Measurement of Velocity Distribution in Atomic Beam by Diode Laser with Narrow Line width

In this paper, by using the detecting laser beam interacts with the atomic beam at a sharp angle and the Doppler frequency shift effect, the velocity distribution in cesium atomic beam is measured with a diode laser of narrow linewidth of 1 MHz. The effects of the atomic natural line width and cycling transition detecting factor on the measured results have been analyzed. Finally, the measured results have been compared with the theoretical calculation.     

Velocity spectrometer for a neutral atomic beam

A velocity spectrometer for a neutral atomic beam has been developed to prepare a monovelocity atomic beam. In order to disperse a relatively fast atomic beam according to its longitudinal velocity, a magnetic quadrupole lens with a large magnetic gradient has been used. The device was made using NdFeB permanent magnets. The magnetic gradient in the quadrupole was measured to be sufficiently large (1 T/cm) and uniform along the radial direction. The resonance fluorescence spectra of the Li atomic beam after passing through the magnetic quadrupole lens have been measured by using a single-mode tunable laser. From the peak shift of the fluorescence spectrum, the exerted force on Li atoms by the magnetic lens was 8160 times as large as the acceleration of gravity. Using the present spectrometer, we have measured the longitudinal velocity distribution of the thermal Li beam at 800 °C, which was in good agreement with the result from the fluorescence spectra. It is expected that a monovelocity Li atomic beam of 1000 m/s with a velocity spread narrower than 1% can be easily formed with a compact experimental arrangement using the developed velocity spectrometer. In this case, the available flux given as a fraction of the incident Li flux is estimated to be about 1%. A high-velocity resolution of 0.03% is expected at the available fractional flux of about 0.01%. Received: 5 June 2000 / Revised version: 14 August 2000 / Published online: 8 November 2000     

一种新颖的实现纳米条纹沉积方法研究

利用近共振激光驻波场操纵中性原子实现纳米量级条纹沉积技术是一种新型的研制纳米结构长度传递标准的方法,采用了一种新颖的方法,通过预准直孔的设定,将原子束在空间分成三部分,利用中间部分的原子束和近共振激光驻波场相互作用,在激光驻波场辐射压力作用下使原子按照特定周期沉积在基板上,从而实现纳米条纹的制作.利用两侧部分的原子束与探测激光束相互作用,通过其感生荧光来监测中间部分原子束沉积过程中的准直效果,从而为原子的沉积过程提供实时的原子束特性监测.最后对纳米沉积条纹在经由三狭缝预准直结构作用前后的效果进行了三维仿真,结果表明,未采用该三狭缝预准直结构时,纳米沉积条纹的半高宽为32nm,对比度为8∶1,而采用该三狭缝预准直结构之后,纳米沉积条纹的半高宽为6.2nm,对比度为28∶1,大大提高了纳米沉积条纹的质量.     

Interferometry with Ca atoms

Separated field excitation of a calcium atomic beam using four traveling laser fields represents two distinct atom interferometers utilizing the internal degrees of freedom of the atoms. Phase shifts between the atomic partial waves have been realized by phase shifts of the laser wave fields, by the ac-Stark shift, and by rotation of the interferometer (Sagnac effect). One particular interferometer can be selected by interaction of the atomic waves with extra laser fields. We furthermore report on the preparation of a laser cooled and deflected calcium atomic beam that can be utilized to largely increase the sensitivity of the interferometer.     

Two-photon intracavity dye laser spectroscopy of the 4S and 3D term in6, 7Li

Doppler-free two-photon spectroscopy of several states of^{6, 7}Li has been achieved by placing an atomic beam inside the dye laser cavity. The hyperfine structure splitting of the 4S state, the fine structure splitting of the 3D level as well as the isotope shifts of the 2S–4S and 2S-3D transition have been measured, by scanning the single-mode laser frequency and detecting the fluorescence light. In addition, signal detection by three-photon ionization via the resonant 3D state was accomplished.     

The hyperfine structure and hyperfine anomaly of 161Dy and 163Dy

The hyperfine structure of ¹⁶¹Dy and ¹⁶³Dy for five transitions hasbeen measured with a tunable dye laser and a thermal velocity atomic beam. Values for the magnetic dipole and electric quadrupole coupling constants have been determined for the relevant excited states. The hyperfine anomaly parameters, Δ, which are extracted are interpreted in terms of available atomic wave functions.     

Study of the parameters of a thallium atomic beam by the laser resonant atomic photoionization technique

The arrangement and operating principle of a setup for studying the main parameters of a beam of thallium atoms using the laser resonance atomic photoionization technique and the experimental results obtained are presented. The measured characteristics are the evaporation time, the atomic beam intensity, the evaporation rate, the saturated vapor pressure, and the heat of thallium evaporation.     

激光冷却在原子束六极磁透镜技术中的应用

分析了由六极磁场构成了原子束磁透镜的原理及像差。在比较了热原子束和单色冷原子束的会聚效果后得出结论：影响它成像的主要因素是色差。应用激光冷却技术能使这一影响减小,从而使磁透镜在原子光学领域得到更广泛的应用。     

用激光感生荧光法测量亚稳态原子寿命

本文用激光感生荧光法(LIF)分析了Gd原子亚稳态能级215cm~(-1),533cm~(-1),999cm~(-1)在原子束中的速度分布。由原子束轴线上两不同点上的亚稳态原子速度分布的变化得到了亚稳态原子的寿命。理论分析和实验结果表明这是一种简单、灵敏并且有效的亚稳态原子寿命测量方法。     

The magnesium ramsey interferometer: Applications and prospects

In this paper it will be shown that an atom interferometer, based on the coherent splitting of the atomic wavefunction by four travelling waves (Ramsey interferometer), may be explained by a purely mechanical interpretation. As our first application of this Ramsey interferometer we have measured the phase shifts respectively optical length changes in a magnesium atomic beam caused by the acceleration of the partial atomic wave in one arm of the interferometer. This acceleration was achieved by the dipole force exerted by an off-resonant crossing laser beam which interacted with the ground state part of the wavefunction only. Further applications of this interferometer and improvements due to laser cooling will be discussed.     

New laser setup at the IRIS facility. Magnetic moments and mean squared charge radii of neutron deficient Tl isotopes

A new laser installation for the resonance ionization spectroscopy in a laser ion source and for rare isotope production has been put into operation at the IRIS mass-separator, working on-line with the 1 GeV proton beam of the Petersburg Nuclear Physics Institute synchrocyclotron. Isotope shift and hyperfine splitting of 276.9 nm atomic transition in the long chain of Tl isotopes and isomers have been measured. New data on the magnetic moments and changes in mean squared charge radius for ^{183,184,185,185m,186m2,195m,197m}Tl have been obtained.     

冷原子穿越激光束的量子隧穿时间

原子通过激光冷却技术能够被制备在低温状态，这时冷原子云会展现出量子力学的波动性.研究了一束冷原子入射到一个蓝失谐的激光束上所表现出的量子力学隧穿效应.蓝失谐的激光束相对于冷原子而言等效于一个量子力学势垒.根据二能级模型，在理论上分析了具有内部结构的原子矢量物质波穿过激光束的量子力学反射与透射，特别是对原子穿越激光束所需的时间——量子隧穿时间进行了详细的研究.量子力学波动性使得冷原子穿越一个激光束时明显地展现出与经典粒子(热原子)不同的结果. 关键词： 冷原子 原子光学 量子隧穿     

Suppression of multiple ionization of atomic ions in intense ultrafast laser pulses

The interaction of an intense laser field with a beam of atomic ions has been investigated experimentally for the first time. The ionization dynamics of Ar+ ions and Ar neutrals in a 60 fs, 790 nm laser pulse have been compared and contrasted at intensities up to 10(16) W cm-2. Our results show that nonsequential ionization from an Ar+ target is strongly suppressed compared with that from the corresponding neutral target. We have also observed for the first time the strong field ionization of high lying target metastable levels in the Ar+ beam.     

Generation of spin squeezing via continuous quantum nondemolition measurement

Continuous quantum nondemolition monitoring of a collective atomic spin with an off-resonant laser beam has been performed. Squeezed atomic spin states have thereby been produced with spin noise reduction to 70% below the standard quantum limit expected for a coherent spin state.     

激光冷却获得高亮度的亚稳态惰性气体原子束和原子阱

高强度的亚稳态惰性原子束流在原子分子物理实验研究中具有广泛的应用.使用射频电离方法和激光横向冷却技术制备了高强度的亚稳态氪原子束流,并使用数值模拟方法对横向冷却激光场中的原子径迹进行了分析.通过激光诱导荧光光谱方法测量原子束的束流特性,结果显示,横向冷却后在束流源下游230 cm处的原子束流强度达1.6atoms/(s*sr),束流强度提高了两个量级.利用这种高强度原子束流,我们成功囚禁了1.3×10¹⁰个亚稳态⁸⁴Kr原子,同时冷原子装载速率达到了3.0×10¹¹atoms/s;并利用该装置成功地实现了高亮度的亚稳态氩原子束和原子阱. 关键词： 横向冷却 原子束 原子阱 惰性气体     

Two-Dimensional Collimation of an Atomic Beam in a Diffuse Light Field

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弱场中光抽运极化Eu原子束的制备

自五十年代首次实现光抽运技术以来,人们用它已对多种原子进行了极化原子束制备的研究[1～5],但所有这些工作只是以相对简单的碱金属原子为对象,而对价电子数大于1的复杂原子的极化原子束的制备目前尚未见报道.描述了用一台连续波染料激光器对复杂原子Eu进行了弱场制备极化原子束的实验研究,得到了较满意的结果.     

The effect of laser beam size in a zig-zag collimator on transverse cooling of a krypton atomic beam

The effect of size of a cooling laser beam in a zig-zag atomic beam collimator on transverse cooling of a krypton atomic beam is investigated. The simulation results show that discreteness in the interaction between the cooling laser beam and atomic beam, arising due to finite size and incidence angle of the cooling laser beam, significantly reduces the value of transverse velocity capture range of the collimator. The experimental observations show the trend similar to that obtained from simulations. Our study can be particularly useful where a small zig-zag collimator is required.     

White light transverse cooling of a helium beam

We report a study of transverse laser cooling on a metastable helium beam using spectrally broadened diode lasers (“white light") to increase its flux. For this purpose, beam profile and atomic flux versus laser power and other parameters have been characterized. We have performed experiments to compare this technique with other transverse cooling methods using monochromatic light. Best results are obtained with a “ziz-zag" configuration using “white light". Received 21 December 1998 and Received in final form 27 May 1999     

Observation of collimation and decollimation of an atomic beam in a misaligned standing wave

This paper reports an experimental study on the collimation and decollimation of an atomic beam in a misaligned standing wave, in which the effective detuning caused by the Doppler effect is affected by the longitudinal velocity of the atomic beam. The experiment shows that in a strong field with red detuning between laser field and atomic transition frequency, laser heating in a normal standing wave becomes laser cooling in a misaligned standing wave for an approriate misalignment angle. For blue detuning, laser cooling in a standing wave can also become laser heating in a misaligned standing wave for an appropriate condition. These results ca be used in controling atomic motion.