Voltammetric Studies on Heteropoly Phosphotungstovanadate Anions Across the Liquid／Liquid Interface

Electrochemical transfer behavior of V^vW11--V3^vW9 heteropoly anions on the water/nitrobenzene interface was investigated by means of cyclic voltammetry. The effect of the solution acidity on the transfer behavior and the stable pH range for the heteropoly anions were studied. The stability of mixed tungstovanadate decreases with increasing the number of vanadium atoms. The main transfer species within the potential window have the negative charges of 4 and the transfer process is diffusion-controlled. The apparent transfer potential Δo%wΨ^0 and the free energy ΔGcr^0 w→o for the heteropoly anions can be obtained from the experimental data. For the different anions, the Δo%wΨ1/2pH relationship can be expressed as: Δo%wΨ1/2=constant-53pH.     

Synthesis,Electrocatalytic Properties and Crystal Structure of a New Organic—Inorganic Hybrid Constructed from Dodecamolybdophosphoric Acid and Benzotriazole

IntroductionIn the last few years there has been a rapidlygrowing number of reports in the literature ad-dressing the use of polyoxometalate- based hybridmaterials as catalysts,non- linear optical materialsand anti- virus drugs[1— 5] . In all the cases men-tioned above,the size,the shape and the chargesof the inorganic counter anions strongly affect theproperties of the materials. Polyoxometalates arelarge in size and high in electron accepting abili-ty[6] .They can form novel compounds with …     

Improved electrochemical properties in the Li3Fe2(PO4)3 by titanium and vanadium doping

Ti⁴⁺ ions were introduced to the VO₄^3- substituted Li₃Fe₂(PO₄)₃ by sol-gel method. Simultaneous substitution of Ti⁴⁺ for Fe³⁺ and VO₄^3- for PO₄^3- in the Li₃Fe₂(PO₄)₃ resulted in a net improvement in the rate capability and cycling performance, as compared with the single Ti⁴⁺ or VO₄^3- substituted compound.     

非水Li/MnO2电池电液的研究

本文通过对溶液比电导等性质的测定,为选择锂电池所用电液提供了依据,并通过模拟电池的实验,进一步验证对电液性能测定的结果。且对Li/MnO₂电池所用电液的优劣作出了更直接的评判。     

新型混合价态钒锗簇合物的合成与表征

采用水热法合成了一个新型混合价态钒锗簇合物[Ge₆V₆^VV₉^ⅣO₄₂(OH)₆(H₂O)]·6(1,6-DAH)·21H₂O(1)(DAH=己二胺), 并通过X射线单晶衍射、 元素分析、 红外光谱、 热重分析、 价键计算、 X射线光电子能谱和磁性分析对其结构、 组成和性质进行了表征. X射线单晶衍射分析表明, 化合物1结晶属于六方晶系, R3c空间群, 晶胞参数 a=b=1.98418(6) nm, c=4.63450(3) nm; V=15.8015(12) nm³, Z=6. 该化合物中的[Ge₆V₆^VV₉^ⅣO₄₂(OH)₆(H₂O)]簇可看作由3个{Ge₂O₇}二聚体取代{V₁₈O₄₂}簇中的3个VO₅四方锥单元衍生而来. 价键计算和XPS分析表明, 化合物1中的钒原子处于混合价态. 磁性研究表明, 化合物1中存在弱的反铁磁相互作用.     

新奇的双帽 pseudo-Keggin 结构磷钼钒酸盐的水热合成、晶体结构、性质及其量子化学计算

报道了一种新奇的磷钒酸盐[NH₄]₄H[PMo₈V₄^ⅣV₂^ⅤO₄₂]·24H₂O的合成方法,用元素分析、EPR、IR、UV谱和TG等手段进行了表征,并用X射线衍射法测定了晶体结构.结果表明,该杂多酸盐属于四方晶系,空间群P4/mnc,a=b=1.2592(2)nm,c=1.7565(4)nm,V=2.7848(8)nm³,Z=2.杂多阴离子具有双帽pseudoKeggin结构,不仅其中的8个金属位置被V和Mo无序占有,而且整个磷钼钒酸盐杂多阴离子的取向也是无序的.还应用EHMO方法研究了簇阴离子的电子结构.     

Fabrication of solid thin film electrolyte and LiCoO2 by aerosol flame pyrolysis deposition

Aerosol flame pyrolysis deposition method was applied to deposit the oxide glass electrolyte film and LiCoO₂ cathode for thin film type Li-ion secondary battery. The thicknesses of as-deposited porous LiCoO₂ and Li₂O–B₂O₃–P₂O₅ electrolyte film were about 6 μm and 15 μm, respectively. The deposited LiCoO₂ was sintered for 2 min at 700 °C to make partially densified cathode layer, and the deposited Li₂O–P₂O₅–B₂O₃ glass film completely densified by the sintering at 700 °C for 1 h. After solid state sintering process the thicknesses were reduced to approximately 4 μm and 6 μm, respectively. The cathode and electrolyte layers were deposited by continuous deposition process and integrated into a layer by co-sintering. It was demonstrated that Aerosol flame deposition is one of the good candidates for the fabrication of thin film battery.     

SiO_2负载磷钨钒杂多酸杂化材料的制备及其氧化脱硫性能的研究

利用磷酸氢二钠、偏钒酸纳和钨酸钠为原料,合成了具有Keggin结构的磷钨钒杂多化合物(H5PW10V2O40),并与1-丁基-3-甲基咪唑溴(BmimBr)离子液体反应生成一种杂多酸杂化材料([Bmim]5PW10V2O40)。利用红外光谱(FT-IR)、X射线衍射光谱(XRD)和紫外可见光谱(UV-vis)对所合成的杂多酸杂化材料进行表征。结果表明,[Bmim]5PW10V2O40具有咪唑阳离子基团和Keggin型杂多阴离子基团的结构特征,并且两种基团之间存在相互作用。以SiO_2为载体制备负载型的杂多酸杂化材料催化剂[Bmim]5PW10V2O40/SiO_2,以H2O_2作为氧化剂,考察该催化剂对模拟油中DBT的氧化性能,并优化氧化反应条件,在反应温度40℃,O/S物质的量比为3.0的条件下,反应50min,模拟油品中的DBT的转化率可以达到100%。催化剂可以通过离心法分离,经过干燥之后,可以循环使用至少七次,而对DBT的氧化活性没有降低。     

基于钛酸锂负极和聚三苯胺正极的电池电容体系

由于高安全、高功率和超长循环寿命等优点,钛酸锂负极材料近年来得到了广泛关注,基于钛酸锂负极的高性能超级电池电容器和锂离子电池也成为近年来的研究热点. 本文采用化学氧化法制备了有机物正极材料聚三苯胺,并通过经典的电化学测试方法研究了其储能机理及相应的电极动力学过程. 研究结果表明,该有机物正极的储能机制主要是基于阴离子的吸脱附反应,并表现出85 mA·g^-1的可逆容量,且其动力学过程不受扩散控制,属于典型的赝电容行为. 将该正极与钛酸锂负极结合构成了新型的电池电容体系,并对其电化学性能进行了研究,结果表明该体系具有高功率特性,且能量密度高于传统的混合型超级电容器. 此外,本文还对该有机物正极的不足和实际应用中所面临的挑战做了初步分析.     

Excess capacity on compound phases of Li2FeTiO4 composite cathode materials synthesized by hydrothermal reaction using optional titanium sources to boost battery performance

Li₂FeTiO₄ composites have been produced using commercial LiAC, FeCl₂ and different titanium sources by hydrothermal synthesis (HS) at 175 ℃ and subsequent annealing at 700 ℃. Impure phase TiO₂, Fe₂O₃ and FeTiO₄ were detected out among the Li₂FeTiO₄ composites with different titanium sources. Micron and nano-sized particles of Li₂FeTiO₄ were prepared from various titanium raw materials, with nano-sized particles predominating when titanium raw materials were layered hydrogen titanate nanowire (H₂Ti₃O₇NW, HTO-NW) and titanium oxide nanotubes (TiO₂NB). The Li₂FeTiO₄ composites synthesized by HTO-NW shows a primary particle size of 50-200 nm of high crystallinity staggered with undissolved nanowire with a diameter size of about 100 nm. The samples using one-dimensional nanometer titanium oxide (TiO₂ NB) as the raw material can get a super high initial discharge capacity of 367.8 mAh/g at the rate of C/10 and excellent cycling stability. The selection of raw materials and adopting multi-phase modification can be considered as an effective strategy to improve the electro-chemical properties of Li₂FeTiO₄ composite cathode materials for the lithium secondary battery.     

Li-Ga液态金属电池界面反应过程的原位检测

采用A型扫描超声脉冲反射技术, 对40 ℃ Li-Ga液态金属电池放电过程进行实时原位检测. 通过辨识正极界面超声信号指纹区, 发现正极界面的回波声压随液态金属电池放电容量的增加而增大, 表明放电产物Li₂Ga₇的声阻抗大于液态金属Ga; 当放电产物Li₂Ga₇完全覆盖正极表面时, 正极界面的回波声压较初始状态增大约45%; 归纳了不同放电阶段超声回波声压随放电容量的变化规律, 提供了判断电池状态的依据. 采用全聚焦相控阵超声三维成像技术, 对放电产物Li₂Ga₇在正极界面的形成过程进行可视化分析, 发现放电产物优先在正极界面中心区形成并聚集, 与放电1.4 mA·h的光学成像结果吻合, 揭示了Li-Ga液态金属电池放电过程中正极界面的传质特性. 总结归纳了超声回波信号与电池放电容量间的耦合关系, 建立了定量分析的工作曲线, 发展了一种液态金属电池正极界面过程原位无损检测的新方法.     

Dense Sphene-type Solid Electrolyte Through Rapid Sintering for Solid-state Lithium Metal Battery

The sphene-type solid electrolyte with high ionic conductivity has been designed for solid-state lithium metal battery. However, the practical applications of solid electrolytes are still suffered by the low relative density and long sintering time of tens of hours with large energy consumption. Here, we introduced the spark plasma sintering technology for fabricating the sphene-type Li_1.125Ta_0.875Zr_0.125SiO₅ solid electrolyte. The dense electrolyte pellet with high relative density of ca. 97.4% and ionic conductivity of ca. 1.44×10^-5 S/cm at 30℃ can be obtained by spark plasma sintering process within the extremely short time of only ca. 0.1 h. Also the solid electrolyte provides stable electrochemical window of ca. 6.0 V(vs. Li⁺/Li) and high electrochemical interface stability toward Li metal anode. With the enhanced interfacial contacts between electrodes and electrolyte pellet by the in-situ formed polymer electrolyte, the solid-state lithium metal battery with LiFePO₄ cathode can deliver the initial discharge capacity of ca. 154 mA·h/g at 0.1 C and the reversible capacity of ca. 132 mA·h/g after 70 cycles with high Coulombic efficiency of 99.5% at 55℃. Therefore, this study demonstrates a rapid and energy efficient sintering strategy for fabricating the solid electrolyte with dense structure and high ionic conductivity that can be practically applied in solid-state lithium metal batteries with high energy densities and safeties.     

锂嵌入型化合物-氢气电池

可充电氢气电池作为一种新兴的电池体系在大规模能源储存领域显示出富有前景的电化学性能. 锂嵌入型化合物作为一大类的锂离子电池正极材料能够很好地用作可充电氢气电池的正极. 本文开发了 2种新型锂嵌入型化合物-氢气电池. 通过使用钴酸锂与磷酸铁锂2种正极材料分别与氢气负极在硫酸锂 水系电解液中进行匹配, 得到了钴酸锂-氢气电池与磷酸铁锂-氢气电池. 钴酸锂-氢气电池展现出约1.27 V 的放电电位, 约97 mA·h·g^-1的比容量及10C的高倍率; 磷酸铁锂-氢气电池展现出约0.66 V的放电电位, 约125 mA·h·g^-1的比容量以及10C的高倍率. 虽然, 钴酸锂-氢气电池和磷酸铁锂-氢气电池因为使用了未经优化的、 不稳定的锂嵌入型化合物正极材料而导致全电池容量衰减, 但这2种电池经过氢气负极的再循环利用均表现出优异的恢复能力. 本文结果证明了氢气电池的化学稳定性及其在未来长寿命电池中具有的大规模能源储存潜力.     

氨基醇杂多酸类离子液体催化环酮的Baeyer-Villiger氧化反应

合成了一系列氨基醇杂多酸类离子液体,并将其用于催化环酮的Baeyer-Villiger氧化反应.以2-庚基环戊酮为模板底物,H₂O₂为氧化剂,探究了此类氨基醇杂多酸类离子液体的催化活性,筛选出催化活性最高的催化剂为[Pro-ps]H₂PW₁₂O₄₀,最佳反应条件:n(2-庚基环戊酮)∶n(催化剂)∶n(H₂O₂)=1∶0. 03∶4,反应温度40℃,反应时间8 h,无溶剂.在最佳条件下,2-庚基环戊酮的转化率为98. 19%,产物δ-十二内酯的选择性可达82. 84%.水相中的离子液体[Pro-ps]H₂PW₁₂O₄₀经干燥后可以重复使用.经过5次循环使用后催化活性未见明显下降.[Pro-ps]H₂PW₁₂O₄₀还可用于催化其它多种环酮的Baeyer-Villiger氧化反应,结果表明,该催化剂具有良好的...     

有机金属化合物中二级化学键的理论研究(Ⅴ)──二级化学键生成的分子力学研究

用分子力学方法对一些金属汞化合物进行了探讨和研究.通过与参考体系对比以及内旋转势垒计算的方式,说明了在诸如cis-ClHgCHCHCl(Ⅰ),o-C₆H₄HgCl₂(Ⅵ),Cl_Hg_CH₂_CH₂_CN(Ⅶa),Cl_Hg_CH₂_CH₂_C₆H₅(Ⅺa)分子中,非相邻的Cl,Hg原子间存在着弱相互作用.     

一种新型钼钒多酸化合物的合成、结构与荧光性能

采用水热技术,合成了一种新型四帽Keggin结构多酸化合物[H₃Mo₈^ⅥV₈^ⅣO₄₀(AsO₄)](en)₂(4,4-bipy)₇·9H₂O(en:乙二胺;bipy:联吡啶)(1),并对化合物进行了元素分析、红外光谱、X射线光电子能谱和X射线单晶结构分析。 晶体结构分析表明, 化合物属三斜晶系,P1空间群,晶胞参数a=1.47395(5) nm,b=1.48172(6) nm,c=1.62881(7) nm,α=66.16(3)°,β=87.15(2)°,γ=63.42(1)°,V=2.8723(2) nm³,Z=1,R₁=0.0728,wR₂=0.2014。 化合物由四帽Keggin多酸阴离子、4,4'-联吡啶、乙二胺和结晶水分子构成,化合物分子间存在大量的氢键,使化合物1形成3-D超分子结构。 荧光测试表明,化合物1能发出较强的荧光,有可能成为潜在的光活性材料。     

基于杂多类离子液体催化体系的甘油氢解反应研究

将一系列不同结构的离子液体与雷尼镍复合,作为甘油氢解制备丙二醇反应的催化剂。考察了离子液体结构对催化性能的影响,优选出具有适宜酸强度的固态磷钨酸质子化咪唑([HMIM]3PW12O40),采用FT-IR、1H-NMR及TG对其进行了表征。[HMIM]3PW12O40/雷尼镍复合催化剂在用量[HMIM]3PW12O400.2 mmol、雷尼镍0.3 g的条件下,催化20 g 40%甘油水溶液在6 MPa氢压(氢醇比为2.37∶1)下,230℃反应11 h,可得到甘油转化率83.3%,氢解产物1,2-丙二醇选择性57.3%的结果,催化剂具有良好的稳定性。     

一种双锂盐梳状聚合物电解质的制备及电化学性能

将聚乙二醇单甲醚(MPEG)接枝在聚(异丁烯-alt-马来酸酐)(PIAMA)上合成梳状锂单离子导体PIAMA-g-MPEG, 并与双(三氟甲基磺酰)亚胺锂(LiTFSI)复合制成双锂盐梳状聚合物电解质薄膜. 用核磁共振波谱 (¹H NMR)、 热重分析(TG)、 扫描电子显微镜(SEM)、 电化学阻抗(EIS)和电池充放电测试等方法对聚合物基体和电解质的物化性质和电化学性能进行了研究.结果表明, 设计的双锂盐梳状聚合物电解质能够有效解离并传输锂离子, 70 ℃下离子迁移数(t_Li⁺)为0.32, 离子电导率(σ)为1.5×10^-4 S/cm, 电化学稳定窗口为0~4.9 V (vs. Li/Li⁺). 组装Li|PIAMA-g-MPEG|Li电池并进行70 ℃恒电流充放电电压极化测试, 结果表明, 电解质与金属锂负极兼容性较好, 能够有效抑制锂枝晶的生长.组装LiFePO₄|PIAMA-g-MPEG|Li电池进行70 ℃长循环及倍率性能测试, 电解质表现出了优异的高温性能.     

Effect of VO43- Substitution on the Electrochemical Properties of a LiSn2(PO4)3 Anode Material

VO₄^3- anion was used to partially substitute for PO₄^3- in the Nasicon compound of LiSn₂(PO₄)₃ via a sol-gel method. XRD analysis revealed that the VO₄^3--substituted samples did not have a single LiSn₂(PO₄)₃ phase, and some secondary phases like SnO₂ and SnP₂O₇ appeared. Introduction of the VO₄^3- anion did not prevent the LiSn₂(PO₄)₃ compound from decomposing during the initial lithiation; however the VO₄^3- anion substitution remar-kably enhanced the rate capability and cycling performance of the products because they reduced the charge transfer impedance, increased the lithium ion diffusion, and strengthened the role of the Li₃PO₄ matrix due to the precipitation of the Li₃VO₄phase. Of the substituted samples, the sample with a nominal composition of LiSn₂(PO₄)_2.5(VO₄)_0.5 delivered a capacity of 449.2 mA·h/g at a rate of 0.25 C after 25 cycles and 373.8 mA·h/g at 2 C rate. Those values surpassed some previous reports on LiSn₂(PO₄)₃ and the LiSn₂(PO₄)₃/C composites. Accordingly, the partial substitution of phosphorus by vanadium in LiSn₂(PO₄)₃ is a feasible technique to remarkably improve its electrochemical properties.     

掺稀土的LiM0.02Mn1.98O4锂离子电池正极材料

自1991年Ohzuku[1] 、 Tarascon[2]等成功地将LiMn2O4用于锂离子电池正极以来, 人们对尖晶石LiMn2O4的电化学性质进行了广泛的研究[3]. 尖晶石LiMn2O4的一个缺点是充放电过程中, 特别在较高温度(如50 ℃)下, 其容量下降明显. Zhou等[4]详细研究了该过程, 发现造成容量下降的主要原因是充电状况下正极LiMn2O4的溶解, 由于Jahn-Taller效应生成不稳定的两相结构以及电解液的分解等. 为了提高LiMn2O4的充放电循环稳定性, 人们除了优化合成条件和溶液组分外, 主要采用添加少量掺杂元素(M), 部分替代LiMn2O4中的Mn, 制得LiMxMn2-xO4, 以抑制溶解和Jahn-Taller效应引起的结构变化.