36种灵芝产品傅里叶变换红外光谱快速鉴别研究

利用傅里叶变换红外光谱法（FTIR）无损快速鉴别了36种灵芝类产品。灵芝、孢子粉和菌丝体的红外谱图差别较显著;不同厂家所生产的灵芝产品由于所选用灵芝的产地不同、所用辅料的种类以及辅料所添加的多少不同,均引起了谱图的相对峰强度和波数位置的改变。结果表明：36种灵芝产品均可以根据红外的特征谱图进行分类鉴别。该方法快速、不需对灵芝产品进行分离提取。     

石墨炉原子吸收法测定灵芝孢子粉中的痕量硒与锗

有机硒、锗具有抗癌，提高人体免疫的功能，已引起许多研究者的关注。灵芝孢子粉含有丰富的营养成分，如灵芝多糖，灵芝酸，腺苷，18种氨基酸及牛黄酸和特有的矿物元素等均起着奇特的功效，这些营养成分在人体中的功效同样引起许多研究者的重视^[1,2]。本文利用日立Z－8000型原子吸收光谱仪，采用石墨炉法测定有机硒、有机锗。     

硒元素灵芝孢子粉治愈癌症

硒是人类生命的火花,灵芝是东方医学的仙草,硒加灵芝孢子粉是1＋1〉2,是质的升华和飞跃,相辅相成。相得益彰。     

灵芝富碘实验中多糖含量变化的探讨

阐述了ＴＷ灵芝在液体深层培养中，进行富集碘实验过程菌丝体多糖含量的变化．实验表明，在ＴＷ灵芝液体培养中添加１０００×１０－６～８０００×１０－６浓度的碘化钾，菌丝体多糖含量为０．９２％～１．５８％．     

黑灵芝中微量元素的形态分布

研究黑灵芝中微量元素含量及溶出特性对黑灵芝质量控制、灵芝产品的合理开发利用有重要作用。用ICP-MS法同时测定黑灵芝中十余种微量元素的初级形态含量及分布,考察了黑灵芝中微量元素在不同极性溶剂中的浸出率,并通过国家一级标准物质验证了分析结果的准确性。结果表明,随着溶剂极性增大,大部分元素的溶出率增大。水提取黑灵芝,铜、锰、铁、锌等元素的提取率均小于40％,对黑灵芝样品进行了加标回收试验,回收率在88．2％～110．6%。     

原子吸收光谱法测定野生及养殖灵芝中10种元素含量

采用火焰原子吸收光谱法测定了养殖及野生灵芝中的铜、钠、铁、钾、镁、钙、锰、锌、锶、铅元素含量。结果表明,野生灵芝和养殖灵芝中均含有较高的钾,其中野生灵芝中铜、钙、锶、锌含量较高,养殖灵芝中钠、铁、镁、锰含量较高。可为探讨野生灵芝与养殖灵芝中含量及其疗效的关联性等提供科学依据。     

灵芝多糖的结构分析

从灵芝菌丝和子实体热水提取液中分离和纯化得到两种多糖，凝胶过滤导析测得分了量分别为３．７×１０＾４和４．２×１０＾４。气相色谱分析表明菌丝体多糖含Ｄ－葡萄糖，Ｄ－半乳糖，Ｄ－甘露糖，Ｄ－木糖，Ｌ－岩藻糖，Ｌ－鼠李糖，其摩尔比为５．３５：２．６７：１．００：１．１９：０．３８：０．３７；子实体多糖含Ｄ－葡萄糖，Ｄ－半乳糖，Ｄ－甘露糖，Ｄ－木糖，Ｌ－阿拉伯糖，Ｌ－鼠李糖，其摩尔比为５．８２：２．２３；     

食用菌类中矿物质元素的研究

用火焰原子吸收分光光度法对广东清远笔架山的 1 7种食用菌、 2种木耳及灵芝中赤芝的 8种矿物质元素进行了测定。结果表明 ,食用菌类是优质食品 ,富含对人体有益的微量元素 ,有较高营养价值     

灵芝孢子的微量元素含量和药理应用分析

为了更深入研究灵芝孢子的药理作用和治疗功效，用电感耦合高频等离子体光谱法测定了四种不同产地、不同等级的灵芝孢子中的20种元素含量。结果表明，四种孢子成分基本不受产地和等级的影响，其中以钴(Co)、铬(Cr)、硒(Se)含量最高，从而更证实了灵芝孢子是抗肿瘤、降血糖、保护心脑血管、提高身体素质的一种健康营养品。     

石墨炉原子吸收法测定虫草花中铅含量的不确定度评定

测量虫草花中铅元素含量并对其结果的不确定度进行评定,为准确测定虫草花中铅含量提供参考依据。依据GB 5009.12—2017《食品安全标准食品中铅的测定》和相关不确定度评定规范,建立了虫草花铅含量测量不确定度评定的数学模型,对各影响因素进行了系统的分析,比较全面的分析了其不确定度的来源。虫草花中铅含量为(0.425±0.012)mg/kg(k=2),测量不确定度评定分量数据显示,在虫草花中铅元素含量的测定过程中,测量重复性、标准溶液、样品处理引入的不确定度分量较大,是其不确定度来源的重要方面。控制测量过程,选择合适的重复次数、标准溶液配制方法以及消解方法可以减小测量结果的不确定度。     

各种栽培因子下培养的灵芝无机元素含量比较测定

研究表明,不同产地、段木材料和采收期所产出的灵芝,其无机元素含量有明显差异,为筛选最佳的灵芝野外生长条件提供了可靠依据。     

Chemotaxonomy of Triterpenoid Pattern of HPLC of Ganoderma lucidum and Ganoderma tsugae

Three strains of Ganoderma tsugae (CCRC36065, CCRC37034, CCRC37038) and three strains of Ganoderma lucidum (CCRC36021, CCRC37029, CCRC37033) were cultivated. Their triterpenoid patterns of the fruit body were analyzed by reverse phase HPLC using a gradient elution of acetonitrile/2% acetic acid (1/4 and 1/2). The triterpenoid patterns of G. tsugae and G. lucidum are different. But similar 2 and 3 dimensional patterns are obtained among three strains of G. tsugae. Different patterns are found among different strains of G. lucidum. Ganoderic acid A( 1 ), B( 2 ), C( 3 ) and D( 4 ) were isolated from the ethanol extract of G. tsugae.     

灵芝多糖的结构特征分析

采用沸水回流法从灵芝子实体中提取多糖,经Sevage法除蛋白,乙醇沉淀,离心、透析、膜分离,浓缩、冻干后得灵芝多糖。经HIO4氧化、Smith降解及甲基化反应,并利用多糖及刚果红混合液在碱性溶液中的波长的红移变化,通过UV-VIS,IR,GC,GC-MS,NMR对灵芝水提多糖的结构特征及三螺旋体结构进行分析研究。结果表明:灵芝多糖含有三螺旋体构型,GC-MS分析灵芝多糖的主要单糖组分为葡萄糖,还有少量的半乳糖、甘露糖、木糖和艾杜糖,IR及1HNMR分析多糖为β-构型,HIO4氧化、Smith降解和甲基化分析表明:多糖主要为(1→3)糖苷键连接构型,并伴有少量的1→6位支链键连接的结构,灵芝多糖是由D-葡萄糖单元通过β-(1→3)糖苷键连接葡聚多糖,其主要构型特征为(1→3)β-D-线性连接的骨架结构。     

Studies on the Constituents of Ganoderma Lucidum

The methanolic extract of fruit bodies of cultivated Ganoderma lucidum was separated by silica gel column chromatography and preparative thin-layer chromatography to give ten compounds. On the basis of spectral analysis, chemical procedures and gas chromatography, d-mannitol (1), ergosta-7, 22-dien-3β-yl palmitate (2), ergosterol (3), ergosta-7, 22-dien-3β-ol (4), 5α-lanosta-7,9(11),24-trien-3β,26-diol (5), ergosterol peroxide (6), 24,25,26-trihydroxy-5α-lanosta-7,9(11)-dien-3-one (7), 5α-lanosta-7,9(11)-dien-3β,24,25,26-tetraol (8) and 8,9-epoxyergosta-5,22-dien-3β,15-diol (9) were identified. Among these compounds, 8,9-epoxyergosta-5,22-dien-3β,15-diol was first separated from Ganoderma lucidum.     

傅立叶变换离子回旋共振质谱法对赤灵芝的化学成分鉴定和指纹图谱研究

建立了基于傅立叶变换离子回旋共振超高分辨质谱(FTICR-MS)的赤灵芝化学成分鉴定和指纹图谱分析方法,并应用于不同产地赤灵芝样品的来源区分。样品采用50%甲醇进行回流提取后,以流动注射的进样方式进行直接质谱分析。以ESI离子源在负离子模式下进行检测,质荷比扫描范围为100～1 000 Da。采用精确分子量测定和碰撞诱导解离实验进行化学成分鉴定,通过与文献进行比对,共鉴定出63种化学成分(1种萜烯醛、3种糖、4种三萜醇、6种有机酸和49种三萜酸类成分)。采用聚类分析和主成分分析(PCA)对所获得的质谱指纹图谱进行统计学分析,在95%的置信区间下,多个批次不同产地的赤灵芝样品得到了较好的来源区分。研究结果表明该方法可实现赤灵芝的直接、快速、高效分析和指纹图谱研究,在中药分析领域有着广阔的应用前景。     

Natural products of the medicinal fungus Ganoderma lucidum: occurrence,biological activities,and pharmacological functions

Ganoderma lucidum, a fungus used in traditional Chinese medicine, produces polysaccharides and oxygenated triterpenoids with a very broad spectrum of biological activities and pharmacological functions. Among the Ganoderma triterpenoids, many pairs of C-3 alpha/beta stereoisomers and C-3/C-15 positional isomers have been identified. Biosynthetic study has indicated that the C-3alpha series of oxygenated triterpenoids is derived from the C-3beta series via an oxidation-reduction pathway. The interaction of Ganoderma triterpenoids with human platelets in the induction of aggregation and inhibition of agonist-induced aggregation and signal transduction has been elucidated. Reduction of cellular mevalonate content to a stage in which cholesterol synthesis is strongly inhibited and cell growth is marginally arrested sensitizes hepatoma cells to the oxygenated triterpenoids. A combination treatment of lovastatin and Ganoderma triterpenoids in animal studies has exhibited a potential anticancer effect.     

Purification and Characterization of Cyclic AMP-Binding Protein from Ganoderma lucidum

Cyclic AMP-binding protein was purified 30 fold from the mycelia of Ganoderma lucidum by the methods of ammonium sulfate precipitation, DEAE-cellulose, phospho-cellulose ion exchange chromatography and Sephacryl S-100 gel filtration. The molecular mass of the purified protein is 34.5 kDa and 17 kDa by Sephacryl S-100 gel filtration and SDS-ployacrylamide gel electrophoresis, respectively. From these results it is suggested that the protein has a homometric dimmer structure. The pI of the purified protein is pH 8.2 by native isoelectric focusing gel. The half-life of the protein activity in 10% glycerol at 4 ℃ is 7 d in crude extract, but its half-life is only 3 d under purifying conditions. The optimal conditions of the protein activity are at 1 ℃ and pH 7.5. Its activity is increased 6 times by 1 mmol/L Zn^2 and is slightly inhibited by cGMP,Cu^2 and Mn^2 .     

灵芝子实体水溶性多糖的分离和分子量测定

用磷酸盐缓冲液、热水、碱和热碱水分别从灵芝子实体分离出五种水溶性杂多糖ＧＬ１、ＧＬ２、ＧＬ３、ＧＬ４和ＧＬ５．紫外光谱、红外光谱、气相色谱及硫酸咔唑分析结果表明，它们主要由葡聚糖、木糖、甘露糖、半乳糖组成，ＧＬ３、ＧＬ４和ＧＬ５含葡萄糖醛酸．由粘度、光散射和膜渗透压法测定了特性粘度［η］、重均分子量Ｍｗ及数均分子量Ｍｎ，ＧＬ２、ＧＬ３和ＧＬ５多糖的Ｍｗ值分别为１２４×１０４、１２８×１０４和５８×１０４．实验结果表明这些杂多糖含水溶性Ｄ 葡聚糖，并且初步推断，用磷酸盐缓冲液提取出的杂多糖ＧＬ２中包含刚性链β Ｄ 葡聚糖     

Structure elucidation and complete NMR spectral assignments of three new lanostanoid triterpenes with unprecedented Delta(16, 17) double bond from Ganoderma lucidum

Three new lanostanoid triterpenes named 3beta,7beta-di- hydroxy-11,15,23-trioxo-lanost-8,16-dien-26-oic acid (1), 3beta,7beta-dihydroxy-11,15,23-trioxo-lanost-8,16-dien-26-oic acid methyl ester (2), and 12beta-acetoxy-3beta,7beta-dihydroxy-11,15,23-trioxo-lanost-8,16-dien-26-oic acid (3) were isolated from the fruit bodies of Ganoderma lucidum. They all show a Delta(16, 17) double bond unprecedented in such types of lanostanoid triterpenes possessing the side chain at C-17. The complete NMR assignments for these compounds were carried out using (1)H, (13)C, DEPT, COSY, HSQC, HMBC, and ROESY NMR experiments.     

平盖灵芝中锌锰铜铁含量分析

采用火焰原子吸收分光光度法测定了辽宁产平盖灵芝（本品）中Ｚｎ,Ｍｎ,Ｃｕ,Ｆｅ的含量。结果表明,本品中含有丰富的Ｚｎ,Ｍｎ,Ｃｕ,Ｆｅ,且含量均比黑龙江所产品种高。为探讨不同产地,同一品种药材间微量元素差异及药效与微量元素之间关系提供了参考数据。