SO2-4/SnO2催化剂的制备及其对苯硝化反应的催化活性

采用(NH4)2SO4溶液浸渍法制备了一系列SO2-4/SnO2催化剂(Cat-n,n=5,10,15,20),其结构经IR表征.以Cat-10(焙烧温度500℃)催化苯液相硝化反应的研究结果表明,引入SO2-4后催化剂的活性显著增加,硝基苯产率63.8%.     

Ce-SBA-15的制备及其苯酚甲醇烷基化性能

采用后合成法制备Ce-SBA-15介孔分子筛.通过XRD、N_2吸附-脱附、SEM、EDS、NH_3-TPD、Py-FTIR和TGDTA手段对样品进行表征.结果表明,Ce-SBA-15催化剂具有介孔结构,活性组分CeO_2能够很好地分散在载体表面.在固定床反应装置上,考察了Ce负载量、焙烧温度和焙烧时间对Ce-SBA-15催化苯酚甲醇烷基化性能的影响.最佳组成和制备条件为:Ce负载量为15%,焙烧温度为550℃,焙烧时间为4.5 h.在苯酚/甲醇摩尔比1/4,反应温度460℃,质量空速3.0 h~(-1),常压的条件下,Ce-SBA-15分子筛催化苯酚甲醇烷基化性能最好,苯酚转化率达到66.89%,邻甲酚选择性达到55.43%.     

SO_4~(2-)/SnO_2催化剂的制备及其对苯硝化反应的催化活性

采用(NH4)2SO4溶液浸渍法制备了一系列SO42-/SnO2催化剂(Cat-n,n=5,10,15,20),其结构经IR表征。以Cat-10(焙烧温度500℃)催化苯液相硝化反应的研究结果表明,引入SO24-后催化剂的活性显著增加,硝基苯产率63.8%。     

Co/Hβ催化剂上N_2O的分解性能研究

采用浸渍法制备了Hβ分子筛负载钴氧化物催化剂。考察了催化剂焙烧温度和钴负载量对催化剂催化分解N2O活性的影响,并采用XRD、NH3-TPD、H2-TPR、SEM等手段对催化剂的理化性质进行表征。结果表明,催化剂中的钴物种主要以Co3O4尖晶石型形态存在;催化剂焙烧温度显著影响其酸性和酸量及氧化还原性能,焙烧温度达到700℃后,催化剂中有难还原的Co-Al-O物种生成。焙烧温度和钴负载量对催化剂的催化活性均有影响,焙烧温度为600℃、钴负载量为10%~15%的催化剂催化活性好,N2O分解温度低,t10、t50和t95分别为325~329℃、364~367℃和406~408℃。     

KF/MgO 催化碳酸二甲酯与月桂醇酯交换合成碳酸二月桂酯

 研究了 KF/MgO 催化剂对碳酸二甲酯 (DMC) 与月桂醇酯交换反应制备碳酸二月桂酯 (DDC) 的催化性能. 考察了催化剂 KF 负载量及焙烧温度对反应的影响, 并采用 X 射线衍射、傅里叶变换红外光谱、扫描电镜和 N2 吸附-脱附等对催化剂进行了表征. 结果表明, 催化剂 KF/MgO 在空气中较高温度焙烧后生成新相 K2MgF4 和 K2CO3, 它们为催化剂的主要活性组分. 催化性能测试结果表明, 该催化剂具有良好的催化活性, KF 的最佳负载量为 30%, 催化剂的最佳焙烧温度为 873 K. 还考察了反应条件对 KF/MgO 催化剂性能的影响. 当在反应物月桂醇:DMC 摩尔比 = 4, 催化剂用量为反应物总质量的 0.75%, 反应时间为 4 h 的条件下, 反应性能最佳, DMC 转化率和 DDC 收率分别为 86.7% 和 86.2%.     

CuY型分子筛制备及吸附脱硫影响因素研究

通过液相离子交换法制备CuY型分子筛,并利用正交实验得到了制备过程中交换时间、交换温度、铜离子浓度的最佳条件。系统研究了CuY分子筛的焙烧温度、吸附时间、吸附温度对其吸附脱除模拟油中二苯并噻吩(DBT)的影响。采用XRD、ICP及BET比表面积分别对不同CuY分子筛的骨架结构及阳离子负载量进行了研究。结果表明,二次交换后,分子筛已达到交换平衡,最佳焙烧温度为450℃,温度过高会破坏分子筛的骨架结构;分子筛上的吸附水对其吸附脱除二苯并噻吩的能力有较大的影响。     

焙烧温度对Ti(SO4)2/CS催化二甲醚直接氧化合成聚甲氧基二甲醚性能的影响

采用等体积浸渍法制备了活性炭球(CS)负载Ti(SO4)2的双功能催化剂,考察了焙烧温度对Ti(SO4)2/CS催化剂选择氧化二甲醚(DME)直接合成聚甲氧基二甲醚(DMMx)催化性能的影响.结果表明,不同焙烧温度制备的Ti(SO4)2/CS催化剂表现出明显的催化活性差异,280℃焙烧的30％Ti(SO4)2/CS催化...     

钴负载量和焙烧温度对F-T合成用Co/Al_2O_3催化剂活性的影响

对用于F T合成制液态烃的Co/Al2 O3 催化剂进行了程序升温还原研究 ,确定了合适的还原活化温度 (约6 0 0～ 80 0K) ,同时考察了钴负载量和焙烧温度对催化剂活性的影响 .结果表明 ,钴负载量和焙烧温度对C5+ 收率的影响十分显著 .用CODEX优化软件对钴负载量和催化剂焙烧温度进行了优化 .结果表明 ,比较理想的钴负载量为 11 6 % ,焙烧温度为 6 5 1K .XRD测试结果表明 ,在较高温度焙烧的催化剂由于易生成CoAl2 O4 尖晶石 ,导致催化剂的活性显著降低     

La和KF改性Y型分子筛催化丙烯醛二乙缩醛/氨合成吡啶和3-甲基吡啶

在连续流动固定床反应中,以丙烯醛二乙缩醛、水和氨为原料,合成了吡啶和3-甲基吡啶。 比较了La-和KF-改性Y型分子筛的活性大小,考察了La负载量和改性方式、KF负载量及KF/Y的焙烧温度的影响。 研究结果表明,与纯Y型分子筛相比,La和KF改性Y型分子筛均能增强催化活性。 采用浸渍法和La负载量为1%(质量分数)时,吡啶和3-甲基吡啶总收率达到最高值;与浸渍法相比,采用离子交换法制备La-Y的活性更好。 采用浸渍法、KF负载量为1%(质量分数)和KF/Y的焙烧温度为700 ℃时,吡啶和3-甲基吡啶总收率达到最大值。     

KOH/4A分子筛催化剂对环氧丙烷、二氧化碳和甲醇合成碳酸二甲酯反应的催化性能

 首次开发出对环氧丙烷、二氧化碳和甲醇合成碳酸二甲酯反应具有较高活性和稳定性的KOH/4A分子筛固体催化剂,考察了反应温度和催化剂活性组分KOH的负载量等因素对催化剂性能的影响. 在优化的实验条件下,环氧丙烷可以完全转化,碳酸二甲酯的收率为168%. 从实验结果推测,产物碳酸二甲酯是由环氧丙烷和二氧化碳加成生成碳酸丙烯酯,然后与甲醇发生酯交换反应生成的,甲醇对环氧丙烷和二氧化碳合成碳酸丙烯酯反应具有助催化作用.     

利用手持技术改进测定乙醇分子结构实验

利用压强传感器代替排水集气法,改进测定乙醇分子结构实验的仪器装置,并探索最佳反应条件。另外,设计两个空白实验,结合压强变化曲线对实验误差进行相关讨论。     

光谱仪测试范围的扩展

由于石化行业的生产需要，其材质的使用具有多样性和广泛性，经常会出现顾客委托的测试样品的一个或几个元素跨越光谱仪现有测试程序测量范围的情况。本法通过对光谱仪测试原理的认识，根据光谱仪的测试能力及标样的采集，实现了一个或几个元素测量范围的扩展，并对其测量的影响因素进行了研究。     

Influence of viscosity of medium on processes of oxygen quenching of excited states of mesoporphyrin

The oxygen quenching rate constants for singlet and triplet excited states of the dimethyl ester of mesoporphyrin IX increase with decreasing viscosity of the medium and reach a maximum at a viscosity of approximately 0.4 mPa·sec, after which the rate constants begin to decrease. The drop in rate constant with increasing fluidity of the medium may be related to a nonequilibrium character of the elementary act in the interaction of the reactants in the solvent cage. In viscous media such as isopropyl alcohol, isobutyl alcohol, and isoamyl alcohol, the reaction radius is greater than the sum of the radii of the reacting particles. The long-range character of these processes is due to the relatively weak dependence of the quenching probability on distance.Translated from Teoreticheskaya i Éksperimental'naya Khimiya, Vol. 25, No. 2, pp. 161–167, March–April, 1989.     

Dichroism of absorption and polarization of phosphorescence of molecules of the closed form of nitrobenzospirothiopyran

The spectral-polarization characteristics of absorption and phosphorescence of molecules of the initial form of nitro-substituted indolinospirobenzothiopyran were studied in oriented polyethylene films and in solutions with different polarity. An oscillator model of the electron transitions responsible for the formation of absorption and luminescence spectra was suggested. It was established that the principal differences in the spectral and photophysical properties of the compound studied and its oxygen-containing analog are associated with the fact that the electronegativity of the S atom is lower than that of the O atom. Translated fromIzvestiya Akademii Nauk. Seriya Khimicheskaya, No. 6, pp. 1143–1146, June, 1997.     

Determination of heats of detonation and influence of components of composite explosives on heats of detonation of high explosives

The heats of detonation of 20 simple high explosives and explosive mixtures were determined by means of an adiabatic detonation calorimeter designed by the authors. The results indicated that the performance of the instrument was reliable and the experimental data were very accurate. For explosive mixtures, there was a linear accumulative relationship between the heats of detonation of the explosive mixture and its components. Accordingly, the heats of detonation of explosive mixtures could be calculated directly from the heats of detonation of simple explosives and the characteristic heats of other components. The experiments showed that the gold or brass shell of the cylindrical charge could be substituted by a thick-walled porcelain shell, which had the advantage of cheapness.

     

物质分配系数的测定实验改进

实验教学目的是从解决实际问题出发,以实验技术训练和实验设计思想培养为目标。介绍了将单一的物质分配系数测定实验改进为综合实验,提高了实验效果及实验资源利用率。     

Neutral diterpenoids of oleoresins of five species of conifers of Transcarpathia

The compositions of the neutral diterpenoids of the oleoresins of five species of conifers growing in the Transcarpathia have been studied. It has been found that the oleoresins ofAbies alba M.,Larix decidua M., andPicea excelsa L. contain more than 50% of neutral diterpenoids. The group and qualitative compositions of the oxygen-containing diterpenoids have been determined. In the oleoresins ofAbies alba,Picea excelsa, andPicea abies tertiary alcohols — cis-abienol and isocembrol — predominate, while inLarix decidua the main component is the hydroxy ester larixyl acetate. Primary alcohols related to the resin acids have been found in all the oleoresins investigated. Features of the distribution of diterpenoids according to the species of conifers have been revealed. The results obtained are necessary for the chemotaxonomy of conifers of the family Pinceae.Novosibirsk Institute of Organic Chemistry, Siberian Branch, Academy of Sciences of the USSR. Translated from Khimiya Prirodynkh Soedinenii, No. 6, pp. 812–816, November–December, 1988.     

Calculation of enthalpies of hydrogenation of hydrocarbons

Sets of hydrogen molecule equivalents have been developed which permit the calculation of hydrogenation of different types of carbon-carbon bonds from ab initio total energies (3-21G and 6-31G* basis sets, and, to a more limited extent, for MP2/6-31G* data) of reactants and products. The calculated enthalpies of hydrogenation are in good agreement with experiment for unstrained molecules, with average errors on the order of 2 kcal/mol. The 6-31G* equivalents allow the enthalpies for strained molecules to be calculated accurately, but the 3-21G equivalents do not. The equivalents for both basis sets have been tested by calculating the enthalpies of hydrogenation of carbon-carbon bonds in nitrogen- and oxygen-containing organic molecules, free radicals, and classical carbocations. The results are in good agreement with experiment in most cases.     

非那雄胺合成工艺改进

非那雄胺能抑制5α-还原酶的活性,明显降低二氢睾酮水平,是一种治疗良性前列腺增生的有效药品。该合成工艺以甾烯酮酸为原料,将其与氯化亚砜反应,无须分离即与叔丁胺反应得17β-酰胺化合物,再氧化开环,环合,氢化,脱氢合成了非那雄胺。经元素分析、IR、1HNMR、13CNMR、MS分析表征了其结构。该法无须使用昂贵的2,2-二吡啶二硫化物和剧毒药品苯亚硒酸酐,且以乙酸铵代替氨气,降低了对设备的要求和腐蚀,更适用于工业生产。