关于一类F.Smarandache可乘函数的均值

主要目的是利用解析方法研究一类F.Smarandache可乘函数的渐近性质,并给出关于这个函数的一个有趣的渐近公式.     

关于Smarandache伪数序列问题

The main purpose of this paper is to study the mean value properties of the second Smarandache pseudo-odd number sequence and pseudo-even number sequence,and give some interesting asymptotic formula for them.     

Smarandache函数在两数列上的下界估计

设S(n)是Smarandache函数,其中n是一正整数.讨论Smarandache函数S(n)在数列F((2k),1)=F(n,1)=n2n+1(n=2k)与数列G(2n,1)=(2n)2n+1上的下界估计.基于初等方法证明了:当偶数n≥6时,有S(F((2k),1))=S(F(n,1))≥6×2n+1;当n≥4时,有S(G(2n,1))≥6×2n+1.     

关于Smarandache函数的两个方程

对于著名的伪Smarandache函数Z（n）,Smarandache互反函数Sc（n）,以及伪Smarandache对偶函数Z^＊（n）,利用初等方法,借助同余方程理论,研究了包含函数Z（n）,Sc（n）以及Z^＊（n）的两个方程解的问题,并给出了一些有趣的结果.     

关于位数函数高次均值的计算

针对1993年美国数论专家Smarandache提出了初等数论及集合论中的105个未解决的问题中的5个关于自然数列的性质问题,就自然数列的位数函数问题进行了研究,给出了在一个正整数的n进制表示中的位数函数定义,采用了归纳、猜想的方法得出了位数函数a（m,n）的高次均值的精确计算公式.     

Smarandache函数与伪Smarandache函数相关性质研究

本文研究了Smarandache函数与伪Smarandache函数的相关性质,主要给出了伪Smarandache函数均值的一个范围,证明了Majumdar提出的四个猜想是正确的。     

Smarandache curves in the Galilean 4-space G4

In this paper, we study Smarandache curves in the 4-dimensional Galilean space G₄. We obtain Frenet-Serret invariants for the Smarandache curve in G₄. The first, second and third curvature of Smarandache curve are calculated. These values depending upon the first, second and third curvature of the given curve. Examples will be illustrated.     

关于Smarandache问题中逆序排列的偶数数列的性质

主要研究了Sm arandache问题中逆序排列的偶数数列的算术性质,采用递推,归纳,猜想的办法,得出了Sm arandache问题中逆序排列的偶数数列的递推公式、通项的精确表达式以及几个相关的性质.引理和定理的证明主要用了递推和数学归纳法.解决了文[1]中的部分问题,对于Sm arandache问题中的数列有推动作用.     

Smarandache函数的值分布性质

对于给定的自然数n,著名的Smarandache函数S(n)定义为S(n)=min{m: m∈N,n|m!|.本文主要目的是利用初等方法研究S(n)的值分布性质,并给出了一些有趣的渐近公式．     

Smarandache幂函数的均值

对于给定的自然数n,Smarandache幂函数SP(n)定义为SP(n)=min{m: n|mm,m∈N}．本文研究了这个函数的均值分布性质,并利用解析方法得到了Smarandache幂函数的一个较强的均值公式．     

关于SSSP（n）和SISP（n）的均值

研究了Smarandache最小平方数列和Smarandache最大平方数列的均值性质,并用初等方法得到了关于这两个数列均值的渐近公式．     

On the Solutions of an Equation Involving the Smarandache Power Function SP（n）

For any positive integer n,the famous Smarandache power function SP(n) is defined as the smallest positive integer m such that n|mm,where m and n have the same prime divisors.The main purpose of this paper is using the elementary methods to study the positive integer solutions of an equation involving the Smarandache power function SP(n) and obtain some interesting results.At the same time,we give an open problem about the related equation.     

一个包含Smarandache LCM函数的方程

对任意正整数n,著名的Smarandache LCM函数SL(n)定义为最小的正整数k,使得n|[1,2,…,k],其中[1,2,…,k]表示1,2,…,k的最小公倍数.本文利用初等方法研究一类包含Smarandache LCM函数方程的可解性,并获得了给定方程的所有正整数解.     

Smarandache n-Structure on CI-Algebras

In this paper, the notions of CI-algebras, Smarandache CI-algebra, Q-Smarandache filters and Q-Smarandache ideals are introduced. We show that a nonempty subset F of a CI-algebra X is a Q-Smarandache filter if and only if ${A(x,y) \subseteq F}$ , which A(x, y) is a Q-Smarandache upper set. Finally, we introduced the concepts of Smarandache BE-algebra, Smarandache dual BCK-algebra and Smarandache n-structure on CI-algebra.     

Exact sequences in homology of multiplicative Lie rings and a new version of Stallings' theorem

We show that the non-abelian tensor product of nilpotent, solvable and Engel multiplicative Lie rings is nilpotent, solvable and Engel, respectively. The six term exact sequence in homology of multiplicative Lie rings is obtained. We also prove a new version of Stallings' theorem.     

Smarandache平方数列SP(n)和IP(n)的均值差

对任意正整数n,Smarandache最小平方数列SP（n）定义为大于或等于n的最小完全平方数;Smarandache最大平方数列IP（n）定义为小于或等于n的最大完全平方数．日本学者建议研究数列SP（n）和IP（n）的几个均值问题．最近,国内学者首次利用初等及解析方法对这些问题进行了研究,并给出了数列SP（n）及IP（n）的几个均值公式,同时解决了日本学者提出的几个问题．本文进一步对这些问题进行研究,获得了一个新的渐近公式．     

一个函数方程及其它的实数解

运用求函数条件极值的方法研究了一类函数方程的可解性,并获得了它的所有实数解,从而推广了美籍罗马尼亚著名数论专家F.Smaranche教授的一个问题.     

bi-strong Smarandache BL-algebras

In this paper, we introduce the notion of bi-Smarandache BL-algebra, bi-weak Smarandache BL-algebra, bi-Q-Smarandache ideal and bi-Q-Smarandache implicative filter, we obtain some related results and construct quotient of bi-Smarandache BL-algebras via MV-algebras (or briefly bi-Smarandache quotient BL-algebra) and prove some theorems. Finally, the notion of bi-strong Smarandache BL-algebra is presented and relationship between bi-strong Smarandache BL-algebra and bi-Smarandache BL-algebra are studied.     

一个包含F Smarandache平方补数的极限

The main purpose of this paper is using the analytic methods to study a limit problem involving the F Smarandache square complementary number Ssc(n),and obtain its limit value.     

The emergence of multiplicative thinking in children's solutions to paper folding tasks

Although children partition by repeatedly halving easily and spontaneously as early as the age of 4, multiplicative thinking is difficult and develops over a long period in school. Given the apparently multiplicative character of repeated halving and doubling, it is natural to ask what role they might play in the development of multiplicative thinking. We investigated this question by examining children's solutions to folding tasks, which involved predicting the number of equal parts created by a succession of given folds and determining a sequence of folds to create a given number of equal parts. Analyzing a combination of cross-sectional data and case studies from standardized clinical interviews, we found that children were most successful at coordinating folding sequences with multiplicative thinking when they used a conceptualization of doubling based upon recursion. This conceptualization tended to generate more sophisticated solutions.