Characterization of TiO2 thin film immobilized on glass tube and its application to PCE photocatalytic destruction

TiO₂ was immobilized on to the surface of a pyrex glass tube through a dip coating process, and a pyrex glass tube with TiO₂ thin film was used as a batch reactor and continuous flow reactor for the photocatalytic destruction of PCE in water. TiO₂ could be successfully immobilized with a thickness of 0.3 μm in the pyrex glass tube. The TiO₂-immobilized pyrex glass tube itself showed high photocatalytic activity for the destruction of PCE in water.     

TiO2/Cu2O/Pt复合空心微球的制备及其光催化性能

以锐钛矿相TiO₂溶胶为基底,采用沉淀法和液相沉积法制备了TiO₂/Cu₂O/Pt复合空心微球,通过改变n₍Ti⁴⁺)∶n_Cu2+和H₂Pt Cl₆·6H₂O溶液的加入量对TiO₂的形貌和结构进行调控,采用不同的方法对不同样品的物相及结构、微观形貌和光学性能进行了对比分析。分析结果表明,复合材料中Pt与Cu₂O的引入产生协同效应,不仅在一定程度上阻止了电子-空穴的复合,还降低了禁带宽度,在可见光区域光吸收明显增强。与TiO₂、Cu₂O和TiO₂/Cu₂O光催化剂相比较,TiO₂/Cu₂O/Pt降解有机污染物的能力显著增强,首次光照120 min可降解93%的甲基橙(MO)溶液,4次循环后降解率为71%,具有良好的光催化...     

TiO2/Cu2O/Pt复合空心微球的制备及其光催化性能

以锐钛矿相TiO₂溶胶为基底,采用沉淀法和液相沉积法制备了TiO₂/Cu₂O/Pt复合空心微球,通过改变n_Ti⁴⁺∶ n_Cu²⁺和H₂PtCl₆·6 H₂O溶液的加入量对TiO₂的形貌和结构进行调控,采用不同的方法对不同样品的物相及结构、微观形貌和光学性能进行了对比分析。分析结果表明,复合材料中Pt与Cu₂O的引入产生协同效应,不仅在一定程度上阻止了电子-空穴的复合,还降低了禁带宽度,在可见光区域光吸收明显增强。与TiO₂、Cu₂O和TiO₂/Cu₂O光催化剂相比较,TiO₂/Cu₂O/Pt降解有机污染物的能力显著增强,首次光照120 min可降解93%的甲基橙(MO)溶液,4次循环后降解率为71%,具有良好的光催化稳定性能。     

Preparation and photocatalytic degradability of TiO2/polyacrylamide composite

Based on the unique absorbent characters and three-dimensional network structure of polyacrylamide (PAM) superabsorbent polymer, a photocatalytic degradable TiO₂/PAM composite was synthesized by an aqueous solution polymerization method with N,N′-methylene bisacrylamide as crosslinker, potassium peroxydisulfate as initiator, acrylamide as monomer, and TiO₂ (P-25) as functional filler. The photocatalytic degradability of the composite was evaluated using methyl orange as photodegradation target, and the recovery and reproducibility of the composite was investigated. It was found that TiO₂/PAM composite had a good photocatalytic degradability, the composite also possessed a good reproducibility of photocatalytic degradability, which is possible to be used in practical process.     

Structural characterization and photocatalytic activity of hollow binary ZrO2/TiO2 oxide fibers

The formation of hollow binary ZrO₂/TiO₂ oxide fibers using mixed precursor solutions was achieved by activated carbon fibers templating technique combined with solvothermal process. The samples were characterized by scanning electron microscopy (SEM), transmission electron microscopy (TEM), X-ray diffraction (XRD), N₂ adsorption, X-ray photoelectron spectroscopy (XPS), UV-vis, and infrared (IR) spectroscopy. The binary oxide system shows the anatase-type TiO₂ and tetragonal phase of ZrO₂, and the introduction of ZrO₂ notably inhibits the growth of TiO₂ nanocrystallites. Although calcined at 575 °C, all hollow ZrO₂/TiO₂ fibers exhibit higher surface areas (>113 m²/g) than pure TiO₂ hollow fibers. The Pyridine adsorption on ZrO₂/TiO₂ sample indicates the presence of stronger surface acid sites. Such properties bring about that the binary oxide system possesses higher efficiency and durable activity stability for photodegradation of gaseous ethylene and trichloromethane than P25 TiO₂. In addition, the macroscopic felt form for the resulting materials is more beneficial for practical applications than traditional catalysts forms.     

Visible-light responsive dye-modified TiO2 photocatalyst

A series of dye-modified TiO₂ photocatalysts were synthesized using dye Chrysoidine G (CG), tolylene-2,4-diisocyanate (TDI), and commercial TiO₂ (Degussa P25) as starting materials. TDI was used as a bridging molecule whose two -NCO groups reacted with Ti-OH of TiO₂ and -NH₂ groups of CG, respectively. As a result, special organic complexes were formed on the TiO₂ surface via stable π-conjugated chemical bonds between TiO₂ and dye molecules, confirmed by FT-IR, XPS, and UV-vis spectra. Due to the existence of π-conjugated surface organic complexes, the as-synthesized photocatalysts showed a great improvement in visible absorption (400-550 nm). Methylene blue, as a photodegradation target, was used to evaluate the photocatalytic performance, and the dye-modified TiO₂ exhibited much better activity under the visible light irradiation than bare TiO₂.     

Synthesis and visible light photocatalysis of Fe-doped TiO2 mesoporous layers deposited on hollow glass microbeads

Nano-composite of Fe-doped anatase TiO₂ nanocrystals loaded on the hollow glass microbeads was prepared by co-thermal hydrolysis deposition and calcining treatment. The adherence of TiO₂ mesoporous layers to the surfaces of hollow glass microbeads prevented the aggregation of TiO₂ nanoparticles and benefited to their catalytic activity. The doping of Fe ions makes the absorption edge of the TiO₂ based nano-composite red-shifted into the visible region. An effective photodegradation of the methyl orange aqueous solution was achieved under visible light (λ>420 nm) irradiation, revealing the potential applicability of such nano-composite in some industry fields, such as air and water purifications.     

Preparation of photocatalytic nano-ZnO/TiO2 film and application for determination of chemical oxygen demand

A composite nano-ZnO/TiO₂ film as photocatalyst was fabricated with vacuum vaporized and sol-gel methods. The nano-ZnO/TiO₂ film improved the separate efficiency of the charge and extended the range of spectrum, which showed a higher efficiency of photocatalytic than the pure nano-TiO₂ and nano-ZnO film. The photocatalytic mechanism of nano-ZnO/TiO₂ film was discussed, too. A new method for determination of low chemical oxidation demand (COD) value in ground water based on nano-ZnO/TiO₂ film using the photocatalytic oxidation technology was founded. This method was originated from the direct determination of the Mn(VII) concentration change resulting from photocatalytic oxidation of organic compounds on the nano-ZnO/TiO₂ film, and the COD values were calculated from the absorbance of Mn(VII). Under the optimal operation conditions, the detection limit of 0.1 mg l⁻¹, COD values with the linear range of 0.3-10.0 mg l⁻¹ were achieved. The results were in good agreement with those from the conventional COD methods.     

高电化学活性SnO2/TiO2空心微球的制备及其性能

采用一种简便的无模板溶剂热法合成了尺寸在1μm左右、具有堆叠结构的SnO_2/TiO_2空心微球。合成过程的研究结果表明:SnO_2/TiO_2空心微球在形成过程中经历了空心、被填充、分裂到再次形成空心结构的过程。随后,SnO_2/TiO_2空心微球作为锂离子电池负极材料的电化学性能测试结果表明:SnO_2/TiO_2空心微球在0.1 A·g~(-1)的电流密度下,其首次放电容量达到1 484.9mAh·g~(-1),库伦效率为49.0%。经过600次循环后,其放电容量依然可以达到565.6 mAh·g~(-1),显示了高的容量和循环稳定性。     

TiO2纳米线的制备及其光电性能研究

利用在钛箔表面沉积一层TiO₂纳米粒子作为晶种，与NaOH反应，制备了一维物质TiO₂纳米线。并用XRD、SEM、TEM、HRTEM及EDS等分析手段对TiO₂纳米线的成分、形貌、结构进行表征。结果表明，采用该方法制得的TiO₂纳米线直径在20～50 nm左右、长度可达几微米。反应温度能显著影响所得纳米线的形貌。研究了TiO₂纳米线的光电化学性能。随反应温度的升高TiO₂纳米线光电转换效率增大。     

Preparation of a highly active nanocrystalline TiO2 photocatalyst from titanium oxo cluster precursor

Nanocrystalline TiO₂ (sample S1) was prepared from a titanium oxo cluster (Ti₇O₄(OEt)₂₀) precursor via a sol-gel route. This photocatalyst showed a higher photocatalytic activity than the TiO₂ (sample S2) obtained from titanium tetraisopropoxide. The samples were characterized by thermal analysis (TGA/DSC), X-ray diffraction, micro-Raman spectroscopy, transmission electron microscopy, N₂ adsorption (BET surface area), infrared absorption spectroscopy (FT-IR) and X-ray photoelectron spectroscopy. The characterization results show that both samples are anatase nanocrystals with particle sizes of about 12 nm, but the more photocatalytically active sample S1 has more surface hydroxyl groups and larger surface area and pore volume than sample S2.     

中空Ta_2O_5/TiO_2复合光催化剂的可控氧化制备及性能

以钛粉、钽粉为原料,炭黑作为反应性模板,通过熔盐法在炭黑表面原位生长了TaTiC_2纳米碳化物涂层,并以所得TaTiC_2/C复合物为碳化物前驱体,再经可控氧化制备出中空Ta_2O_5/TiO_2复合光催化剂。采用X射线粉末衍射(XRD)、扫描电子显微镜(SEM)、透射电子显微镜(TEM)、紫外-可见(UV-Vis)漫反射(DRS)及N2物理吸附等手段对所制备的光催化剂进行形貌、显微结构及孔结构表征。以高压汞灯为紫外光源,以亚甲基蓝为目标降解物,通过光催化降解实验评价中空Ta_2O_5/TiO_2复合光催化剂的光催化活性。结果表明,熔盐法生长碳化物涂层厚度均匀(20~30 nm),碳化物主要以TaTiC_2晶相存在且具有纳米级的颗粒尺寸。中空Ta_2O_5/TiO_2复合光催化剂同时具有200 nm左右的中空大孔结构及壳层10 nm左右的介孔结构。中空大孔和介孔的存在提高了所制备催化剂对亚甲基蓝的吸附能力。此外,TiO_2与Ta2O5通过电子能带结构的耦合,有效提高了光生电子和空穴的分离效率,从而显著提高了光催化活性。nTi∶nTa=2.5∶1.5时,相应的中空Ta_2O_5/TiO_2复合光催化剂表现出最佳的光催化活性,对亚甲基蓝的紫外光催化降解率高达97%。     

Micro- and nano-scale hollow TiO2 fibers by coaxial electrospinning: Preparation and gas sensing

We report the preparation of micro- and nano-scale hollow TiO₂ fibers using a coaxial electrospinning technique and their gas sensing properties in terms of CO. The diameter of hollow TiO₂ fibers can be controlled from 200 nm to several micrometers by changing the viscosity of electrospinning solutions. Lower viscosities produce slim hollow nanofibers. In contrast, fat hollow microfibers are obtained in the case of higher viscosities. A simple mathematical expression is presented to predict the change in diameter of hollow TiO₂ fibers as a function of viscosity. The successful control over the diameter of hollow TiO₂ fibers is expected to bring extensive applications. To test a potential use of hollow TiO₂ fibers in chemical gas sensors, their sensing properties to CO are investigated at room temperature.     

中空Ta2O5/TiO2复合光催化剂的可控氧化制备及性能

以钛粉、钽粉为原料,炭黑作为反应性模板,通过熔盐法在炭黑表面原位生长了TaTiC₂纳米碳化物涂层,并以所得TaTiC₂/C复合物为碳化物前驱体,再经可控氧化制备出中空Ta₂O₅/TiO₂复合光催化剂。采用X射线粉末衍射（XRD）、扫描电子显微镜（SEM）、透射电子显微镜（TEM）、紫外-可见（UV-Vis）漫反射（DRS）及N₂物理吸附等手段对所制备的光催化剂进行形貌、显微结构及孔结构表征。以高压汞灯为紫外光源,以亚甲基蓝为目标降解物,通过光催化降解实验评价中空Ta₂O₅/TiO₂复合光催化剂的光催化活性。结果表明,熔盐法生长碳化物涂层厚度均匀（20~30 nm）,碳化物主要以TaTiC₂晶相存在且具有纳米级的颗粒尺寸。中空Ta₂O₅/TiO₂复合光催化剂同时具有200 nm左右的中空大孔结构及壳层10 nm左右的介孔结构。中空大孔和介孔的存在提高了所制备催化剂对亚甲基蓝的吸附能力。此外,TiO₂与Ta₂O₅通过电子能带结构的耦合,有效提高了光生电子和空穴的分离效率,从而显著提高了光催化活性。n_Ti∶n_Ta=2.5∶1.5时,相应的中空Ta₂O₅/TiO₂复合光催化剂表现出最佳的光催化活性,对亚甲基蓝的紫外光催化降解率高达97%。     

Synthesis, characterization of TiO2 nanotubes-supported MS (TiO2NTs@MS, M=Cd, Zn) and their photocatalytic activity

TiO₂ nanotubes-supported MS (TiO₂NTs@MS, M=Cd, Zn) are synthesized by a simple wet chemical method at room temperature. The products are characterized with transmission electron microscopy (TEM), X-ray diffraction (XRD), UV-vis absorption spectrum and photoluminescence (PL) spectrum. Their optical and morphological properties indicate the interaction between the TiO₂ nanotube and MS nanoparticle. The photocatalytic activities of the TiO₂NTs@MS are evaluated upon the oxidation of methyl orange under UV light illumination. The results reveal that the photocatalytic efficiency of the nanocomposites strongly depends on the specific interaction between MS and support.     

Catalytic oxidation of no to NO2 over Cr/TiO2 and Cu/TiO2 under oxidizing atmosphere

The catalytic activity of Cr/TiO₂ and Cu/TiO₂ for the oxidation of NO under an oxidizing atmosphere has been examined. Both catalysts had excellent ability for the oxidation of NO to NO₂ in the temperature range of 350–400°C.     

TiO2–carbon nanotube heterojunction arrays with a controllable thickness of TiO2 layer and their first application in photocatalysis

TiO₂–carbon nanotube (CNT) heterojunction arrays on Ti substrate were fabricated by a two-step thermal chemical vapor deposition (CVD) method. CNT arrays were first grown on Ti substrate vertically, and then a TiO₂ layer, whose thickness could be controlled by varying the deposition time, was deposited on CNTs. Measured by electrochemical impedance spectroscopy (EIS), the thickness of the TiO₂ layer could affect the photoresponse ability significantly. About 100 nm thickness of the TiO₂ layer proved to be best for efficient charge separation among the tested samples. The optimized TiO₂–CNT heterojunction arrays displayed apparently higher photoresponse capability than that of TiO₂ nanotube arrays which was confirmed by surface photovoltage (SPV) technique based on Kelvin probe and EIS. In the photocatalytic experiments, the kinetic constants of phenol degradation with TiO₂–CNT heterojunctions and TiO₂ nanotubes were 0.75 h⁻¹ (R² = 0.983) and 0.39 h⁻¹ (R² = 0.995), respectively. At the same time, 53.7% of total organic carbon (TOC) was removed with TiO₂–CNT heterojunctions, while the removal of TOC was only 16.7% with TiO₂ nanotubes. These results demonstrate the super capability of the TiO₂–CNT heterojunction arrays in photocatalysis with comparison to TiO₂-only nanomaterial.     

TiO2/carbon nanotube hybrid nanostructures: Solvothermal synthesis and their visible light photocatalytic activity

MWCNT/TiO₂ hybrid nanostructures were prepared via solvothermal synthesis and sol-gel method with benzyl alcohol as a surfactant. As-prepared hybrid materials were characterized by X-ray diffraction, transmission electron microscopy, UV-vis diffuse reflectance spectra and X-ray photoelectron spectroscopy. The results showed that MWCNTs were uniformly decorated with anatase nanocrystals in solvothermal condition, but MWCNTs were embedded in a majority of TiO₂ nanoparticles by sol-gel method. When the weight ratio of MWCNTs to TiO₂ was 20%, MWCNT/TiO₂ hybrid nanostructures prepared by solvothermal synthesis exhibited higher visible-light-driven photocatalytic activity than that prepared by sol-gel method. Post-annealing of MWCNT/TiO₂ nanostructures at 400 °C resulted in the formation of the carbonaceous Ti-C bonds on the interface between TiO₂ and MWCNTs, which enhanced the photoabsorbance of the hybrid materials in the visible light region and improved the visible-light degradation efficiency of methylene blue.     

Preparation and characterization of mesoporous TiO2-CeO2 nanopowders respond to visible wavelength

Mesoporous TiO₂-CeO₂ nanopowders responding to visible wavelength were synthesized by using a surfactant assisted sol-gel technique. They were obtained using metal alkoxide precursors modified with acetylacetone (ACA) and laurylamine hydrochloride (LAHC) as surfactant. The samples were characterized by XRD, nitrogen adsorption isotherm, SEM, TEM, and selected area electron diffraction (SAED), respectively. The 95 mol% TiO₂-5 mol% CeO₂ system yielded single anatase phase, however, further addition of the CeO₂ formed cubic CeO₂ structure while anatase TiO₂ decreased. Additions of 5 and 10 mol% CeO₂ increased the surface area, but those of 25, 50, and 75 mol% CeO₂ did not affect it very much. By using this mixed metal oxides system, TiO₂ can be modified to respond to the visible wavelength. The mixed metal oxides had catalytic activity (evaluating the formation rate of I₃⁻) about 2-3 times higher than pure CeO₂, while nanosize anatase type TiO₂ materials had no catalytic activity under visible light. The catalytic activity was almost proportional to the specific surface area. The formation rate of I₃⁻ was much improved by changing the calcination temperature and calcination period. Highest catalytic activity in this study was obtained for the 50 mol% TiO₂-50 mol% CeO₂ nanopowders calcined at 250 °C for 24 h.     

蛭石负载TiO2光催化剂的制备与性能

以新疆尉犁工业蛭石为载体,采用溶胶-凝胶法制备负载型二氧化钛光催化剂,利用XRD、TG、SEM、IR和低温N₂吸附－脱附对负载型二氧化钛进行表征,并以亚甲基蓝为目标降解物对其光催化性能进行研究。讨论了不同TiO₂负载量、反应温度和煅烧温度等因素对负载型二氧化钛光催化性能的影响,结果表明：TiO₂负载量为4.0wt%,反应温度为40 ℃,煅烧温度为400 ℃时,复合材料光催化效果最好,经60 W紫外灯照射20 min后,TiO₂/VMT复合材料对亚甲基蓝溶液的降解率为92.08%。