A Novel Rule Induction Algorithm

Knowledge discovery in databases is concerned with extracting useful information from databases, and the immune algorithm is a biological theory-based and globally searching algorithm. A specific immune algorithm is designed for discovering a few interesting, high-level prediction rules from databases, rather than discovering classification knowledge as usual in the literatures. Simulations show that this novel algorithm is able to improve the stability of the population, increase the holistic performance and make the rules extracted have higher precision.     

Community detection in networks by using multiobjective evolutionary algorithm with decomposition

Community structure is an important property of complex networks. Most optimization-based community detection algorithms employ single optimization criteria. In this study, the community detection is solved as a multiobjective optimization problem by using the multiobjective evolutionary algorithm based on decomposition. The proposed algorithm maximizes the density of internal degrees, and minimizes the density of external degrees simultaneously. It can produce a set of solutions which can represent various divisions to the networks at different hierarchical levels. The number of communities is automatically determined by the non-dominated individuals resulting from our algorithm. Experiments on both synthetic and real-world network datasets verify that our algorithm is highly efficient at discovering quality community structure.     

QCD sum rules calculation ofB c decays

Leptonic and semileptonic decay widths of theB _c meson, as well as its mass, are evaluated by QCD sum rules. The possibility of discovering this meson at present and future high energy machines is also discussed.     

一种基于非基因信息的免疫记忆优化算法

为提高人工免疫优化算法的优化能力, 将非基因信息的记忆机制引入智能算法, 提出了一种基于非基因信息的免疫记忆优化算法. 算法通过对先验知识(非基因信息)的短期记忆并指导后续进化, 降低盲目搜索和重复搜索, 增加了搜索的智能性和有效性. 结合标准测试函数在高维下的仿真实验表明, 与其他智能算法相比, 新算法在收敛速度、收敛精度和全局收敛性方面均优于对比算法. 此外, 在超高维下的仿真结果表明新算法具有在大规模维度解空间中的全局寻优能力.     

基于最小平均距离免疫算法的模糊红外图像分割

由于犯罪分子利用各种方法来避开传统的刑侦图像技术,因而红外图像逐渐成为获取犯罪现场痕迹的有效手段。然而,从犯罪现场拍摄的红外图像其目标痕迹大多是弱化的,所以在这类红外图像中分割目标是一项具有挑战性的任务。已有基于生物免疫的各类算法尚未明确描述免疫分割作用领域,以及免疫网络算法模型中的免疫识别距离。为实现对目标痕迹弱化红外图像的有效分割,提出了一种新的具有免疫作用领域和最小平均免疫识别距离的人工免疫构架,设计了一种具备最小平均距离免疫域的免疫分割算法。该方法根据红外图像的特点,采用多步分类算法、免疫变异和自适应免疫最小均距识别方法,根据目标区域和背景区域的总体统计特性实现最佳分类。实验结果表明,提出的基于最小平均距离的免疫算法能够有效地分割目标弱化的红外图像。与经典的边缘模板和区域模板方法相比,该算法具有更好的分割效果,尤其是针对目标弱化红外图像的分割,该算法能够较好地给出五个手指的边界轮廓。     

TSARM-UDP: An Efficient Time Series Association Rules Mining Algorithm Based on Up-to-Date Patterns

In many industrial domains, there is a significant interest in obtaining temporal relationships among multiple variables in time-series data, given that such relationships play an auxiliary role in decision making. However, when transactions occur frequently only for a period of time, it is difficult for a traditional time-series association rules mining algorithm (TSARM) to identify this kind of relationship. In this paper, we propose a new TSARM framework and a novel algorithm named TSARM-UDP. A TSARM mining framework is used to mine time-series association rules (TSARs) and an up-to-date pattern (UDP) is applied to discover rare patterns that only appear in a period of time. Based on the up-to-date pattern mining, the proposed TSAR-UDP method could extract temporal relationship rules with better generality. The rules can be widely used in the process industry, the stock market, etc. Experiments are then performed on the public stock data and real blast furnace data to verify the effectiveness of the proposed algorithm. We compare our algorithm with three state-of-the-art algorithms, and the experimental results show that our algorithm can provide greater efficiency and interpretability in TSARs and that it has good prospects.     

基于Shearlet变换的自适应图像融合算法

针对多聚焦图像与多光谱和全色图像的成像特点,结合Shearlet变换具有较好的稀疏表示图像特征的性质,提出了一种新的图像融合规则.并基于此融合规则,提出了基于Shearlet变换的自适应图像融合算法.在多聚焦图像的融合算法中,分别对聚焦不同的图像进行Shearlet变换,并基于本文提出的融合规则,对分解后的高低频系数进行融合处理. 通过与多种算法的比较实验证明了本文提出的算法融合的图像具有更高的清晰度和更加丰富的细节信息.在多光谱和全色图像的融合处理中,提出了一种基于Shearlet变换与HSV变换相结合的图像融合方法.该算法首先对多光谱图像作HSV变换,将得到的V分量与全色图像进行Shearlet分解与融合,在融合过程中对分解系数选用特定的融合准则进行融合,最后将融合生成新的分量与H、S分量进行HSV逆变换产生新的RGB融合图像. 该算法在空间分辨率和光谱特性两方面达到了良好的平衡,融合后的图像在减少光谱失真的同时,有效增强了空间分辨率. 仿真实验证明,本文算法融合的图像与传统的多光谱和全色图像融合算法相比,具有更佳的融合性能和视觉效果.     

Information Theoretic Metagenome Assembly Allows the Discovery of Disease Biomarkers in Human Microbiome

Quantitative metagenomics is an important field that has delivered successful microbiome biomarkers associated with host phenotypes. The current convention mainly depends on unsupervised assembly of metagenomic contigs with a possibility of leaving interesting genetic material unassembled. Additionally, biomarkers are commonly defined on the differential relative abundance of compositional or functional units. Accumulating evidence supports that microbial genetic variations are as important as the differential abundance content, implying the need for novel methods accounting for the genetic variations in metagenomics studies. We propose an information theoretic metagenome assembly algorithm, discovering genomic fragments with maximal self-information, defined by the empirical distributions of nucleotides across the phenotypes and quantified with the help of statistical tests. Our algorithm infers fragments populating the most informative genetic variants in a single contig, named supervariant fragments. Experiments on simulated metagenomes, as well as on a colorectal cancer and an atherosclerotic cardiovascular disease dataset consistently discovered sequences strongly associated with the disease phenotypes. Moreover, the discriminatory power of these putative biomarkers was mainly attributed to the genetic variations rather than relative abundance. Our results support that a focus on metagenomics methods considering microbiome population genetics might be useful in discovering disease biomarkers with a great potential of translating to molecular diagnostics and biotherapeutics applications.     

Target extraction of banded blurred infrared images by immune dynamical algorithm with two-dimensional minimum distance immune field

Banded blurred Infrared image segmentation is a challenging topic since banded blurred infrared images are characterized by high noise, low contrast, and weak edges. Based on the interconnected and networked collaborative mechanism between innate immune factors and adaptive immune factors, this paper presents an immune dynamical algorithm with two-dimensional minimum distance immune field to solve this puzzle. Firstly, using the original characteristics as antigen surface molecular patterns, innate immune factors in the first layer of immune dynamical network extract banded blurred regions from the whole banded blurred infrared image region. Secondly, innate immune factors in the second layer of immune dynamical network extract new characteristics to design the complex of major histocompatibility complex (MHC) and antigen peptide. Lastly, adaptive immune factors in the last layer will extract object and background antigens from all the banded blurred image antigens, and design the optimal immune field of every adaptive immune factors. Experimental results on hand trace infrared images verified that the proposed algorithm could efficiently extract targets from images, and produce better extraction accuracy.     

Inclined focusing method in subsurface radar

An oblique scanning method for subsurface radio tomography is proposed that is aimed at reconstructing the inhomogeneity 3D distribution and discovering out-of-level scatterers under a planar interface. The method is based on synthetic-aperture radar technology and uses data of multiposition sensing by omnidi-rectional antennas elevated over the Earth’s surface. The focusing of the synthetic-aperture radar is based on fast Fourier transformation providing a fast algorithm of 3D reconstruction. The method is verified numerically and in real experiments.     

基于文化遗传算法的水浴温度模糊控制器设计

水浴温度控制普遍存在滞后、超调、波动性大等特点,且难以建立精确的数学模型,一般采用模糊控制器实现对水浴温度的控制,但模糊控制规则具有较强的主观性,其控制性能往往达不到客观要求。研究遗传算法在模糊控制规则寻优上的应用,将其和文化算法相结合,构成一种具有双层协同进化机制的文化遗传算法,采用专家经验的知识信息构成信仰空间作为指导方向,然后在群体空间中进行遗传算法操作,选取群体中适应度值较高的个体更新信仰空间,再通过迭代优化,得到适应度值高的个体,将其作为优化的模糊控制规则。仿真实验表明,优化后的规则在控制过程中的动态温度跟踪和稳态误差方面均具有较好的效果。     

干涉显微镜中相移误差分析

相移误差是影响干涉显微镜测量表面形貌精度的主要因素之一。介绍了四帧算法、五帧算法、四帧免疫算法、五帧免疫算法的原理和计算公式 ,并对其特点进行了分析比较。利用自行研制的带旋转检偏器的干涉显微测量系统 ,分别用四种算法对Ra=0 35μm和Ra=0 .0 9μm粗糙度样块进行了实测。结果表明 ,五帧算法的重复测量精度优于0 5nm ,五帧免疫算法的重复测量精度优于 0 3nm。同时对在普通干涉显微镜上进一步提高其测量精度做了初步探讨     

基于改进Apriori的网络安全感知方法

针对网络安全态势评估过程中存在数据源单一、实时性不强、准确率不高的问题,提出一种基于改进关联规则算法(Apriori算法)的网络安全态势感知方法。通过对数据的分析,发现在网络中存在关于安全态势的关联规则;通过网络攻击影响熵值序列的分析,对关联规则进行分类为空间正常和异常空间,进而对关联规则进行聚类分析;根据聚类后的规则划分网络安全态势等级。将改进后的算法应用到网络安全态势感知当中,实验结果表明,该方法满足了网络安全危险预警和实时监控的要求。改进的算法用于安全态势感知是可行的、有效的。     

Multisensor information fusion in neural networks on the basis of diffraction optics

The problem of sensor data fusion is considered from the viewpoint of a cognitive approach and recent investigations into the fusion of information of different modality in biological systems. The physioassociative temporal sensor integration algorithm is used. This algorithm accounts for a variety of emergent processing loops for prediction, feature extraction, matching, and search in static and dynamic databases. It is shown how processing loops of different type can be realized in hybrid optoelectronic neural networks with the use of diffraction optics and holography.     

Rules extraction in short memory time series using genetic algorithms

Data mining is performed using genetic algorithm on artificially generated time series data with short memory. The extraction of rules from a training set and the subsequent testing of these rules provide a basis for the predictions on the test set. The artificial time series are generated using the inverse whitening transformation, and the correlation function has an exponential form with given time constant indicative of short memory. A vector quantization technique is employed to classify the daily rate of return of this artificial time series into four categories. A simple genetic algorithm based on a fixed format of rules is introduced to do the forecasting. Comparing to the benchmark tests with random walk and random guess, genetic algorithms yield substantially better prediction rates, between 50% to 60%. This is an improvement compared with the 47% for random walk prediction and 25% for random guessing method. Received 29 August 2000     

Multi-user cognitive radio network resource allocation based on the adaptive niche immune genetic algorithm

Multi-user cognitive radio network resource allocation based on the adaptive niche immune genetic algorithm is proposed, and a fitness function is provided. Simulations are conducted using the adaptive niche immune genetic algorithm, the simulated annealing algorithm, the quantum genetic algorithm and the simple genetic algorithm, respectively. The results show that the adaptive niche immune genetic algorithm performs better than the other three algorithms in terms of the multi-user cognitive radio network resource allocation, and has quick convergence speed and strong global searching capability, which effectively reduces the system power consumption and bit error rate.     

Extraction of bound-state parameters from dispersive sum rules

The procedure of extracting the ground-state parameters from vacuum-to-vacuum and vacuum-to-hadron correlators within the method of sum rules is considered. The emphasis is laid on the crucial ingredient of this method—the effective continuum threshold. A new algorithm to fix this quantity is proposed and tested. First, a quantum-mechanical potential model which provides the only possibility to probe the reliability and the actual accuracy of this method is used as a study case. In this model, our algorithm is shown to lead to a remarkable improvement of the accuracy of the extracted ground-state parameters compared to the standard procedures adopted in the method and used in all previous applications of dispersive sum rules in QCD. As a next step, it is demonstrated that the procedures of extracting the ground-state decay constant in the potential model and in QCD are quantitatively very close to each other. Therefore, the application of the proposed algorithm in QCD promises a considerable increase of the accuracy of the extracted hadron parameters.     

基于神经免疫生长可免域网络的红外光谱图像分割算法

管道运输对远距离输送石油天然气有着较大优势,而与之伴随的管道安全问题使得管道安全检测至关重要。为确保任何时间下管道状况的有效检测,红外成像技术由于其根据对象的热辐射信息反映目标特征的特殊性,能够忽视可见光的影响检测管道状态,因而在管道检测领域有重要意义。但由于户外环境的多样性,交错的管道和复杂环境使得采集的红外管道图像具有目标特征分布不均匀,目标遮挡和背景类目标干扰等问题。这些问题增加了提取管道目标的难度,不利于管道的分割和检测。生物免疫系统在抗原检测、提取和消除上表现出识别、学习、记忆、耐受和协调配合等目前复杂系统优化策略所缺乏的优异特性,借鉴生物神经系统调控免疫系统的机理,设计一种基于神经免疫网络的复杂背景下红外管道目标的检测与提取算法。根据生物神经网络在免疫系统中的调控机制,利用基础管道形状特征模型构建用于红外管道目标定位的神经网络,并将最优神经免疫可免域和区域种子生长结合,解决管道遮挡影响提取目标完整性的问题。选择三种典型的红外管道图像,将传统目标检测算法与基于神经免疫网络的算法进行了效果对比分析。结果表明,传统算法的平均真阳性率为40.56%,Jaccard相似性指数为27.18%,绝对误差率为11.75%,而基于神经免疫网络算法的真阳性率为98.05%,Jaccard相似性指数为94.44%,绝对误差率为1.18%。对比可知,神经免疫网络算法的真阳性率比传统方法高57.49%,绝对误差率则低10.57%,验证了复杂背景下,本文算法相比传统方法能够更加准确地提取完整的红外管道目标,这对管道安全检测效率的提高有着重要意义。     

基于线指数特征的海量恒星光谱聚类分析研究

聚类分析是数据挖掘中用以发现数据分布和隐含模式的一种重要算法,能简单有效地研究大样本、多参量和类别未知的光谱数据。以线指数作为光谱数据的特征值能够在尽可能多的保留光谱物理特征的同时,有效解决高维光谱数据聚类分析中运算复杂度较高的问题。本文提出了基于线指数特征的海量恒星光谱数据聚类分析的方法,提取恒星光谱中的Lick线指数作为海量巡天光谱数据的特征,使用k均值聚类算法完成对光谱数据的聚类,然后对聚类结果进行有效的分析。实验结果证明该方法能够快速有效地将具有相似物理特征的恒星光谱数据聚集到一起,该方法可以应用到巡天数据的研究中。