Study on Laser Visual Measurement Method for Seamless Steel PipeStraightness Error by Multiple Line-structured Laser Sensors

An original non-contact measurement method using multiple line-structured laser sensors is introduced for seamless steel pipe straightness error is in this paper. An arc appears on the surface of the measured seamless steel pipe against a line-structured laser source. After the image of the arc is accepted by a CCD camera, the coordinates of the center of the pipe cross-section circle containing the arc can be worked out through a certain algorithm. Similarly, multiple line-structured laser sensors are equipped parallel to the pipe. The straightness error of the seamless steel pipe, therefore, can be inferred from the coordinates of multiple cross-section centers obtained from every line-structured laser sernsor .     

A straightness measurement system using a single-mode fiber-coupled laser module

In this paper, a quite simple and novel straightness measurement system is proposed. The laser beam from a single-mode fiber-coupled laser module is highly stable, and can be used as the reference line for straightness measurements of any mechanical system. A corner retro-reflector is used as the moving target in the system in order to sense the straightness error and to reflect laser beam from measurement head back to it. In this way, there is no cable connection in the moving target, which is necessary for straightness measurements in workshop. At the same time, relationship between voltage output from a quadrant photodiode detector and its displacement was analyzed, and the theoretical analysis shows a good consistence with practical measurement results, which gives a way to enlarge the measurement range of the system. Comparative results of straightness measurement with a dual frequency laser interferometer were given, and repeatability with one micrometer at the distance of 1 m was gotten by the system.     

广义位移传感器在形状误差和误差运动分离中的读数贡献

详细推导并统一了形状误差和误差运动高精度检测 分离技术中各类传感器的读数方程 ,包括传统的差动变压器式位移传感器、电涡流式位移传感器、电容式微位移传感器和近年来出现的激光微位移传感器、激光角位移传感器以及后两者组合成的组合式广义位移传感器。以统一的列表方式阐明了各传感器的读数贡献。其优点是 :根据选用的误差分离方法和与之适配的传感器 ,便可按列表方式快速、方便地排出用于直线、圆、圆柱度和平面度等误差分离的原始读数方程 ,并对误差分离的可行性作出了初步分析     

The laser reference line method and its comparison to a total station in an ATLAS like configuration

A new type of measuring system, the Laser Reference Line, is proposed as a metrological tool and can be used within limited space to ensure a precise installation along an axis on the ATLAS interaction point. A simplified ATLAS like beam pipe mock-up is used for this test. The coordinates of the beam pipe are measured three times using the new method and a Total Station. The measurements agree within the measurement error of the Total Station, which indicates that the precision of the laser reference line is suitable for this specific task in the ATLAS experiment.     

大气条件变化时的激光雷达散射截面测量方法

利用双光路探测研究了大气条件变化对外场目标激光雷达散射截面测量准确度的影响.将双光路探测应用于比对测量后,推导出了新的比对测量公式,进行了实验验证,并讨论了其适用条件.通过对漫反射板激光雷达散射截面的外场实测,结果表明:利用新的比对测量公式,不仅能有效减小测量过程中因大气条件变化带来的误差,提高测量准确度,而且计算过程较为简单;工程上易于实现.     

激光投影成像式运动目标位姿测量与误差分析

为了实现室内运动目标位姿的高精度测量,建立了一套激光投影成像式位姿测量系统.该系统利用两两共线且交叉排列在同一平面上的点激光投射器作为合作目标捷联在运动目标上,通过与光斑接收幕墙的配合共同组成运动目标位姿测量基线放大系统,利用高速摄像机实时记录幕墙上投影光斑的位置,利用摄像机标定结果求解投影光斑的世界坐标,利用投影光斑之间构成的单位向量建立运动目标位姿解算模型.最后,根据测量原理推导了图像坐标提取、摄像机外部参数标定、光束直线度与目标位姿解算结果之间的误差传递函数.实验结果表明,当摄像机的视场范围为14 000mm×7 000mm时,测量系统的姿态角测量精度为1′(1δ),位置测量精度为5mm,且误差大小与目标位姿测量误差传递函数理论计算值一致,验证了本文提出的目标位姿测量方法与测量误差传递模型的准确性,能够满足目标位姿测量高精度的要求.     

Straightness Measurement Using Laser Diode and CCD Camera

１ＩｎｔｒｏｄｕｃｔｉｏｎＩｎｍａｎｕｆａｃｔｕｒｅａｎｄａｓｅｍｂｌｅｏｆｍｏｄｅｒｎｍａｃｈｉｎｅｓａｎｄｉｎｓｔｒｕｍｅｎｔｓ，ａｎｉｎｄｉｓｐｅｎｓａｂｌｅｒｅｑｕｉｒｅｍｅｎｔｉｓｔｈｅｃｏｎｔｒｏｌｏｆｆｏｒｍａｎｄｐｏｓｉｔｉｏｎｅｒｏ...     

多程放大器光束空间分布的优化设计

This paper focuses on measuring straightness of large-scale dimension by using laser diode fiber alignment, diffraction imaging technique and a CCD camera. In this method, we use a laser diode fiber alignment beam as the datum reference of straightness, deviation of the measured from this datum, can be detected by a CCD camera directly. Also a novel image processing algorithm is presented. The experiment result shows that the measurement range of L (m), the measurement accuracy of the system is 3+2.3×10-6L(\mm).     

Laser Alignment Techniques for Simultaneously Measuring Five Degree-of-freedom Deviations of the Object

An optical measurement system has been developed for the simultaneous detection for five degree-of-freedom (DOF) deviations of the object. The measuring system designed bases on laser holographic technique, laser alignment technique, laser drift compensation technique and magneto-optic modulating technique where a single laser beam is used as datum line. This measuring system is applied to multiple degree-of-freedom alignment and measurement of fine deviation, and it carries out the automatic testing in a deformation of machine tool, or the loaded axon in a strain wind tunnel balance. Through actual calibration and measurement, the resolution of the system is estimated to be 4 μm for linear displacement error measurement and better than 2″ for angular error measurement with a 1 m offset between laser and a photoelectric receiving target.     

Laser Alignment Techniques for Simultaneously Measuring Five Degree of freedom Deviations of the Object

１ＩｎｔｒｏｄｕｃｔｉｏｎＴｈｅａｌｉｇｎｍｅｎｔｏｆａｗｏｒｋｐｉｅｃｅｏｒｔｈｅｐｏｓｉｔｉｏｎａｎｄａｔｉｔｕｄｅｏｆａｎｏｂｊｅｃｔｉｎｓｐａｃｅａｌｗａｙｓｒｅｑｕｉｒｅｓｕｐｔｏｓｉｘｄｅｇｒｅｏｆｆｒｅｅｄｏｍｄｅｖｉａｔｉｏｎｓ,...     

基于法线引导的激光中心线提取方法

在线结构光三维测量系统中,高精度激光条纹中心线提取是提高测量精度的关键。针对现有激光中心线存在提取精度不高、保留细节差等问题,提出了一种基于法线引导的激光中心线提取算法。该算法具体实现步骤为:首先,对图像进行预处理,结合边缘检测和几何中心法对激光线初步提取;然后,用主成分分析法(principal component analysis,PCA)求取其法线,在激光中心点处划分角度八邻域,通过法线角度引导搜寻有效点集;最后,利用灰度重心法对点集进行亚像素提取。实验结果表明:该算法均方根误差与灰度重心法相比提高了0.233 9像素,比Steger算法、方向模板法更好地保留了光条细节,可以更精确地提取光条中心,达到亚像素级的精度。     

Anomalously Strong Scattering of Spontaneously Produced Laser Radiation in the First Free-Electron Laser and Study of Free-Electron Two-Quantum Stark Lasing in an Electric Wiggler with Quantum-Wiggler Electrodynamics

We calculate the scattering cross section of an electron with respect to the spontaneously produced laser radiation in the first free-electron laser （FEL） with quantum-wiggler electrodynamics （QWD）. The cross section is 1016 times the Thomson cross section, confirming the result obtained by a previous analysis of the experimental data. A QWD calculation show that spontaneous emission in an FEL using only an electric wiggler can be very strong while amplification through net stimulated emission is practically negligible.     

A laser based fiducial line for high precision multipoint alignment system

The next generation of linear colliders is very demanding concerning the alignment tolerances of their components. For the CLIC project, the reference axis of the components will have to be pre-aligned within 10 μm at 1 sigma with respect to a straight line in a sliding window of 200 m. A solution based on stretched wires with wire positioning sensors has been proposed in order to fulfill the alignment requirements in the Conceptual Design Report of the project. This solution has some drawbacks and laser based alternative solutions are under study in order to validate the wire solution and possibly replace it. A new proposal is introduced in this paper, using a laser beam over 150 m as a straight alignment reference, with the objective of having an uncertainty in the determination of its straightness within 10 μm. Sensors coupled to the components to be aligned, would provide after calibration the horizontal and vertical offsets with respect to the laser beam, within a few micrometers, in their coordinate system. The method is based on the laser beam space stabilization effect when a beam propagates in atmospheric air inside a pipe with standing acoustic wave. The principal schemes of corresponding optoelectronics devices and temperature stabilization solutions are also proposed, making probable the extension of the laser fiducial line up to a 500 m length.     

Laser scattering with a rapidly tuned dye laser

A facility is described for the measurement of the total spectrum produced by laser radiation scattered from a plasma during one laser pulse. The dye laser is electrooptically tuned by a high frequency voltage applied to a modified Lyot filter within its cavity. The scattered spectrum is registrated together with the laser reference signal by a transient recorder and processed afterwards. Both measuring time and inaccuracy could be reduced drastically. Scattering experiments have been accomplished in a H₂ cascade of 5 mm diameter arc at atmospheric pressure, and at 14 and 20 A, respectively. For this arc very precise spectroscopic results are available for checking the accuracy of the scattering measurements. Both the spectroscopic line and continuum experiments yield a temperature which lies between electron and ion temperature if there is no local thermal equilibrium, whereas the pure electron temperature is provided by the scattered spectrum. The agreement between spectroscopic and scattering results within the high error limits is the experimental proof for the applicability of this new scattering technique which requires only about one hundredth of the measuring time, as compared with the usual shot-to-shot registration.     

玻璃在线激光测厚误差的透反互补抑制

为了抑制激光在线测厚时入射角波动引起的误差,根据几何光学分析了激光透射式和反射式测厚原理,发现激光在特定入射角附近波动时,两种方式的测厚误差一正一负,具有互补性,在此基础上提出基于透射和反射同时测量的互补式测厚方法,该方法可将误差限定在透射式和反射式测量误差之间,抑制在线测厚误差.对于有机玻璃平板,理论计算表明,当激光入射角在67.013°±4°波动时,相对误差绝对值在1%以内,误差抑制率均值大于90%;当入射角为61.536°时,误差抑制率为100%.利用线结构激光器和两个线阵CCD相机搭建互补式测厚实验系统,测量了标称厚度为1~5mm的有机玻璃平板,与透射式和反射式测厚结果进行对照,除厚度为1mm的玻璃外,互补式测厚误差被限制在透射式和反射式之间,最大误差抑制率达61%.实验结果表明,该互补式方法有效抑制了误差,提高了在线厚度测量准确度,解决了在线测量不可重复性导致的无法通过均值法减小误差的问题.     

利用可调谐激光吸收光谱技术对光路上气体温度分布的测量

利用可调谐激光吸收光谱技术(TDLAS),扫描多条吸收谱线以实现气体温度分布的测量。文章给出了温度分布测量的原理和方程离散化的方法,在气体浓度和压力均匀时,利用带约束最小二乘法计算得到温度分布。根据HITRAN中6 330 cm-1附近的4条CO谱线的参数,建立了温度在300和600 K时,路径长度均为55 cm的两段温度分布模型,模拟了测量误差与温度区间长度约束条件的影响。结果表明随着测量误差的增大和约束条件的减弱,计算结果误差相应增大。在5％的测量误差下,计算结果的最大误差为11％,平均误差为2.2％。以管式炉中的高温段和室温下的低温段作为两段温度分布模型进行试验。利用6 330 cm-1处的垂直腔面发射激光二极管(VCSEL)扫描得到的4条CO谱线,通过背景信号的三次多项式拟合得到基线,求出温度分布计算所需的光谱吸收率积分值。在四种情况下, 计算温度分布结果与模型误差分别为7.3％,6.5％,4.7％和2.7％。     

一种新的激光车辙深度测量方法研究

车辙深度测量通常使用共梁式多路激光测距传感器测量路面多个离散点,由多个测量点组成的断面信息计算车辙深度,因横向采样点间距宽,导致测量误差较大。提出了一种新的激光车辙深度测量方法,采用线激光器和三维(3D)相机组合集成测量路面3D断面,通过3D断面解算车辙深度。3D相机以一定夹角采集激光器投射在路面的线结构光图像,获取路面的3D断面数据,对断面数据通过拉依达准则进行异常值剔除,再进行旋转、平移和模型识别,最终计算路面左右轮迹和最大车辙深度。实际证明,数据重复性和相关性都达到98%以上,与传统方法相比较,该方法采样间距小、测量精度高、成本低、通用性强,具有广阔的使用推广价值。     

多自由度误差同时测量中的滚转角测量方法

提出了一种滚转角误差测量的新方法,该测量方法能够实现与其他自由度误差测量相集成,构成多自由度同时测量系统.系统采用带温控的半导体激光器单模光纤组件作为光源,有效降低了激光器本身的光线漂移,为测量提供高精度高稳定性的基准光线;采用特殊棱镜作为测量的敏感单元,通过此棱镜出射光线的直线度测量,间接实现滚转角误差测量.实验过程和数据表明,测量系统具有很好的稳定性和重复性,通过与电子水平仪的对比实验,验证了该方法的可行性,测量精度约为2".     

激光干涉测长未对准误差分析

分析了激光干涉测长原理,建立了测长光路中角锥棱镜的光线偏移模型及内部光程模型,推导了忽略直线度误差及角度误差的未对准误差对定位误差测量结果影响关系的简洁表达式,进行了定位误差的测定实验,给出了未对准误差的一种定量评估方法.     

掺镱硅酸盐激光玻璃的制备与光谱特性分析

采用高温熔融工艺制备了两块组分差别不大的掺镱(Yb3+)硅酸盐激光玻璃.测试出两块玻璃样品的吸收光谱和荧光光谱;计算了Yb3+掺杂玻璃的积分吸收截面、受激发射截面、荧光线宽、能级寿命、最小粒子数、饱和泵浦强度、最小泵浦强度等参数,比较发现样品的吸收截面图与倒易法计算所得的受激发射截面图线型相似,而与F-L法计算所得的受激发射截面图筹别较大,这与理论分析相吻合.两块玻璃样品的吸收光谱的线型基本一致,吸收主峰位于975 nm,次峰位于908 nm,这就说明影响激光玻璃吸收光谱线型的主要因素足玻璃基质的组成.两块玻璃样晶的荧光光谱差别比较大,样品1主峰位于993 nm,次峰位于1 029 nm;样品2主峰位于1 035 nm,次峰位于994nm,差别原因主要在于Yb3+离子的掺杂浓度不同.