Synthesis of new <Emphasis Type="Italic">N</Emphasis>-aminoglycosides based on halo-substituted <Emphasis Type="Italic">p</Emphasis>-phenylenediamines and <Emphasis Type="Italic">p</Emphasis>-aminophenols

Condensation of the monosaccharides D-glucose and D-galactose with synthesized halo-substituted p-phenylenediamines and 4-amino-2,6-dibromophenol was studied. It was found that glycosylation occurred only at the 4-amino group that was sterically unhindered by the halogen atom. The position of the aglycon in the glycoside was established by PMR spectroscopy.     

Infrared spectra of Hoffmann-<Emphasis Type="Italic">T</Emphasis><Subscript><Emphasis Type="Italic">d</Emphasis></Subscript>-type benzene clathrates

Six new title compounds in the form of Cd(cyclobutylamine)₂M′(CN)₄ · 2G (M′ = Cd or Hg; G = benzene, 1,2-dichlorobenzene, or 1,3-dichlorobenzene) have been prepared in powder form. Their spectral data were found to be consistent with the structure of the Hofmann-T _d -type clathrates.     

Physico-chemical characterization of anhydrous <Emphasis Type="Italic">D</Emphasis>-mannitol

In this work the solid-state characterization of anhydrous D-mannitol has been performed: α and β modifications can be distinguished only by XRPD and FTIR as they show melting temperature and enthalpy that are the same within the standard deviation. The understanding of the thermal behaviour of the δ form (obtained by re-crystallization in acetone) has required XRPD experiments performed at variable temperature. This form during heating undergoes a solid phase transition to α modification. By cooling a melted sample, under a wide range of experimental conditions, a very fast crystallization occurs. Independently of the starting crystal form (β or δ form), the re-crystallization of D-mannitol from melt always leads to α form.     

Synthesis from geraniol of (2<Emphasis Type="Italic">E</Emphasis>,6<Emphasis Type="Italic">E</Emphasis>,10<Emphasis Type="Italic">E</Emphasis>,14<Emphasis Type="Italic">E</Emphasis>)-16-hydroxygeranylgeraniol and some of its derivatives

Several α,ω-bifunctional derivatives of E,E,E-geranylgeraniol were prepared via convergent synthesis starting with geraniol (8), which was converted in three steps into the tetrahydropyranyl ether of 8-chlorogeraniol (9) and 8-hydroxygeranylphenylsulfone (10). Combination of synthons 9 and 10 with subsequent reductive removal of the phenylsulfonyl group produced the tetrahydropyranyl ether of ω-hydroxygeranylgeraniol (5), hydrolysis of which gave exclusively trans-ω-hydroxygeranylgeraniol (1). Derivatives 5–7 of geranylgeraniol were synthesized using standard methods. __________ Translated from Khimiya Prirodnykh Soedinenii, No. 3, pp. 231–234, May–June, 2007.     

Structure and photochromism of 2-(<Emphasis Type="Italic">N</Emphasis>-acyl-<Emphasis Type="Italic">N</Emphasis>-arylaminomethylene)benzo[<Emphasis Type="Italic">b</Emphasis>]thiophen-3(2<Emphasis Type="Italic">H</Emphasis>)-ones

It was shown by electron absorption spectroscopy and X-ray diffraction analysis that steric strains in photochromic 2-(N-acyl-N-arylaminomethylene) benzo[b]thiophen-3(2H)-one molecules ortho-substituted in the N-phenyl ring increase the quantum yield of the N→O photoinduced rearrangement in accord with an increase in the steric constant of the ortho-substituent.__________Published in Russian in Izvestiya Akademii Nauk. Seriya Khimicheskaya, No. 10, pp. 2151–2155, October, 2004.     

Structural analysis of <Emphasis Type="Italic">w</Emphasis>/<Emphasis Type="Italic">o</Emphasis>/<Emphasis Type="Italic">w</Emphasis> multiple emulsions by means of DSC

Summary The properties of the inner and the external aqueous phases, were studied in w/o/w multiple emulsions with light microscopic image analysis and differential scanning calorimetry (DSC). The importance of multiple emulsions lies in the presence of these aqueous phases, making them available for sustained, controlled drug delivery systems. Differentiation of these two aqueous phases, studying the effect of manufacturing technology on droplet structure, quantitative determination of phase volumes and any changes occurring during storage are essential when planning w/o/w emulsions. The present study uses microscopic observations combined with DSC measurements in order to identify the formed structure, at developmental stage in case of different components, preparation methods, and stirring rates. These tools are beneficial during manufacturing as in process controls, or to ensure product quality.     

Concentration effect of sodium chloride on enthalpic interaction coefficients of <Emphasis Type="Italic">D</Emphasis>-mannitol and <Emphasis Type="Italic">D</Emphasis>-sorbitol in aqueous solution

The dilution enthalpies of D-mannitol and D-sorbitol in aqueous sodium chloride solution at various concentrations have been determined by isothermal microcalorimetry at 298.15 K. The homogeneous enthalpic interaction coefficients over a quite large range of concentration of aqueous sodium chloride solutions have been calculated according to the excess enthalpy concept. The results show that enthalpic pairwise interaction coefficients (h ₂) of D-mannitol and D-sorbitol are positive in aqueous sodium chloride solution and become more positive with increase of the concentration of sodium chloride. The results are interpreted in terms of the different conformations of the two polyols, solute-solute and solute-solvent interactions involved by solvent effects.     

<Emphasis Type="Italic">peri</Emphasis>-Naphthylenediamines: XXXIX. Synthesis and Structure of <Emphasis Type="Italic">N,N′,N′</Emphasis>-Trimethyl-<Emphasis Type="Italic">N</Emphasis>-nitrosonaphthalene-1,8-diamine Derivatives

The corresponding N-nitroso derivatives were synthesized by the action of nitrous acid on N,N,N′-trimethylnaphthalene-1,8-diamine, N,N,N′-trimethyl-5-nitronaphthalene-1,8-diamine, and N,N,N′-trimethylacenaphthene-5,6-diamine, and molecular structure of the products was studied.__________Translated from Zhurnal Organicheskoi Khimii, Vol. 41, No. 7, 2005, pp. 1020–1027.Original Russian Text Copyright © 2005 by Koroleva, Dyablo, Pozharskii, Sennikova, Starikova.     

Synthesis of isomeric 2-oxazolidinones from (1<Emphasis Type="Italic">R</Emphasis>,2<Emphasis Type="Italic">R</Emphasis>)-and (1<Emphasis Type="Italic">S</Emphasis>,2<Emphasis Type="Italic">S</Emphasis>)-2-amino-1-(4-nitrophenyl)-1,3-propanediols

A synthesis is reported for (4R,5R)-and (4S,5S)-4-hydroxymethyl-5-(4-nitrophenyl)oxazolidin-2-ones and (1′R,4R)-and (1′S,4S)-4-[hydroxy(4-nitrophenyl)methyl]oxazolidin-2-ones from (1R,2R)-and (1S,2S)-2-amino-1-(4-nitrophenyl)-1,3-propanediols. The effect of the experimental conditions on the formation of these compounds was studied. __________ Translated from Khimiya Geterotsiklicheskikh Soedinenii, No. 10, pp. 1562–1570, October, 2007.     

Unsteady mass transfer into a sphere under equilibrium condition <Emphasis Type="Italic">y</Emphasis> = <Emphasis Type="Italic">Ax</Emphasis> + <Emphasis Type="Italic">B</Emphasis>

We obtained an analytical solution of a problem of unsteady mass transfer under the equilibrium condition y = Ax + B to compare results with a problem solution in the case of equilibrium condition looking as y = Ax.     

<Emphasis Type="Italic">Ab initio</Emphasis> study of aniline and <Emphasis Type="Italic">n</Emphasis>-propylamine associates with nitrobenzene and <Emphasis Type="Italic">m</Emphasis>-cresol

An ab initio (6-31G**) study of binary associates of aniline and n-propylamine with nitrobenzene and m-cresol has been carried out. The structures corresponding to the total energy minimum of the system have been found for the associates, and their geometrical and energy characteristics have been determined. Basic types of intermolecular interactions have been established, and their effects on the reactivity of the amino group have been investigated.Original Russian Text Copyright © 2004 by I. A. Novakov, V. V. Korolkov, A. I. Pavlyuchko, B. S. Orlinson, and L. A. GribovTranslated from Zhurnal Strukturnoi Khimii, Vol. 45, No. 4, pp. 595–601, July–August, 2004.This revised version was published online in April 2005 with a corrected cover date.