副螺棱周期性扰动对单螺杆挤出机流体混沌混合的影响

从拉格朗日拟序结构的新视角,对扰动副棱单螺杆挤出机螺槽展开结构混沌流场的流体输运机理进行研究.采用有限元法,利用网格叠加技术,计算了扰动副棱单螺杆挤出机螺槽展开结构流体的二维流场分布,采用4阶Runge-Kutta法追踪了挤出机内流体粒子的演变过程,并与可视化实验结果进行了比较,验证了数值模拟的可靠性.在此基础上,利用有限时间李雅普诺夫指数(FTLE)、拉格朗日拟序结构(LCS)、Poincaré截面等研究了扰动副棱单螺杆挤出机内流体的混沌混合特性;分析了副螺棱宽度和高度等参数对混沌流场流型结构的影响.研究结果表明:带副螺棱的单螺杆挤出机流场中同宿点引发了混沌混合;副螺棱的高度是控制混沌流场的重要参数之一,增加副螺棱高度可以在一定程度上增大\"扭结\"的作用尺度,增加流体的拉伸和折叠作用,减小规则区的面积,有效提高设备的混合效率.     

拉格朗日方法下立方体诱导拟序结构的实验

运用时分粒图仪 (time-resolved particle imagevelocimetry)对平板边界层中立方体扰动诱导产生的发卡涡涡结构进行了实验测量, 得到了立方体扰动尾迹区中展向平面内的速度矢量分布.基于拉格朗日坐标系, 运用李亚普诺夫指数对流场中的相干结构进行了辨识, 比较欧拉坐标系下的结果发现拉格朗日体系下李亚普诺夫指数场不仅有效地包含欧拉坐标系下涡强所表征的发卡涡涡头信息外, 并且能够呈现出涡颈在空间中的分布, 能够完全刻画出发卡涡涡结构在展向平面内的信息, 还发现李亚普诺夫指数对流场拟序结构的表征有很好的鲁棒性.另外, 李亚普诺夫指数场的互相关分析表明诱导产生的发卡涡涡结构随着向下游的传播, 其涡头不断抬升, 发卡涡涡结构与壁面的倾角也逐渐变大, 有效地刻画了拟序结构的空间演化过程.     

两自由度机械臂λ^2=1下的Hopf分岔与混沌研究

研究了一类周期系数力学系统因周期运动失稳而产生Hopf分岔及混沌问题.首先根据拉格朗日方程给出了该力学系统的运动微分方程,并确定其周期运动的具有周期系数的扰动运动微分方程,再根据Floquet理论建立了其给定周期运动的Poincaré映射,根据该系统的特征矩阵有一对复共轭特征值从-1处穿越单位圆情况,分析该Poincaré映射不动点失稳后将发生次谐分岔、Hopf分岔、倍周期分岔,而多次倍周期分岔将导致混沌.并用数值计算加以验证.结果表明,随着分岔参数的变化,系统的周期运动可通过次谐分岔形成周期2运动,进而发生Hopf分岔形成拟周期运动,并再次经次谐分岔、倍周期分岔形成混沌运动.     

自由剪切湍流中颗粒-拟序结构相互作用研究进展

从实验和数值模拟两方面评述了颗粒-湍流拟序结构相互作用的近期研究进展.关于Stokes数不同对颗粒行为和拟序结构影响的试验研究,从单点激光多普勒测量到粒子图像全场测速,并与流场显示定性方法结合,揭示了不同Stokes数范围颗粒-拟序结构相互作用的规律.基于涡方法、直接数值模拟和大涡模拟等的模拟研究,进一步揭示颗粒-拟序结构的相互耦合作用和外界激励的调制作用等规律,同时推动了算法的发展.      

On the Relation between Fronts and High-Shear Layers in Wall Turbulence

Direct numerical simulation results of turbulent channel flow are analyzed in order to examine the relation between two kinds of near-wall flow structures, namely the instantaneous shear layers and the fronts which are derived from two-point statistics of the streamwise velocity component. The near-wall shear layers are analyzed by flow visualizations and conditional sampling, while the fronts are examined by means of space-time correlations and spatial two-point correlation functions. The present study focuses on the analysis of the propagation speed and the spatial shape of the structures. Concerning the propagation speed it is shown that the results obtained from flow visualizations are in close agreement with the propagation velocities derived from space-time correlation functions. The comparison of VISA results for the instantaneous shear with spatial structures obtained from two-point correlations of the streamwise velocity and the shear gives evidence that the fronts are intimately related to the pronounced near-wall shear layers.     

Lagrangian-based investigation of the transient flow structures around a pitching hydrofoil

The objective of this paper is to address the transient flow structures around a pitching hydrofoil by combining physical and numerical studies. In order to predict the dynamic behavior of the flow structure effectively, the Lagrangian coherent structures (LCS) defined by the ridges of the finite-time Lyapunov exponent (FTLE) are utilized under the framework of Navier–Stokes flow computations.In the numerical simulations, the k-ω shear stress transport (SST) turbulence model, coupled with a two-equationγ- Reθ transition model, is used for the turbulence closure.Results are presented for a NACA66 hydrofoil undergoing slowly and rapidly pitching motions from 0~?to 15~?then back to 0~?at a moderate Reynolds number Re = 7.5 × 10~5.The results reveal that the transient flow structures can be observed by the LCS method. For the slowly pitching case,it consists of five stages: quasi-steady and laminar, transition from laminar to turbulent, vortex development, large-scale vortex shedding, and reverting to laminar. The observation of LCS and Lagrangian particle tracers elucidates that the trailing edge vortex is nearly attached and stable during the vortex development stage and the interaction between the leading and trailing edge vortex caused by the adverse pressure gradient forces the vortexes to shed downstream during the large-scale vortex shedding stage, which corresponds to obvious fluctuations of the hydrodynamic response. For the rapidly pitching case, the inflection is hardly to be observedand the stall is delayed. The vortex formation, interaction, and shedding occurred once instead of being repeated three times,which is responsible for just one fluctuation in the hydrodynamic characteristics. The numerical results also show that the FTLE field has the potential to identify the transient flows,and the LCS can represent the divergence extent of infinite neighboring particles and capture the interface of the vortex region.     

Physics and modelling of turbulent particle deposition and entrainment: Review of a systematic study

Deposition and entrainment of particles in turbulent flows are crucial in a number of technological applications and environmental processes. We present a review of recent results from our previous works, which led to physical insights on these phenomena. These results were obtained from a systematic numerical study based on the accurate resolution – Direct Numerical Simulation via a pseudo-spectral approach – of the turbulent flow field, and on Lagrangian tracking of particles under different modelling assumptions. We underline the multiscale aspect of wall turbulence, which has challenged scientists to devise simple theoretical models adequate to fit experimental data, and we show that a sound rendering of wall turbulence mechanisms is required to produce a physical understanding of particle deposition and re-entrainment. This physical understanding can be implemented in more applied simulation techniques, such as Large-Eddy Simulation. Our arguments are based also on the phenomenology of coherent structures and on the examination of flow topology in connection with particle preferential distribution. Starting from these concepts, reasons why theoretical predictions may fail are examined together with the requirements which must be fulfilled by suitable predictive models.     

浮筏系统中的碰撞动力学离散模型(2):随机模型

本文建立了浮筏系统在部分冲击受损后形成的碰撞振动系统的离散动力学随机模型.在此随机模型中,浮筏系统的运动满足高斯分布,零部件的运动方程中的非线性是由于空隙单元产生,可以采用非高斯截断技术导出随机系统的平均碰撞庞加莱映射.实例分析指出,随机模型中由于增加了噪声的摄动,表现出的动力学特性比确定性模型更丰富,噪声的影响有时会增加零部件与设备之间的碰撞次数,也会抑制零部件与筏体之间的碰撞次数,噪声将增加系统动力学特性的复杂性.     

Eddy Structures in a Simulated Low Reynolds Number Turbulent Boundary Layer

Coherent structures in a tripped turbulent boundary layer havebeen analysed by applying a new conditional sampling algorithm tolarge-eddy simulation (LES) data. The space-time development of theevents and structural characteristics were examined. The new conditionalsampling scheme is shown to be very effective in the eduction of thecoherent eddy structures, allowing the simultaneous detection, trackingand averaging of several three-dimensional (3-D) structures. Alignmentof the triggering events in all spatial directions and flip-averaging(spatial reflection of the samples) enhance significantly the extractionof detailed features of the structures. The detection method minimisesthe smearing of the spatial details and avoids imposing artificialsymmetry, which is often intrinsic to other conditional samplingschemes.The results show the existence of cigar-shapedstreamwise vortices which are directly associated with negative pressurefluctuation peaks (positive source term of the pressure Poissonequation). They are inclined at 12^° to the wall andtilted laterally at an angle of 7^° to the streamwisedirection. The streamwise vortices induce ejections and sweeps throughan advection mechanism due to the tilting or inclination of thevortices. There is no evidence of hairpin vortices in either theconditional averages or instantaneous flow fields. Near-wall shearlayers are found to be related to the positive pressure fluctuationpeaks as a result of complex interactions between ejection and sweepevents. The shear layer structure has an inclination of10^°, being located between two tilted, streamwisevortices of opposite direction of rotation.The presentresults are very close to other Direct Numerical Simulation studiesusing different conditional sampling schemes. Conceptual models for thestreamwise vortices and shear layer structures are proposed to accountfor the results.     

Identifying invariant manifold using phase space warping and stochastic interrogation

Advances in the generalization of invariant manifolds to finite time, experimental (or observational) flows have stimulated many recent developments in the approximation of invariant manifolds and Lagrangian coherent structures. This paper explores the identification of invariant manifold like structures in experimental settings, where knowledge of a flow field is absent, but phase space trajectories can be experimentally measured. Several existing methods for the approximation of these structures modified for application when only unstructured trajectory data is available. We find the recently proposed method, based on the concept of phase space warping, to outperform other methods as data becomes limited and show it to extend the finite-time Lyapunov exponent method. This finding is based on a comparison of methods for various data quantities and in the presence of both measurement and dynamic noise.     

浮筏系统中的碰撞动力学离散模型(1):确定性模型

本文研究浮筏中刚性连结的零部件冲击受损后在有限空间的碰撞振动,应用碰撞动力学理论建立其确定性离散动力学模型,导出确定性系统的碰撞庞加莱映射.实例分析指出,零部件的质量和冲击后外激励的频率不影响零部件与设备之间的碰撞,碰撞主要发生在零部件与筏体之间,而且随着零部件质量的增加碰撞次数发生有限次的增加.冲击后外激励的频率对零部件与筏体之间的碰撞次数有一定的影响.从碰撞庞加莱图可以看出碰撞系统的振动表现为亚谐振动.