Dicke模型的量子混沌和单粒子相干动力学特性

量子化的Dicke模型在非旋波近似条件下表现为量子混沌动力学特征.利用单粒子一阶时间关联函数,通过数值计算详细考察了Dicke模型中单粒子相干动力学特性.结果表明:当初始相干态处在混沌区域时,一阶时间关联函数曲线衰减较快,而当初始相干态处在规则区域时,一阶时间关联函数曲线衰减较慢,单粒子相干动力学对初态具有较强的敏感性,经典混沌抑制量子相干.考察单粒子相干动力学在相空间的平均演化性质,得到一种较好的量子经典对应关系.最后研究了相空间单粒子相干的整体动力学性质,更好地揭示了相空间的混沌和规则结构.     

颗粒相干发射源的2π和3π玻色-爱因斯坦关联

在假设由同一颗粒发射的π介子为相干发射的条件下, 给出了颗粒发射源模型的2π及3π关联函数, 发射源的混沌性随颗粒数目的增加而增大. 此外, 对颗粒相干发射源及部分相干高斯源的归一化纯3π关联进行比较, 发现当2π关联的混沌性参量小于0.8时, 两种发射源的归一化纯3π关联值在小Q₃区域有明显差别.     

重离子核反应中核子的穿梭加速机制

本文讨论中高能核-核反应中一种加速核子的机制.其要点是:入射核的部分核子在靶核和入射核的其余部分之间往返穿梭碰撞并被加速.基于经典模型的计算表明,在经过一次往返碰撞后,出射粒子的最高能量是平均入射能量的1.33倍.计算了发射高能核子的产生截面、能谱和角分布.     

核子发射数的数学模拟:扩展BUU模型

本文在原来BUU方法的基础上,辨认了靶核与炮弹中的中、质子,同时在模拟核子的初始分布中考虑了小液滴模型修正,引入了表面弥散度、中子皮和形变参数等,使核子的分布更真实,这对丰中子、丰质子核反应以及非对称核反应尤为重要.考虑到中能核反应时,自由核子-核截面中,不同核子间的散射截面大约是同类核子间散射截面的三倍的事实,在BUU碰撞项中体现了这一点,这样可合理地取出不同核子-核子间碰撞流的问题.我们在利用这个扩展的BUU模型研究44Mev/A Kr+Au反应之前,有效地检验了模型的稳定性问题,并在文中合理地定义了核子发射的条件,得到了反应过程中弹核擦碎的中子、质子数与碰撞参数的关系以及类弹靶的关联.     

高能Cu+Cu碰撞中末态带电粒子赝快度分布的能量与对心度依赖性

利用Glauber模型,给出了核-核碰撞中的参与者数及二元核子-核子碰撞数与碰撞参数的解析关系,并以此为基础,在考虑到参与者由于多重碰撞而引起的能量损失效应后,通过有效二元核子-核子碰撞末态带电粒子赝快度分布的加权叠加,建立起了以碰撞参数为自变量的核-核碰撞末态带电粒子的赝快度分布函数,并用其分析了RHIC-PHOBOS合作组在不同能量与不同对心度的Cu+Cu碰撞中所做的实验测量。所得结果与实验符合得较好。     

中能重离子碰撞动力学过程中的介质效应

本文对BUU方程碰撞项中的核子-核子碰撞截面分别采用有介质和无介质两种情况下的数据,系统地计算了重离子碰撞中介质效应对于集体流的影响.从有介质核碰撞截面和无介质核子碰撞截面随入射核子能量变化的规律合理地解释了介质效应对重离子碰撞横动量,流角等物理量的明显影响.分析这些影响可以看出在该能区和只考虑核子-核子弹性碰撞,π产生和π吸收的情况下介质效应与核物质状态方程的密切关系.     

模拟计算低能重离子注入彩棉种子的深度

采用蒙特卡罗方法,模拟计算了20keVTi+注入彩棉种子的深度-浓度分布。核碰撞能量损失采用经典的两体碰撞理论,电子能量损失用Lindhard-Scharff公式,计算得到Ti+在彩棉种子中的最可几深度是6.66μm,与实验结果非常接近。表明理论模型建立相对合理,为研究低能重离子与生物体之间的相互提供了理论基础。     

中低速C3+与He,Ne,Ar原子相互作用过程中单电子转移绝对截面的测量

实验测量了1.7v0-4.2v0(v0为玻尔速度,v0=2.19×108 cm/s)的C3+与He,Ne,Ar原子碰撞过程中单电子转移绝对截面.将实验结果与多体经典轨道蒙特卡罗模拟计算结果做了比较,发现测量结果与多体经典轨道蒙特卡罗模拟计算结果在趋势上相符.当入射离子速度在1.7v0-2.0v0时,因多体经典轨道蒙特卡罗方法计算时不能考虑多电子关联态俘获和极化效应的影响,实验值大于计算值.当入射离子速度在2.2v0-4.2v0时,由于被俘获电子对入射离子的不完全屏蔽,加上电子间的动态关联及有效电荷的影响,实验结果先与多体经典轨道蒙特卡罗计算结果符合很好,而后逐渐大于计算值.此外,还根据转移电离与单电子俘获的截面比简单分析了转移电离机制.     

同位旋相关的核子碰撞截面的不同形式与核子的集体流

在详细比较同位旋相关的核子-核子碰撞截面的几种常用形式的基础上,利用IBUU模型, 分别对具有相同质量的⁶⁰Ca+⁶⁰Ca和⁶⁰Ni+⁶⁰Ni的中能重离子碰撞进行了模拟计算,定量地分析了碰撞过程中不同形式的同位旋相关的核子-核子碰撞截面对于核子的快度分布和集体流的影响.结果显示: 不同形式的核子碰撞截面,可以给出相差较大的核子的快度分布和横向流, 但在同一种截面形式下,对称势的变化对横向流的影响较小.这表明在新的动量相关的对称势下, 中能重离子碰撞中集体流对于截面的敏感性依然成立;同时表明,在相同的碰撞截面和对称势形式下, 当入射能量在平衡能附近时,入射粒子的中质比对核子在平面流的影响较大,反之,影响较小.     

(sNN)1/2=200 GeV的d+Au碰撞中末态带电粒子赝快度分布的对心度依赖性

将核子-核子碰撞末态带电粒子的生成源分为二元核子 核子碰撞与带头粒子两部分, 给出了末态带电粒子的赝快度分布与入射能量间的解析关系。 以此为基础, 将核 核碰撞末态带电粒子的生成源分为二元核子-核子碰撞、 带头粒子与旁观者3部分, 建立起了以碰撞参数与束流能量为自变量的末态带电粒子的赝快度分布, 并用其分析了BNL-RHIC-PHOBOS合作组在sNN=200 GeV的不同d+Au对心度碰撞中所做的实验测量。 所得结果与实验符合得很好。 We divide the particle generating sources in nucleon-nucleon collisions into two parts: binary collisions and leading particles, and present the analytical relation between charged particle pseudorapidity distributions and incident energy. On the basis of this work, we classify the particle generating sources in nucleus-nucleus collisions into three parts:binary collisions,leading particles and spectators,and formulate the charged particle pseudorapidity distributions as the function of incident energy and impact parameter. We then analyze with the model the experimental measurements in d+Au collisions at sNN=200 GeV. The theoretical results are well consistent with experimental data.     

Effects of source opacity and expansion on two-pion Bose-Einstein correlations

We examine two-pion Bose-Einstein correlations for partially coherent particle-emitting sources within quantum statistical formalism, where the sources are treated as classical currents with chaotic and coherent components. The two-pion correlation functions of the partially coherent sources contain a phase which is sensitive to the asymmetry of the source emission function. We investigate the influence of source opacity and expansion in high energy heavy ion collisions on the phase by Monte Carlo calculati...     

Classical microscopic description of U + U collisions

Calculations simulating head-on collisions between two mass-235 nuclei are made using classical kinematics, Monte-Carlo methods, and nucleon-nucleon cross sections. The calculated ratio of maximum particle density to the pre-collision nuclear density is ≈ 2 or 3, depending on details of the nucleon-nucleon scattering mechanism used.     

Dynamical aspects of intermediate-energy nucleus-nucleus collisions

The Uehling-Uhlenbeck collision term is derived from coupled equations of motion for the one-body density matrix and the two-body correlation function as obtained from the density-matrix hierarchy. The respective approximations introduced are related with energy and momentum conservation in single nucleon-nucleon collisions and found numerically to be approximately valid for energetic nucleon-nucleon collisions in case of intermediate energy heavy-ion reactions. Primary collision times of nucleons in the dinuclear reaction zone are calculated for various laboratory energies and the approach to local equilibrium is followed in time. Average relaxation times for highly excited finite nuclear systems are found to be considerably shorter than for related infinite nuclear matter problems, however, still too large as to allow for the formation of hot spots in nuclei.     

Cold nuclear matter effects on J/ψ yields as a function of rapidity and nuclear geometry in d+A collisions at sqrt[s(NN)]=200 GeV

We present measurements of J/ψ yields in d+Au collisions at sqrt[s(NN)]=200 GeV recorded by the PHENIX experiment and compare them with yields in p+p collisions at the same energy per nucleon-nucleon collision. The measurements cover a large kinematic range in J/ψ rapidity (-2.2相似文献   

Nuclear electromagnetic bremsstrahlung: A new tool for studying heavy-ion reactions

The classical theory of bremsstrahlung is applied to heavy-ion reactions. The two interacting nuclei are treated as collections of individual nucleons. It is shown that the electromagnetic radiation produced during the interaction may be separated into two components. A coherent component is related to the ordered motion of the nucleons in the entrance channel. The amount of collectivity is directly and simply related to the wavelength of the radiation, longest wavelengths corresponding to larger collectivity. The coherent component yields results on the timescale of the initial part of the reaction. An incoherent component reflects the disordered part of the motion of the nucleons. This component gives information on the total number of nucleon-nucleon collisions which take place during the reaction. A comparison is made with existing experimental data and points for a characteristic stopping time of 3 × 10^?23 s for a ¹²C projectile impinging upon a ¹⁹⁷Au target at 84 MeV/nucleon. The low-energy part of the experimental γ-spectrum is attributed to the heated compound system with a temperature of 6 MeV. The average number of collisions per nucleon would then be of order 30. We show that bremsstrahlung γ-emission may be expected even in low-energy heavy-ion collisions at the μb/MeV · sr level for γ-ray energies larger than 20 to 30 MeV.     

Two-body nucleon-nucleon correlations in Glauber-like models

We investigate the role of the central two-body nucleon-nucleon correlations on typical quantities observed in relativistic heavy-ion collisions. Basic correlation measures, such as the fluctuations of the participant eccentricity, initial size fluctuations, or the fluctuations of the number of sources producing particles, are sensitive at the level 10–20% to the inclusion of the two-body correlations. However, the realistic correlation function gives virtually indistinguishable results from the hard-core repulsion with the expulsion distance set to ∼0.9 fm. In the second part of the talk we compare the spherical and Gaussian wounding profiles and find that the latter, which is more realistic, leads to reduced eccentricity and fluctuations. This has significance for precision studies of the elliptic flow.     

Semiclassical approaches to proton emission in intermediate-energy heavy-ion reactions

Semiclassical approaches are proposed for studying the transition between one- and two-body processes in intermediate-energy heavy-ion collisions. The Landau-Vlasov equation is used as a transport equation for nucleons in the nuclear matter. We apply our formalism to the fast proton ejection. On the one hand, the effects of the nucleon-nucleon collisions are studied for particles which travel through the nucleus cores. On the other hand, inertial emission turns out to be an important proton-emission mechanism. Our results conflict with the interpretation of the proton spectra in terms of moving sources. Reasonable agreement with the experimental data are found without reference to any thermal equilibrium.