分辨伏安分析重叠峰的研究

研究了一种处理伏安(极谱)重叠峰的数学模型。将几类具峰状的极谱电流公式归纳成一般的关系式,提出了一个通用的拟合函数,经非线性最小二乘法处理,可得到重叠组份的蜂高、峰电位和半峰宽等参数。本法适用于示差脉冲极谱、交流极谱、方波极谱、一阶导数卷积伏安法及其反向溶出伏安重叠峰的分离。已用于示差脉冲极谱和交流极谱重叠峰的分辨,得到满意结果。     

乙醛酸的微分脉冲极谱法定量分析

建立了乙醛酸的微分脉冲极谱定量分析方法, 乙醛酸在100 g/L KOH底液中, 于-1.35 V (vs. Ag/AgCl)处出现一良好的微分脉冲极谱峰, 并能排除主要杂质草酸的干扰. 乙醛酸浓度与其电流峰幅值呈显著的线性关系, 当标准加入的极谱电流峰高和样品极谱电流峰基本一致时, 测量误差小于0.5%.     

示差脉冲极谱研究——Ⅴ.(一)5’-磷酸腺苷在滴汞电极上的极谱电流

本文对(-)5’-磷酸腺苷在滴汞电极上还原所得到的示差脉冲极谱电流进行了研究,从(-)5’-磷酸腺苷直流极谱波的性质,示差脉冲极谱波的性质以及峰电流的性质,可以证实在0.1MNaOAc-HOAc缓冲溶液(PH=4.2)中,电极反应的速率是很快的,其电极反应过程是一个四个连续的1H~+-1e的反应。(-)5’-磷酸腺苷的脉冲极谱电流部分来自吸附作用,部分来自扩散作用。利用峰电流与脉冲电压之间的关系,很容易鉴别该两种电流,并可求得两种电流成分。     

钙调素与重金属Pb2+结合反应的方波极谱与循环伏安法研究

采用方波极谱法研究了重金属Pb2+与钙调素(CaM)的结合反应, 直接检测到Pb2+-CaM配合物的存在, 并进一步利用循环伏安法研究了Pb2+-CaM的电极反应. 在pH=6.5时, 用方波极谱法在Pb2+-CaM体系中检测出2个还原峰, 峰电位分别为-0.44~-0.47 V和-0.73~-0.77 V, 说明在Pb2+-CaM体系中铅有2种存在形式, -0.44~-0.47 V的还原峰对应于游离态Pb2+, 电位更负的还原峰对应于配合物[Pb2+-CaM]. 2个还原峰的峰电流均随着cPb2+/cCaM比值增大而增大; 至cPb2+/cCaM≥10后, 配合物[Pb2+-CaM]的峰电流基本不再变化, 而游离态Pb2+的峰电流则继续增大. 利用极谱滴定曲线的拐点可判断出Pb2+在CaM中有10个结合位点. 进一步的测量结果表明, 循环伏安曲线出现游离态Pb2+的氧化峰和还原峰, 而络合态的[Pb2+-CaM]只有其还原峰, 反向电压扫描时不出现阳极波, 即没有相对应的氧化峰出现.     

微分脉冲极谱法测定草酸

提出了草酸的微分脉冲极谱测定方法.草酸在0.05 mol·L-1邻苯二甲酸氢钾-1.0 mol·L-1硫酸锂底液中,扫描范围为-1.80～-1.20 V(vs.Ag/AgCl)时,分别在-1.29 V(EP1),-1.54 V(EP2)和-1.76 V(EP3)电位处出现3个微分脉冲极谱峰,由于EP3处存在杂质峰干扰,且EP2与EP3两峰无法完全分离,试验选择-1.29 V(EP1)处的微分脉冲极谱峰作为草酸定量分析的测定峰.对乙醛酸共存时乙酸的测定方法经行了论证.草酸浓度与其极谱峰峰电流呈线性关系,线性回归方程y=-24.080 6+37.344 3x,相关系数为0.997 9.方法用于9.018 g·L-1草酸标准溶液的测定,相对标准偏差(n=5)为0.23%,加标回收率在99.6%～100.3%之间.     

新极谱法

新极谱法包括①半积分电分析法,系记录电流的半积分m和电压E的关系曲线。②半微分电分析法,系记录电流的半微分e和电压E的关系曲线。③1.5次微分和2.5次微分极谱法,系记录电流的1.5次微分e＇或2.5次微分e＂和电压E的关系曲线。自1972年Oldham首次提出半积分电分析法以来,此类方法经完善和发展已用于多种极谱技术。例如线性扫描伏安法,循环伏安法,阶梯波极谱法方波极谱法,阳极溶出伏安法等。其灵敏度和分辨能力均已近于脉冲极谱法,且具有许     

吡虫清催化极谱波的研究

在浓度为 0 .2 mol· L- 1Na OH+ 0 .2 mol· L- 1H3BO3+ 0 .2 mol· L- 1KCl( p H=1 0 .0 )的底液中 ,吡虫清在单扫描示波极谱上有一灵敏的催化氢波 ,极谱波的峰电位于 - 1 .5 9V( vs.SCE)附近 ,该峰具有一定的吸附性。吡虫清的浓度在 7.0×1 0 - 5～ 7.0× 1 0 - 4mol· L- 1范围内与峰电流成线性关系。本文对吡虫清极谱波的性质和电极过程进行了详细的探讨     

均相伏安免疫法检测白喉类毒素和白喉抗毒素

白喉类毒素在pH9.4的0.1MNH₄Cl-NH₃·H₂O底液中改性,产生还原峰和氧化峰,峰电位分别为-1.52V和-1.46V(vs.SCE)。用单扫示波极谱法得到还原(或氧化)峰的峰电流与白喉类毒素浓度在2.5-180μg/ml范围内均呈良好线性关系。用微分脉冲极谱法可检测浓度低至0.3μg/ml的白喉类毒素。由特异性免疫结合反应,微分脉冲极谱法测得白喉类毒素的峰电流降低值与白喉抗毒素浓度在2.5×10^-6-5×10^-5IU/ml范围内呈正比关系,可测定白喉抗毒素浓度。方法简便、快速、灵敏度较高,可均相测定。用氧化峰电流测定百日咳菌苗-白喉-破伤风类毒素混合剂中白喉类毒素的含量,结果满意。     

线性变位极谱研究 Ⅴ.碲的吸附电流方程式

李华祥等曾用线性变位极谱法研究了碱性底液中碲(Ⅳ)的电极反应过程,他们在NH_3-NH_4Cl溶液中,碲(Ⅳ)在-0.75V和-1.15V(vs.S.C.E)附近观察到两个还原峰(图1)。第一个峰又宽又矮,是不可逆扩散峰,第二个峰尖而高,是吸附电流。由实验结果     

碘酸钾存在下萘丁美酮的极谱催化波法测定

本文报道了灵敏、快速测定萘丁美酮的新方法。在0.10 mol.L-1HAc-NaAc(pH 4.7)支持电解质中,萘丁美酮产生一极谱波,峰电位Ep=-1.12 V(vs.SCE)。加入KIO3后,该极谱波被催化,峰电流增加约30倍,峰电位基本不变,产生一灵敏的极谱催化波。其二阶导数峰峰电流ip″与萘丁美酮浓度在2.0×10-7~4.0×10-5mol.L-1范围内呈线性关系(r=0.9970,n=8),检出限为1.0×10-7mol.L-1。该方法可用于药物制剂中萘丁美酮含量的测定。     

Polarographic indication of the end-point in chelometric titrations with triethylenetetraminehexa-acetic acid

The application of d.c. and square-wave polarographic measurements for the indication of the end-point in titrations with triethylenetetraminehexa-acetic acid (TTHA) has been studied. TTHA has ten co-ordinating groups and forms complexes with metal to ligand ratios of either 1:1 or 2:1, depending on the metal and experimental conditions. The shape of the titration curves, determined by the dependence of the limiting current (peak current of the square-wave polarographic curve) or of the half-wave potential (peak potential) on the amount of TTHA added indicates the composition of the complex formed in the titration. The composition of this complex as determined from the studied titration curves agrees with that predicted by theory. Titrations with polarographic indication of the end-point were also applied for direct titrations of binary mixtures of metal ions. The resulting titration curves indicated the existence of mixed dinuclear complexes and also the kinetic factors involved in the reactions between two different metal ions and TTHA.     

Polarographic behavior of nicotinamide in surfactant media and its determination in cetyltrimethylammonium bromide surfactant system

The behavior of nicotinamide has been studied by differential pulse polarography and cyclic voltammetry in the presence of certain ionic and nonionic surfactants, viz. cetyltrimethylammonium bromide (CTAB), sodium dodecylsulfate (SDS) and Triton X-100 (TX-100). The cathodic peak potential (E(p(c))) and peak current (I(p(c))) of nicotinamide were found to be remarkably dependent on the charge and concentration of the surfactant. The presence of SDS and that of TX-100 cause a shift in peak potential and a change in peak current of nicotinamide. In the presence of the cationic surfactant, CTAB, an enhancement in the sensitivity of nicotinamide was observed. A sharp peak with more than two-fold increase in current was used to determine the limit of detection and linear working range using the differential pulse polarographic technique. The present method was successfully used for the simultaneous determination of nicotinamide and pyridoxine hydrochloride, and for the determination of nicotinamide in multivitamin pharmaceutical preparations.     

Direct determination of iron in ferritin using the polarographic catalytic current

A new method for the determination of iron in ferritin using the polarographic catalytic current has been developed. Iron is released in NaOH and triethanolamine (TEA) solution and subsequently determined based on the polarographic catalytic wave in the presence of bromate with the peak potential of –1.0 V (vs.SCE). The 2.5-derivative peak height of iron is linearly proportional to its concentration in the range of 8.0 × 10^–8–1.0 × 10^–6 g/ml with a correlation coefficient of 0.9991. The method has been applied to the determination of iron in human fetal liver and horse-spleen ferritin and the recovery is 95–112%.     

Application of semidifferential electroanalysis to anodic stripping voltammetry

A new voltammetric technique, Semidifferential electroanalysis, in which the semiderivative, e, of the current, i, is measured as a function of electrode potential, has been applied for detection in anodic stripping voltammetry. The semiderivative of the current is defined by [fx131-1.tif] Cd²⁺, Pb²⁺, and Tl⁺ in 0.1 M KNO₃ at different pH values were tested as samples on a hanging mercury drop working electrode. Symmetrical sharp peaks were observed for the re-dissolution processes of metal amalgams formed during pre-electrolysis at -1.0 V vs. SCE. The peak potentials of e vs. E curves for the above three amalgams agreed well with the literature values for d.c. polarographic half-wave potentials. The peak heights were proportional to the pre-electrolysis time up to about 5 min, to the potential scan rate in the range 60–160 mV s^-1, and to the concentrations of Cd²⁺, Pb²⁺, and Tl⁺ in the original solution in the range 10^-6–10^-9 M. The relative standard deviation for the determination of Cd²⁺ was about ±4% at the 2 × 10^-5 M level.     

Electrolysis with electrolyte dropping electrode: II. Basic properties of the system

In a theoretical discussion the conditions have been pointed out where an interface of two immiscible electrolyte solution behaves as an equilibrium system metal ion-metallic electrode, as an ideally polarized electrode and as an electrode under faradaic current flow. The basic equations for current-electrical potential difference across the interface have been deduced for the cases of ion as well as electron transfer.Experimentally, various base electrolyte systems were studied, the most advantageous among these are LiCl in water+tetrabutylammonium tetraphenylborate in nitrobenzene and MgCl₂ in water+tetrabutylammonium dicarbollyl cobaltate in nitrobenzene. S-shaped polarographic curves were observed with the tetramethylammonium ion. The limiting current is directly proportional to concentration. The limiting currents are somewhat higher than those predicted by the Ilkovi? equation which has been ascribed to the tangential movement of the interface.     

赖氨酸与香草醛反应产物的极谱波特征及其分析应用

研究了赖氨酸与香草醛反应产物的极谱波特征并建立了赖氨酸的分析方法。在0.1mol/L磷酸盐缓冲溶液中赖氨酸与香草醛反应的产物于－1.16V产生灵敏的极谱波,赖氨酸浓度在5×10     

Evaluation of the rate parameters from i-E polarographic characteristics—kinetic study of oxidation of the Mo(V)—EDTA complex by vanadyl chelate

The kinetics of the oxidation of Mo(V)—EDTA by vanadyl chelate has been studied by the catalytic current technique of dc polarography. The reaction order appears to be first order in both chelates and EDTA. The kinetic analysis of the current-potential curves combined with the current ratio technique has been successfully applied to interpretation of the data obtained from polarographic measurements. Agreement between theory and experiment obtained is quite satisfactory as regards the effect of the following catalytic reaction in the polarographic wave. The rate constant for oxidation of the Mo(V) chelate is log k=4.30±0.02 obtained by the catalytic to non-catalytic current ratio method, and log k=4.45±0.07 obtained from the half-wave potential shifts at t^o=25.0±0.1°C. The mechanism of the electrochemical reaction considered is also discussed.     

The use of the rotated dropping mercury electrode in polarographic analyses and amperometric titrations of micromolar solution

The applicability of the rotated dropping mercury electrode in conventional direct current polarography, alternate current polarography, and amperometric titrations, has been investigated. The direct current polarographic method was applied to the determination of minute quantities of lead contained in high-purity electrolytic zinc, the lowest content of lead determined being 0.0001 %. It was confirmed that the rotation of the electrode has no advantage in alternating current polarography. Some characteristics of the electrode, revealed by the measurement of current-time curves, are also presented and discussed.     

Desorption Preceding Polarographic Reduction of Some Acetophenone Derivatives in Alkaline Media

Abstract

Change in d.c. polarographic capacity currents, in a.c. polarographic curves, in electrocapillary curves, and in oscillographic dE/dt = f(E) curves indicate that ω-benzyl and ω-phenyl acetophenones are reduced at potentials at which their oxidized form is already desorbed.