝骨病和铝危害的其它表现 ;AlCl3 ·6H2 O对童鸡非蓄积危害阈值范围指数 >5 (2 1 40 41 9) ,较低浓度比较高浓度饲铝组病变更为显著 ,铝在一定浓度或剂量范围与反应强度可呈非正相关关系 ;一定浓度以上 ,摄铝与高氟促成铝吸收和蓄积的数倍到 1 0数倍浓度差别的病情差异并不明显。表明人和动物在地壳高铝环境中的长期进化与适应 ,于生长发育旺盛的性成熟前形成并完善了对自然条件下进入内环境高铝的排斥和主动调节保护及自身平衡稳定反应的机制 ,以避免铝危害和减轻铝的危害程度     

鸡铝氟联合中毒模型及其比较实验研究

制作和研究了病家雏鸡铝氟联合中毒模型,用100日龄雄性种鸡84只随机分为7组,病区玉米及毒物加入饲料自由进食。实验期3个月。结果表明,各实验组均有2～5只典型骨软化的鸡,并都出现小细胞性盆血。饲氟170×10     

铝氟联合中毒暨铝引起少儿钙磷铁锌生物有效利用不良综合征

对某村普查筛出的铝氟联合中毒病人及高氟,高氟铝、高铝的实验种鸡进行动态研究。结果表明,氟含量〉４０＊１０＾－６的主食玉米促成了一般摄铝浓度人群的铝吸收和蓄积,饲铝超过一般浓度１－４倍的童鸡便有肝、肾铝蓄积、骨铝反而显著下降,但均出现低龄人群和实验动物的高钙血和高骨矿性骨营养不良软化,高全血磷的ＡＴＰ生成减少,全血铁增高的缺铁性小细胞性贫血,低锌症,智能和体能下等钙磷铁锌生物有 良和低素质综合症,随     

海螵蛸入药部分和废弃部分8种无机元素分析

为合理开发利用海螵蛸 ,用原子吸收分光光度法测定了海螵蛸中入药部分和废弃部分中8种人体必需无机元素含量。结果表明 ,入药部分和废弃部分中钙含量丰富 ,分别达到 742 1 3× 1 0 - 3和 65 9 76× 1 0 - 3。入药部分铜、铁含量较废弃部分高 ,分别为 9 41× 1 0 - 6 、 91 86× 1 0 - 6 和2 3 5× 1 0 - 6 、 2 5 7× 1 0 - 6 。废弃部分含锌丰富 ,为 3 5 3 62× 1 0 - 6 ,数倍于入药部分 64 65× 1 0 - 6 。可见海螵蛸入药部分和废弃部分均具有良好的开发前景     

槲皮素铝的络合反应及槲皮素的荧光光度测定

槲皮素铝配合物在紫外光照射下产生荧光 ,其荧光强度与槲皮素的浓度呈线性关系。据此能测定槲皮素含量 ,线性范围为 2 .5× 10 - 6 ～ 4× 10 - 5mol·L- 1。该方法成功用于槐米提取物中槲皮素的测定。回收率在 97.8%～ 10 0 .0 %。     

反向流动注射化学发光法测定五氟利多

基于五氟利多对 KIO4- Luminol体系化学发光有强烈的增敏作用, 结合反向流动注射技术, 首次建立了测定五氟利多的流动注射化学发光的方法; 在优化的实验条件下, 测定五氟利多的线性范围为 4.0× 10- 8～ 1.0× 10- 5 g/mL, 检出限为 9.2× 10- 9 g/mL, 对 4.0× 10- 7 g/mL的五氟利多进行 11次平行测定, 方法的相对标准偏差为 2.1%; 该法用于片剂五氟利多的含量测定, 结果满意.     

钙镁试剂-示波计时电位法测定天然水和饮用水中铝含量

本文报道钙镁试剂 ( CLG) -示波计时电位法直接测定天然水和饮用水中的铝含量。在 0 .2 mol/L 乙酸 -乙酸铵 ( p H=6.3)缓冲溶液中 ,加入铝后 ,铝 - CL G配合物切口电位为 - 0 .75V,切口深度在 5× 1 0 - 6～ 5× 1 0 - 5mol/L范围内呈线性关系 ,检测下限为 4× 1 0 - 6 mol/L。在 5× 1 0 - 5mol/L时相对标准偏差为 4.7% ( n=1 0 )。应用该法测定了天然水和饮用水中铝含量 ,并同 ICP/AES法所获结果进行了对照 ,结果基本一致     

二氧化碳和丙烯直接合成甲基丙烯酸的NiPMo/TiO2催化剂的研究

用溶胶-凝胶法以磷钼酸(MPA)的镍盐溶液水解钛酸四丁酯制备了NiPMo/TiO2催化剂.使用ICP、 XRD、 TG-DTA、 IR、 TPD-MS和微反应技术研究了催化剂的化学组成、热稳定性、化学吸附性质和催化反应性能.杂多钼酸盐与TiO2通过O2-在TiO2表面发生了键合.在623 K下,杂多阴离子仍保持原有的Keggin结构.CO2在Lewis酸位Ni(Ⅱ)和Lewis碱位Ni-O-Mo的桥氧协同作用下生成CO2卧式吸附态Ni(Ⅱ)←O-(CO)←(O--Ni).丙烯有多种吸附态在催化剂上吸附.在563 K、 1 MPa和空速1500 h-1的反应条件下,丙烯的摩尔转化率为3.2%,产物MAA选择性为95%.     

Synthesis of 1-benzyloxypyrazin-2(1H)-one derivatives

Different approaches for the synthesis of 1-benzyloxypyrazin-2(1H)-one derivatives from simple amino acids have been investigated. A library of 33 precursors for the preparation of N-hydroxy pyrazinones was obtained in moderate to good yields.     

Toward new camptothecins. Part 6: Synthesis of crucial ketones and their use in Friedländer reaction

In the context of the preparation of camptothecin and luotonin A analogs, the synthesis of some key keto-precursors and their use in Friedländer condensation are described. This paper also focuses on the stability of these keto intermediates and emphasizes the major differences between indolizinones and pyrroloquinazolinones series. Noteworthy is also the report of some original structures isolated as by-products of some experiments.     

CoFe2O4自形成磁性液体场致结构化对磁化的影响

The Langevin paramagnetic theory can’t describe the relation between magnetization of ferrofluids and applied magnetic field. The structuralization of ferrofluids, which is considered the main influence factor of the magnetization, is regarded. The part of magnetization works is deposited when the structure is forming. This action influences the magnetization of ferrofluids directly or indirectly. On the base of the “compressing” model, the Langevin function that usually describes the magnetization of ferrofluid is modified, and a well-fitted curve is obtained. An equation of the relation between the equivalent volume fraction after being “compressed” and the intensity of magnetic field is discovered, which approximately describes the process of magnetization. The relation between the approximate initial susceptibility and the volume fraction can be obtained from modified formula.     

Highly regioselective Buchwald–Hartwig amination at C-2 of 2,4-dichloropyridine enabling a novel approach to 2,4-bisanilinopyridine (BAPyd) libraries

The highly regioselective Buchwald–Hartwig amination at C-2 of the cheap and readily accessible reagent, 2,4-dichloropyridine with a range of anilines and heterocyclic amines is described. This new methodology is robust and provides a facile access to 4-chloro-N-phenylpyridin-2-amines on 0.25 mol scale. These intermediates undergo a further Buchwald–Hartwig amination at higher temperature to enable rapid exploration of the chemical space at C-4 and to provide a library of 2,4-bisaminopyridines.     

KMnO4-mediated oxidative CN bond cleavage of tertiary amines: Synthesis of amides and sulfonamides

KMnO₄-mediated oxidative CN bond cleavage of tertiary amines producing secondary amine was introduced, which was trapped by electrophiles (acyl chloride and sulfonyl chloride) to form amides and sulfonamides. The reaction could take place at mild condition, tolerating a wide range of function groups and affording products in moderate to excellent yields.     

Chemistry of heterocyclic compounds at the A. E. Favorsky Irkutsk Institute of Chemistry, Siberian Branch of the Russian Academy of Sciences, over 50 years (Review)

The review contains a concise historical account and information on the most significant researches undertaken by the staff at the A. E. Favorsky Irkutsk Institute of Chemistry, Siberian Branch of the Russian Academy of Sciences on the Chemistry of Heterocyclic Compounds. Dedicated to Academician of the Russian Academy of Sciences B. A. Trofimov on his 70th jubilee. Translated from Khimiya Geterotsiklicheskikh Soedinenii, No. 10, pp. 1443–1502, October, 2008.     

A general and convenient synthesis of 4-(tosylmethyl)semicarbazones and their use in amidoalkylation of hydrogen,heteroatom, and carbon nucleophiles

A general synthesis of previously unknown semicarbazone-based α-amidoalkylating reagents, 4-(tosylmethyl)semicarbazones, has been developed. The synthesis involved three-component condensation of semicarbazones of aliphatic or aromatic aldehydes with the same or other aldehydes and p-toluenesulfinic acid. The scope and limitations of this reaction were investigated. The compounds obtained were demonstrated to be an efficient α-(4-semicarbazono)alkylating agents. They were reacted with H- (sodium borohydride), O- (sodium methylate), S- (sodium phenylthiolate), N- (pyrrolidine, sodium succinimide), P- (trialkyl phosphites), and C-nucleophiles (sodium diethyl malonate) to give the corresponding products of the tosyl group substitution, 4-substituted semicarbazones, including analogues of nitrofurazone. Among the prepared compounds tested in vitro for antibacterial and antifungal activity, three nitrofuryl-containing semicarbazones exhibited high biological activities with minimum inhibitory concentration (MIC) values of 8–32 μg/mL.     

Sulfur-directed metal-free and regiospecific methyl C(sp3)–H imidation of thioanisoles

Regiospecific and direct imidation of the methyl C(sp³)–H bond of thioanisoles is realized under mild and metal-free conditions with N-fluorobis(benzenesulfonyl)imide as an oxidant and nitrogen source. Proposed mechanism suggests that thionium ion intermediates and a Pummerer-type reaction are involved. The imidation has advantages such as high step-economy, excellent functionality tolerance, and regiospecificity, giving structurally diverse imidation products.     

Synthesis of novel chiral bidentate hydroxyalkyl-N-heterocyclic carbene ligands and their application in palladium-catalyzed Mizoroki–Heck couplings and asymmetric addition of diethylzinc to benzaldehyde

A small library of new chiral bidentate hydroxyalkyl-imidazolium salts 1 is conveniently synthesized on multi-gram scale from inexpensive and commercially available chiral pool amino acids. The corresponding carbenes, generated by deprotonation of imidazolium salts 1, in combination with palladium(II) chloride were tested in the Mizoroki–Heck coupling reaction. The most significant results in terms of yields and reactivities were achieved with low catalyst loading. The catalytic activities of these imidazolium salts were also investigated in the asymmetric addition of diethylzinc to benzaldehyde. The use of MgO nanoparticles as an additive in conjunction with these ligands played a crucial role in increasing the efficiency of these reactions.