Towards the Expression of Sex Hormone Receptors in the Human Vocal Fold

BACKGROUND: The human larynx is assumed to be a steroid receptor target organ. There are only very limited data on the evidence of steroid receptors in the vocal folds, although voice alterations due to hormonal influence and treatment have been found. GOAL OF THE STUDY: To investigate the expression of estrogen alpha, progesterone, and androgen receptors in human vocal folds (vocalis muscle, glands, lamina propria, epithelium). METHODS: Immunohistochemically, vocal fold cadaver specimens of 15 autopsied patients (6 women, 9 men), which were taken approximately 4 to 8 hours postmortem were investigated. Furthermore, one (male) vocal fold biopsy obtained intraoperatively during a laryngectomy was tested. RESULTS: No specific immunohistochemical staining for the different types of steroid hormones investigated could be observed in either the postmortem taken biopsies nor the intraoperatively one. However, several unspecific staining patterns could be observed. CONCLUSION: The results of this study contradict recently published data and question the expression of sex hormone receptors in the vocal folds. Main causes of false interpretations of unspecific staining are discussed.     

Triethoxysilane Express Analysis Method

Journal of Applied Spectroscopy - A technique for express analysis of triethoxysilane (TES), which is the main intermediate of chemical reactions occurring in silane synthetic processes, was...     

肿瘤细胞中表达的GFP蛋白的荧光漂白特性的研究

GFP作为生物源性荧光探针具有其他荧光标记物所无法比拟的优势，目前已广泛应用于生物学研究的各个领域。利用常规转染方法将带有EGFP基因的质粒载体导入人肺腺癌肿瘤细胞(ASTC-a-1)，并得到GFP稳定表达的细胞株。研究中发现，肿瘤细胞中表达的GFP长时间暴露于强激发光中会发生非常强列的荧光漂白作用，并且这种漂白作用是不可恢复的。对不同强度的激发光(饱和光源、阻断片ND4／ND8／ND16)对GFP的漂白作用进行了研究，并对冷冻保存样品的光漂白作用进行了初步的探讨。     

Express analysis of turbulence parameters

A method utilizing a Hartmann sensor for obtaining estimates of the external scale L ₀ of turbulent fluctuations and the structural constant C _n ² during the variation of the parameters of the wavefront of a light beam that has passed through turbulence is suggested. The method is based on Zernike polynomial decomposition of phase fluctuations at the given aperture and on analysis of this expansion coefficient’s statistics. Application of the method for making an estimate of the turbulence characteristics in a water cell yielded results that are in good agreement with the estimates obtained by other methods.     

汉防己碱对成骨肉瘤MG63细胞生长的作用

采用体外细胞培养,结合流式细胞术和MTT方法研究汉防己碱对MG63细胞生长的作用特点.汉防己碱(0.33μg/mL)对MG63细胞仅有轻度抑制作用,细胞存活率保持在88％-97％.汉防己碱浓度依赖性轻度降低cDDP对MG63细胞的IC50;低浓度Tet (0.33μg/mL)明显提升cDDP对MG63/cDDP细胞IC50,但0.5和1.0μtg/mL显著降低cDDP对MG63/cDDP细胞的IC50.汉防己碱对MG63/cDDP细胞则既可增加细胞耐药发展(0.33μg/mL),也可逆转肿瘤细胞对cDDP的耐药性(1.0μg/mL).     

Express interferometry of dense plasma

An express method of diagnostics of a wide class of plasma objects (including dense plasma) with high spectral and spatial resolution is suggested, which allows measurement of spectral line widths comparable with the free spectral interval of a Fabry—Perot interferometer. The proposed method is characterized by sufficient accuracy even with considerable broadening of spectral lines. Kiev T. Shevchenko University, Ukraine. Translated from Zhurnal Prikladnoi Spektroskopii, Vol. 64, No.6, pp. 813–817, November–December, 1997.     

Steroid Probes Conjugated with Protein-Protected Gold Nanocluster: Specific and Rapid Fluorescence Imaging of Steroid Receptors in Target Cells

Steroid ligands can easily diffuse through the cell membrane and this property makes it feasible to be used for in-situ staining of the nuclear receptors. However, nonspecific binding of the internalized ligand probe with the cellular components has caused serious interferences for the detection of receptor-expressing cells. We report a novel gold nanocluster (AuNC)-conjugated estrogen probe that can eliminate nonspecific internalization and accelerate nuclear localization to achieve selective and rapid detection of estrogen receptors (ERs) in live cells. The AuNC, protected by bovine serum albumin (BSA), BSA-AuNCs, was prepared by the synthesis and confirmed to be 1.9 nm in core size and 18 nm in diameter. Ethinyl estradiol was used as the precursor of 17β-estradial (E2) to conjugate with BSA-protected AuNCs via polyethylene glycol linker (E2-PEG/BSA-AuNCs) or to conjugate with Cy3 dyes (E2-Cy3). The conjugated probe was determined to contain five E2 molecules per BSA-AuNC by mass spectrometry and exhibit an emission maximum of around 640 nm, which was not altered by E2 conjugation indicating that the structural integrity of BSA-AuNCs was conserved. E2-PEG/BSA-AuNCs probes were quickly internalized by MCF-7 (ER+) cells and localized to the nuclei in 2 h. Such internalization was sensitive to competition by free E2 and was rarely detected in the controls using either non-conjugated BSA-AuNCs in MCF-7 (ER+) cells or E2-PEG/BSA-AuNCs in MDA-MB-231 (ER-) cells. In contrast to the high specificity of E2-PEG/BSA-AuNCs probe, the uptake of E2-Cy3 probe could not differentiate between MCF-7(ER+) and MDA-MB-231(ER-) cells during the early phases of the treatment. Moreover, nuclear targeting by E2-Cy3 was three times slower than that by the E2-PEG/BSA-AuNC probe. Such accelerated nuclei targeting was consistent with the enhanced cell viability by conjugating E2 with BSA-AuNC. In conclusion, the E2-PEG/BSA-AuNC probes are promising candidates that can be used for the detection of ER+ tumor tissues and the same strategy can be applied to fabricate other steroid probes.     

叶酸-壳聚糖偶联物的制备及对人体血红细胞的影响

通过叶酸活性酯与壳聚糖的氨基反应,制备出叶酸-壳聚糖偶联物;经红外光谱、核磁共振表征该偶联物的化学结构,紫外分光光度法测定每个壳聚糖上叶酸的接枝量。通过溶血实验、扫描电镜、原子力显微镜观察比较了壳聚糖、叶酸-壳聚糖对人体红细胞的影响。结论:成功制备出叶酸-壳聚糖偶联物;与壳聚糖相比,接枝叶酸的壳聚糖对血红细胞的形貌没有改变。     

用于活体人眼视网膜观察的自适应光学成像系统

利用自适应光学技术,研制了两套活体人眼视网膜高分辨力成像系统,在实时校正人眼波前误差的基础上,实现活体人眼视网膜细胞尺度的高分辨力成像。这两套系统分别采用19和37单元小型压电变形反射镜作为波前校正元件,哈特曼-夏克(Hartmann-Shack)波前传感器测量波前误差,用眼底反射的半导体激光作为波前探测的信标。在用计算机控制自适应光学系统实现人眼波前误差校正后,触发闪光灯照明视网膜,用CCD相机记录视网膜的高分辨力图像。校正后的残余波前误差的均方根值已分别小于1／6和1／10波长,相当于视网膜上成像分辨力分别为3．4μm和2．6μm,接近衍射极限。试验表明37单元系统的成像质量更好。     

信息高速公路--光纤

信息高速公路的主要干道是光纤。本文介绍有关光纤的一些知识。     

Fluorescent Biological Label for Recognizing Human Ovarian Tumor Cells Based on Fluorescent Nanoparticles

In this paper, we report a method for recognizing human ovarian tumor(HOT) cells using fluorescent biological label based on core-shell nanoparticles. The luminescent nanoparticles were synthesized with a water-in-oil(W/O)micromulsion technique. The fluorescent silica core-shell nanoparticles modified with anti-HER2 antibody using bifunctional cross-linker glutaraldedhyde targeted the corresponding tumor antigen in the cell surface of the SKOV3 ovarian cancer cells. The specific immunoreactivity of antibody-nanoparticles with cells was characterized by laser scanning microscopy (LSM) and scanning electron microscope (SEM). The results showed that the method offered potential advantages of sensitivity and simplicity due to high binding efficiency between nanoparticles and cells and provided an alternative method for the detection of HOT.     

Express Method for Determination of Low Value of Trans-membrane Potential of Living Cells with Fluorescence Probe: Application on Haemocytes at Immune Responses

The method for measurement of trans-membrane potential of cell membrane was evaluated for the case of low potential value using fluorescence probe 4-(4-dimethylaminostyryl)-1-methylpyridinium, DSM. The method is based on comparative titration of cells with probe in buffers containing Na(+) or K(+). The apparent trans-membrane potential obtained with this way is a result of K(+)-Na(+) pump activity. The presented approach allowed measuring the low value of potential with 1-2?mV of accuracy without additional calibration procedures. The method was applied for investigation of potential of cell membrane of haemocytes of Galleria mellonella larvae. The value of potential of intact insect's haemocytes was found in the range from -10 to -20?mV. The change of potential value of haemocytes was investigated under model immune response and natural envenomation and parasitizing. The obtained deviations of cell membrane potential were in good correlation with changes of activity of main immune reactions, described in literature and obtained by us earlier.     

Express analysis of spectra in precision experiments

Some precision experiments require several tens of hours for measurements. In this case, it is important to take into account possible drift of the detection system parameters in time. An express analysis program has been developed for early detection of significant distortions in recorded spectra, their filtration, and correction of results. Original Russian Text ? N.A. Gundorin, N.D. Dikoussar, N.G. Maznyj, L.B. Pikelner, I.M. Salamatin, M.I. Tsulaja, 2009, published in Izvestiya Rossiiskoi Akademii Nauk. Seriya Fizicheskaya, 2009, Vol. 73, No. 2, pp. 261–263.     

Express method of designing magnetic mass analyzers

An original method for designing magnetic mass analyzers that is represented in the form of a computer program is proposed. The thorough optimization of the method makes it possible to rapidly and accurately simulate the focusing properties of a mass analyzer along its focal line, as well as to select designs appropriate for a given problem.     

一种简便的表达声波波动特性的演示方法

1引言 普通扬声器发出的声波不是强指向性的；当声源发出的直达声波到达接收传声器后，由房间内对应各个反射面向声源产生的声波也陆续到达，造成严重的干扰．由于室内反射面状况较复杂，对时域中具有一定持续时间的信号，其直达声与反射声完全混叠，无法将各个像声源所对应的声波一一辨别出，因此直接采用扬声器发出的窄带或单频信号作为波源的实验方法就无法应用于普通的课堂教学．