湿化学法合成LiNi_(1/3)Mn_(1/3)Co_(1/3)O_2及其表征(英文)

利用琥珀酸为鳌合剂的湿化学法成功合成了一系列锂离子电池正极材料LiNi1/3Mn1/3Co1/3O2,在合成过程中改变琥珀酸与金属离子摩尔比(R)并研究了这一参数对合成LiNi1/3Mn1/3Co1/3O2材料物理及电化学性质的影响.采用热重、X射线衍射、Rietveld精修、扫描电镜以及超导量子干涉仪对反应机理、材料的结构、形貌以及磁学性质进行了详细表征.得到最佳合成条件为R=1,此时LiNi1/3Mn1/3Co1/3O2的阳离子混排度最低.此外,通过Rietveld精修得到该材料阳离子混排度的结果与通过磁学方法得到的结果定量相符,如对于在R=1条件下合成的样品,Rietveld精修结果显示其阳离子混排度为1.85%,而超导量子干涉仪的测试结果为1.80%.当充放电区间为3.0-4.3V,电流密度为0.2C(1C=160mA·g-1)时,该样品的首次放电容量为161mAh·g-1,库仑效率为93.1%,经过50次循环后,容量保持率可达91.3%.     

Phenyl(acyloxy)fluorosilanes C6H5Si(OCOR)nF3?n (n = 1, 2) and phenyl(acyloxy)fluorochlorosilanes C6H5Si(OCOR)FCl

The method of synthesis of the hitherto unknown class of organosilicon compounds, phenyl(acyloxy)fluorosilanes C₆H₅Si(OCOR) _n F_3−n (n = 1, 2) and phenyl(acyloxy)fluorochlorosilanes C₆H₅Si(OCOR) FCl in up to 91% yield has been developed based on the reaction of phenyl(fluoro)chlorosilanes C₆H₅SiCl _n F_3−n (n = 1, 2) with trimethylsilyl esters of carboxylic acids Me₃SiOC(O)R [R = H, CH₃, CF₃, CCl₃, ClCH₂, BrCH₂, CH₂=CHCH₃, CH₂=CHPh, CH(CH₃)=CH₂, Ph].     

LiNi_(1/3)Co_(1/3)Mn_(1/3)O_2的低温性能及动力学分析

通过高温烧结制备了锂离子电池正极材料LiNi1/3Co1/3Mn1/3O2,并用XRD、SEM和恒流充放电对材料的结构、形貌和低温电性能进行了表征,通过线性极化、GITT和EIS等手段研究分析了低温下LiNi1/3Co1/3Mn1/3O2性能变差的原因.结果表明,-20℃时,LiNi1/3Co1/3Mn1/3O2材料的0.1、0.2、1和5 C倍率放电比容量依次为25℃时同倍率下放电比容量的83.2%、68.4%、57.2%和34.1%,放电中值电压比25℃时依次降低了0.049、0.125、0.364和0.531 V.低温充放电过程表现出明显的极化现象,其中最显著的极化来自锂离子穿过活性物质/电解液界面过程以及电荷转移过程,而非锂离子在电极材料内部的扩散过程.     

Crystal structures ofcatena-[diligatocadmium(II) tetra-μ-cyanocadmate(II)] host clathrates: Diamminecadmium(II) tetracyanocadmate(II)-benzene(1/2), diamminecadmium(II) tetracyanocadmate(II)-aniline(1/2), ethylenediaminecadmium(II) tetracyanocadmate(II)-aniline(1/2), and a novel type bis(aniline)cadmium(II) tetracyanocadmate(II)-aniline(2/1)

The crystal structures of the four title clathrate compounds Cd(NH₃)₂Cd(CN)₄ · 2C₆H₆,I, Cd(NH₃)₂Cd(CN)₄ · 2C₆H₅NH₂,II, Cd(NH₂CH₂CH₂NH₂)Cd(CN)₄ · 2 C₆H₅NH₂,III, and Cd(C₆H₅NH₂)₂Cd(CN)₄ · 0.5C₆H₅NH₂,IV, have been analyzed by single crystal X-ray diffraction methods. CompoundI crystallizes in the monoclinic space groupC2/c,a = 12.063(2),b = 12.174(2),c = 14.621(1) Å,β = 90.976(9)°,Z = 4,R = 0.042 for 2388 reflections;II: monoclinic C₂/c,a = 12.1951(9),b = 12.078(1),c = 14.6921(7) Å,β = 93.436(5)°,Z = 4,R = 0.039 for 2374 reflections;III: monoclinicCc,a = 11.027(1),b = 12.0767(9),c = 15.837(1) Å,β = 92.059(9)°,Z = 4,R = 0.041 for 2883 reflections; andIV: monoclinicP2₁/n,a = 15.169(2),b = 16.019(2),c = 8.866(1) Å,β = 95.73(1)°,Z = 4,R = 0.052 for 3612 reflections. The three-dimensionalcatena-[diamminecadmium(II) tetra-μ-cyanocadmate(II)] hosts ofI andII are substantially isostructural to that of the already known Hofmann-Td-type Cd(NH₃)₂Hg(CN)₄ · 2C₆H₆. The three-dimensional en-Td-typecatena-[catena-μ-ethylenediaminecadmium(II) tetra-μ-cyanocadmate(II)] host ofIII, reinforced by the catena-μ-en linking between the octahedral Cd atoms, accommodates the aniline as the guest with a monoclinic distortion from the tetragonal symmetry of the previously reported en-Td-type benzene clathrate. InIV dual behavior of aniline, one as the unidentate ligand in the three-dimensional host and the other as the guest in the cage-like cavity, has been demonstrated.     

Structure of tetra(3,5-dinitrobenzoate) bis(Piperidine) hexaaquanickel(II)—[Ni(OH2)6](PipH)2(3,5-DNB)4·2H2O dihydrate

It is found that M(AmH)₂(3,5-DNB)₄·8H₂O compounds (where M(II) = Co, Ni; AmH is piperidine PipH = (C₅H₁₀NH₂)⁺ or diethylamine DaH = (C₄H₁₀NH₂)⁺ cations; 3,5-DNB = (C₇H₃N₂O₆)⁻ is the dinitrobenzoic acid anion) are isotypic. The structure of the Ni(PipH)₂(3,5-DNB)₄·8H₂O single crystal is studied. The crystals have a monoclinic system, P2₁/n space group, Z = 2, a = 6.7694(3) ?, b = 16.0746(6) ?, c = 23.1250(9) ?, β = 97.794(1)°, V = 2493.1(2) ?³, T = 153 K. The final value R(F) = 0.0407 was obtained for 8191 independent reflections with I> 2σ(I). The structural units of the compound studied are as follows: [Ni(OH₂)₆]²⁺ complex hexaaquacation, two (PipH)⁺ cations, four (3,5-DNB)⁻ anions, and two molecules of water of crystallization with the structural formula [Ni(OH₂)₆](PipH)₂(3,5-DNB)₄·2H₂O. Similar compounds of Ni(II) and Co(II) are isostructural.     

Eu(OPri)3/Tb(OPri)3共掺杂P(MMA-co-St)

Eu(OPri)3/Tb(OPri)3共掺杂P(MMA-co-St);Eu(OPri)3/Tb(OPri)3;共掺杂;P(MMA-co-St);荧光性能     

LiNi_(1/3)Co_(1/3)Mn_(1/3)O_2@C复合材料的制备及电化学性能

采用活性炭吸附含Co~(2+),Mn~(2+),Ni~(2+)和Li~+的乙酸盐混合溶液,辅以高温热处理制备了碳包覆LiNi_(1/3)Co_(1/3)Mn_(1/3)O2(NCM@C).透射电子显微镜(TEM)观测结果表明,碳包覆层的厚度约为10 nm.电化学性能测试结果表明,在0.2C下首次放电比容量为181 m A·h/g,首次充放电效率为90.7%;在20C倍率下,NCM@C仍具有78 m A·h/g的放电比容量,而采用溶胶凝胶法制备的Li Ni_(1/3)Co_(1/3)Mn_(1/3)O2(NCM)的比容量仅为39 m A·h/g;NCM@C还表现出良好的循环稳定性,在0.2C倍率下循环50周容量保持率为88.1%,而NCM容量保持率仅为66.4%.     

Thiolate-bridged heterometallic complexes of manganese and platinum: Synthesis and molecular structures of (CO)4Mn(μ-SPh)Pt(PPh3)2, (CO)3(PPh3)Mn(μ-SPh)Pt(PPh3)(CO), and (CO)3Mn(μ-SPh)Pt(PPh3)(Dppm)

A reaction of the dimer [Mn(CO)₄(SPh)]₂ with (PPh₃)₂Pt(C₂Ph₂) gave the heterometallic complex (CO)₄Mn(μ-SPh)Pt(PPh₃)₂ (I) and its isomer (CO)₃(PPh₃)Mn(μ-SPh)Pt(PPh₃)(CO) (II). A reaction of complex I with a diphosphine ligand (Dppm) yielded the heterometallic complex (CO)₃Mn(μ-SPh)Pt(PPh₃)(Dppm) (III). Complexes I–III were characterized by X-ray diffraction. In complex I, the single Mn-Pt bond (2.6946(3) ?) is supplemented with a thiolate bridge with the shortened Pt-S and Mn-S bonds (2.3129(5) and 2.2900(6) ?, respectively). Unlike complex I, in complex II, one phosphine group at the Pt atom is exchanged for one CO group at the Mn atom. The Mn-Pt bond (2.633(1) ?) and the thiolate bridge (Pt-S, 2.332(2) ?; Mn-S, 2.291(2) ?) are retained. In complex III, the Mn-Pt bond (2.623(1) ?) is supplemented with thiolate (Pt-S, 2.341(2) ?; Mn-S, 2.292(2) 0?) and Dppm bridges (Pt-P, 2.240(1)?; Mn-P, 2.245(2) ?). Apparently, the Pt atom in complexes I–III is attached to the formally double bond , as in Pt complexes with olefins.     

(AIN)+n和(AIN)-n(n = 1~15) 团簇的结构与稳定性

用密度泛函理论(DFT)的B3LYP方法, 在6-31G*水平上, 对(AIN)⁺_n和(AIN)^-_n(n = 1~15) 团簇的几何构型、红外光谱和热力学稳定性进行了研究, 并对它们的电离能及电子亲和能进行了讨论. 结果表明: (AIN)_n团簇的电荷状态对簇合物的结构有较大影响, 随着n的增大影响逐渐减小; 所有平衡结构中不存在Al-Al和N-N键, Al-N键是惟一键型;(AIN)⁺_n和(AIN)^-_n结构稳定性幻数与(AIN)_n相同, 即n = 2, 4, 6, …等偶数结构较为稳定; (AlN)₁₀团簇具有最大的电离能(IP = 9.14 eV)和最小的电子亲和能(EA = 0.19 eV), 较其他团簇更稳定.     

锂离子电池正极材料(LiNi_(1/3)Co_(1/3)Mn_(1/3)O_2)的流变相法合成及其电化学性能

以Li2CO3,Ni(NO3)2,Co2O3和Mn O2为原料,经流变相法合成了锂离子电池正极材料Li Ni1/3Co1/3Mn1/3O2(1),其结构和形貌经XRD和SEM表征。考察了煅烧温度(T)和煅烧时间(t)对1Tt电化学性能的影响。采用乙炔黑作导电剂,制备了1Tt的锂离子正极材料(2Tt)。电化学性能测试结果表明:于800℃煅烧12 h制备的280012电化学性能最好。在充放电条件[2.5 V~4.5 V,0.2 C倍率]下,280012首次放电比容量为180 m Ah·g-1,循环性较好。     

ZnO包覆LiNi_(1/3)Co_(1/3)Mn_(1/3)O_2的表面结构和电化学性能

在LiNi1/3Co1/3Mn1/3O2正极材料表面包覆ZnO,通过X射线衍射(XRD)和光电子能谱(XPS)分析包覆层对正极材料表面状态的改变,并考察了改性后材料的放电容量、首次不可逆容量等电化学性能变化.结果表明:ZnO主要存在于材料表面并影响着材料表面组成和电化学性质,材料表面镍和锰的含量随着包覆量的增加而增大;400oC热处理可使过渡金属与锌在材料表面形成复合氧化物,过渡金属的结合能增大;包覆2%(by mass,下同)的ZnO可有效抑制55 oC下充放电时3.6 V附近的不可逆反应,提高了材料的首次库仑效率;包覆2%ZnO的电池材料在55oC/0.5C的放电比容量和循环寿命最佳.     

(C8H8)Sm(C8H8)Na(THF)3的晶体结构

(C_8H_8)Sm(C_8H_8)Na(THF)_3的晶体属单斜晶系,P2_1空间群.晶胞参数为α=12.140(3),b=13.794(3),c=8.944(3)(?),β=111.68(3)°,V=1391.8(7)(?)~3,Z=2,μ=21.93cm~(-1),D_c=1.43g/cm~3,F(000)=610,Mr=598.0。结构经Patterson函数和Fourier技术解出并经最小二乘修正,最终的偏离因子R为0.046.配合物具有双层夹心结构.其中Sm~(3+)和Na~+通过η~8-环辛四烯基连接。     

羰基过渡金属异核原子簇(PPh3)2CuFe2Co(CO)8(μ3-S)和(PPh3)3AuFe2Co(CO)7(μ3-S)的合成与表征

本文利用高压法制备HFe₂Co(CO)₉(μ₃-S),作为原料,经脱质子化作用,再分别与(PPh₃)₂Cu(NO₃)和PPh₃AuCl反应,将Ph₃Cu-或Ph₃Au-联接到原始簇合物的中心骨架上,使簇核扩大,得到了组成为(PPh₃)₂CuFe₂Co(CO)₈(μ₃-S)和(PPh₃)₃AuFe₂Co(CO)₇(μ₃-S)的化合物.文中对此两个新化合物进行了IR,UV,¹H和³¹P NMR.元素分析、熔点测定等性质表征,并对(PPh₃)₂CuFe₂Co(CO)₇(μ₃-S)进行了单晶X-射线衍射分析.两个化合物具有类似的中心骨架,在Fe₂和Co原子三角形的上面和下面分别键联着Cu和S,或Au和S原子,构成了三角双锥结构.其中一个簇合物由二个三苯基膦和八个羰基配位,另一个则由三个三苯基膦和七个羰基配位.     

Small bite angle diphosphines: synthesis of Ph(p-tolyl)PCH2PPh(p-tolyl) upon lithium reduction of Ph2P(p-tolyl)—molecular structure of anti-[Mo(CO)4{Ph(p-tolyl)PCH2PPh(p-tolyl)}]

Lithiation of Ph₂P(p-tolyl) followed by quenching with dichloromethane affords the new diphosphine Ph(p-tolyl)PCH₂PPh(p-tolyl) as a mixture of syn and anti isomers. Upon crystallisation the anti isomer can be isolated relatively pure and reaction of this with [Mo(CO)₄(piperidine)₂] gives anti-[Mo(CO)₄{Ph(p-tolyl)PCH₂PPh(p-tolyl)}] which has been crystallographically characterised. Electronic supplementary material  The online version of this article (doi:) contains supplementary material, which is available to authorized users.

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Stable radical adducts of diisopropylphosphoryl radicals with fullerene complexes (η2-C60)Os(CO)(PPh3)2(CNBut) and (η2-C70)Os(CO)(PPh3)2(CNBut)

It was determined by ESR spectroscopy that the UV irradiation of toluene solutions containing Hg[P(O)(OPrⁱ)₂ and the complex (²-C₆₀)Os(CO)(PPh₃)₂(CNBu^t) produces six stable regioisomeric adducts of phosphoryl radicals with complexes, which are not demetallated under UV irradiation and do not dimerize in the absence of UV irradiation. This is caused by the addition of the phosphoryl radicals to the carbon atoms of fullerene localized near the metal-containing moiety. The addition of the phosphoryl radicals to (²-C₇₀)Os(CO)(PPh₃)₂(CNBu^t) gives rise to the formation of nine stable regioisomeric radical adducts. A comparison of the composition of regioisomers of the radical adducts of C₇₀ with the phosphoryl radicals, which were formed directly from C₇₀ and from the radical adducts of ²-C₇₀)Os(CO)(PPh₃)₂(CNBu^t) by the demetallation of the latter, revealed an orienting effect of the osmium-containing moiety on the addition of the phosphoryl radicals to the fullerene complex.Published in Russian in Izvestiya Akademii Nauk. Seriya Khimicheskaya, No. 9, pp. 1968–1972, September, 2004.     

锂离子电池正极材料LiNi_(1/3)Co_(1/3)Mn_(1/3)O_2的制备及研究

采用水热法合成了LiNi_(1/3)Co_(1/3)Mn_(1/3)O_2作为锂离子电池的正极材料,采用X-射线衍射仪(XRD)、X-射线能谱仪(EDX)、扫描电子显微镜(SEM)对其进行了表征,通过循环伏安(CV)测试、阻抗测试(EIS)和充放电测试探究了其作为正极材料的电化学性能。结果表明:该材料表现出了良好的循环性能和倍率性能,在0.2C(1C=170 mA/g)的电流密度下,其容量为160 mAh/g以上,在0.5C下,首次放电容量为143 mAh/g以上,200个循环后容量仍然有121.5 mAh/g,容量保持率在84%以上。     

Crystal and Molecular Structures of Barium cis(NO2)-trans(N)-Bis(glycinato)dinitrocobaltate(III) Hydrate [Ba(H2O)4][Co(Gly)2(NO2)2]2 · 1.43H2O

Crystals of [Ba(H₂O)₄][Co(Gly)₂(NO₂)₂]₂ · 1.43H₂O (a=8.1917(6) , b=8.4440(4) , c=19.444(1) , =98.189(9)°, Z=2, space group P2/n) contain infinite strips of alternating axially symmetric [Ba(H₂O)₄]²⁺ fragments and two dinitro-bis(glycinato)cobaltate(III) ions. In addition to four oxygen atoms of water molecules, the nearest environment of Ba includes six oxygen atoms of the carboxyl groups of four anions, two of which are also coordinated by the cobalt atoms (Ba-O, 2.77–3.01 ). The nitrite ions do not interact with the Ba²⁺ ions.__________Translated from Koordinatsionnaya Khimiya, Vol. 31, No. 5, 2005, pp. 329–332.Original Russian Text Copyright © 2005 by Zabel, Poznyak, Pawlowski.     

First platinum(ii)–alkaline-earth acetate-bridged complexes Ptii(m-OAc)4Mii(AcOH)4 (M = Ca,Sr, Ba)

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Synthesis and dynamics of atropisomeric (S)-N-(α-phenylethyl)benzamides

The synthesis of atropisomeric 2-substituted benzamides 2a-e, 3a-e, and 4a-e, and characterization by X-ray structure analysis of 2d, 2e, 3c, 3e, 4c, and 4e are reported. Dynamic ¹H NMR spectroscopic studies of benzamides 2b-d, 3b-d, and 4b-d indicate that only two of the four possible rotamers are present in solution, with population ratios ranging between 1.5:1 and 4.1:1. The measured free energy of activation to interconversion of the rotamers ranged from 12.4 to 18.9 kcal mol⁻¹. Benzamides ArCON[(S)-phenethyl]₂ (2e, 3e, and 4e), exhibited atropisomer ratios between 1.7:1 and 1:1, and free energies of interconversion of the rotamers ranged from 11.5 to 17.6 kcal mol⁻¹. The highest rotation barriers were observed for the ortho-nitro derivatives 2a-e. Molecular calculations at the semiempirical level (PM3MM) gave free energies of activation for benzamides 2e and 3e of 23.6 and 12.4 kcal mol⁻¹, respectively, which are comparable to the experimental values.