平行板-内正方柱耦合传输线的特性阻抗

本文用文献[3]的方法,求解平行板-内正方柱耦合传输线特性阻抗,得到了这种耦合传输线特性阻抗计算公式,通过数值比较和理论分析证实其实用性。附录中给出了这种耦合传输线特性阻抗的数值,供设计参考。 关键词：     

平行板传输线特性阻抗仿真计算及解析修正

提出了一种基于时域反射原理的平行板传输线特性阻抗仿真计算方法,利用该方法借助CST软件构建模型对平行板传输线的特性阻抗值进行了仿真计算,同时重点研究了下极板展宽结构对特性阻抗值的影响。以仿真计算结果为基础,对原有特性阻抗公式进行了修正,提出了包含下极板展宽结构在内的不对称结构的平行板传输线阻抗计算公式,该公式可作为计算有界波模拟器等电磁脉冲模拟装置特性阻抗的参考公式。     

平行板-圆柱平板线中的TEM波及其特性阻抗

用保角变换法得出平行板-圆柱平板线TEM波分布的近似解析解.首先通过保角变换将平行板-圆柱平板线的横截面变换为圆同轴线的横截面,求出由静态场在此边界条件下电场的解,再乘以波动因子得到TEM波的电场解,然后根据由麦克斯韦方程所联系的电场与磁场的关系,得到磁场的分布,从而给出平行圆同轴线中TEM波的分布规律,最后由变换函数关系得到平行板-圆柱平板线TEM波的分布规律.通过数学软件MATLAB绘制出TEM波在其横截面上的结构图,并计算出其特性阻抗.研究结论对于计算该传输线的衰减常数、了解其功率容量、考虑功率耦合及设计有关的有源器件均有一定的参考价值.     

轨道电路系统长钢轨电容补偿电磁脉冲耦合效应

结合时域有限差分(FDTD)方法、传输线方程和长钢轨激励场快速计算方法,研究了一种高效的时域混合算法,实现长钢轨电容补偿电磁脉冲耦合效应的时域快速计算。首先,为避免对钢轨不规则结构的直接建模,根据趋肤效应,将钢轨等效为管状导体模型并提取对应的单位长度分布参数。然后,根据长钢轨激励场快速计算方法,快速计算长钢轨沿线电场分布,并结合传输线方程构建钢轨等效圆柱模型与补偿电容一体化的电磁耦合模型。最后,使用FDTD方法求解传输线方程,获取钢轨沿线各点的电磁脉冲耦合响应。研究结果表明,钢轨耦合电流波形不断展宽,但是峰值随长度增加到一定值后达到饱和状态,此结论可为轨道电路系统电磁防护设计提供重要的数据支撑。     

三种柱面形静电场问题的探讨

运用复变函数、保角变换等理论，把分离圆柱面形、偏心圆柱面形和偏轴椭圆柱面形变换成横截面为平行板，并计算出它们的电容、电势和电场强度等静电场问题．     

斜平板线内TEM波的场结构及平板倾斜角度对其传输性能的影响

通过求解拉普拉斯方程,研究斜平板传输线内TEM波的场结构并进行仿真,讨论平板倾斜角度对其传输性能的影响,并将其特性阻抗数值与平行平板传输线的情况予以比较,得到其特性阻抗随平板倾斜角度增大的结论.研究结论对定量计算实际生产中出现的工艺偏差,提高平板传输线的质量,具有一定的参考价值.     

基于螺旋平行传输线的时域反射监测技术研究

针对山体滑坡、泥石流等岩土灾害,通过基于螺旋平行传输线的TDR(Time-Domain Reflectometry)技术,设计出的窄脉冲发生电路,返回波信号调理电路和高速采样模块,运用等效采样法,实现了信号的采集,完成了时域反射监测仪器系统,并对反射波形进行了实时对比研究; 将螺旋平行传输线埋入山体,当山体内部发生形变,引起螺旋平行传输线相应拉伸,拉伸点的特性阻抗随之变化,运用TDR技术对螺旋平行传输线进行测量分析,可得螺旋平行传输线变形数据,相应的反映了山体表面的变形;反射波形的实时对比研究表明,将时域反射技术应用于螺旋平行传输线形变监测行之有效且效果明显.     

特种截面传输线特性阻抗计算的一种方法

本文提出用圆或椭圆图形逼近多角形边界、计及其角形外导体边界的电荷角效应影响和取截面边界尺寸上、下限几何平均值的方法,计算特种截面传输线特性阻抗,得到了矩形外导体-椭圆内导体、圆形外导体-正三角形内导体、圆形外导体-正五边形内导体、圆形外导体-正六边形内导体、椭圆外导体-矩形内导体等五种新型传输线和九种现有传输线特性阻抗的初等函数计算公式,通过计算数值与有关文献的精确值比较,证实了本文方法及其特性阻抗计算公式的准确性。 关键词：     

内圆外矩同轴线内TEM波的场结构及其特性阻抗

利用数值保角变换,研究内圆外矩同轴传输线内TEM波的场结构,利用软件MATLAB、HFSS绘制其场结构图,并给出特性阻抗的计算公式.研究结论对于计算该传输线的衰减常数、了解其功率容量、考虑功率耦合及设计有关的有源器件具有一定的参考价值.     

开关振荡器特性阻抗选取对输出波形影响

开关振荡器是宽带高功率电磁脉冲的重要产生方式之一,以开关激励同轴振荡器为例,采用理论计算和电磁仿真为主要手段,从传输线特性阻抗与开关振荡器储能、传输线特性阻抗与天线阻抗关系及传输线特性阻抗和开关导通阻抗关系三个方面进行了研究。研究结果表明:传输线阻抗越小,振荡器储能越高;天线阻抗与传输线阻抗比值越大,输出信号品质因数越大,频谱上能量越集中,带宽越小,能量效率随比值增大呈现先增大后减小趋势;传输线特性阻抗很小时,开关阻抗对输出振荡信号影响增大,此时随特性阻抗减小,输出信号中心频率降低,品质因数减小,频谱上能量分散,带宽较宽。     

Efficiency of optical pumping in layered media

In pursuit of a mechanism to produce a population inversion at far ultraviolet or X-ray wavelengths, we have carried out detailed calculations for optical pumping of a target resonance line by radiation in a second, nearly coincident, resonance line belonging to a different species. The latter material, called a converter, is modeled as an optically thick planar slab which is characterized by pure scattering, natural-broadening in the atom's frame, and a uniform source of excitation. The target material exists within the converter slab as a set of thin plane layers equidistant from each other and the slab boundaries. Removal of energy from the target (pump) transition by a lasing transition sharing its upper level is modeled by a large thermal destruction parameter ? in the target transition. The two lines are treated as overlapping two-level transitions with full radiative coupling to each other. The efficiency of the target layers in utilizing photons generated in the converter is studied as a function of thickness of the converter slab, number and thickness of the target layers, and the frequency offset between the two overlapping resonance lines.     

An experimental work on optical component based on D-fiber/slab evanescent coupling structure

Fiber/slab coupler structure has been exploited as a passive in-line optical fiber component for functions of filtering, intensity modulating and switching by many researchers. In this work a device based on the elliptic core D-fiber and polymer slab waveguide is proposed and its fabrication is experimentally investigated. The device is constructed by placing the polymer slab on the top of the flat side of the D-fiber, and then they are tested for transmission characteristics and polarization preserving properties for various configurations. The geometrical uniformity of the device is examined under Scanning Electron Microscope for the purpose of device performance evaluation. Potential usage of this device as an all-optical switch is also discussed at the end.     

A modal Pritchard approximation for computing array element mutual impedance.

An investigation into the applicability and accuracy of Pritchard's approximation for closely packed transducer arrays is undertaken. A new, "modal" Pritchard approximation is developed, based upon normal modes of the acoustic medium, and is tested for arrays of acoustically hard spheres to ascertain its accuracy in determining the mutual acoustic radiation impedance between array elements. For ka approximately 1, it is found that the modal Pritchard approximation works quite well in approximating the mutual radiation impedance of a two-element array, even for relatively close spacing; but for arrays of three or more scatterers in close proximity the approximation may have relatively large errors. The effect of neglecting inter-element scattering is analyzed for the monopole-to-monopole scattering of various configurations of a three-element array and a sixteen-element double line array.     

非对称阻抗插入管消声器的Chebyshev-变分法建模与求解

针对非对称阻抗插入管消声器三维理论建模与求解问题,提出了一种半解析变分建模和求解方法,试验及有限元结果验证了理论模型和求解结果的正确性,开展了模态频率、声压响应及传递损失等声场特性的预测分析。首先构建插入管消声器内部子声场拉格朗日泛函,基于声压与质点振速连续性条件,得到插入管消声器三维理论模型。随后,将子声场声压展开为切比雪夫-傅里叶级数组合形式,按里兹法求得消声器三维声场模态信息。搭建了消声器传递损失试验平台,进行了刚性壁面和阻抗壁面消声器传递损失测试试验,对理论模型和计算结果进行了验证。通过算例分析了壁面阻抗的大小、阻抗面积和分布形式以及插入管偏置对消声器消声性能的影响。结果表明,提出的变分建模求解方法是有效的,对消声器壁面阻抗位置和形式的合理设置可有效降低输出声压。      

Empirical model of the acoustic impedance of a circular orifice in grazing mean flow

Although there are many analytical and empirical models for orifice impedance, the predicted acoustical performance when adopting any one of them sometimes shows a large discrepancy with the measured result in some cases. In order to obtain a new practical and precise empirical impedance model under grazing flow conditions, the acoustic impedance of circular orifices has been measured with a variation of the involved parameters under very carefully tested and controlled measurement conditions. The parameters involved in determining the acoustic impedance of an orifice are comprised of the orifice diameter, orifice thickness, perforation ratio, mean flow velocity, and frequency. The range of involved parameters is chosen to cover the practical data span of perforates in typical exhaust systems of internal combustion engines. The empirical impedance model is obtained by using nonlinear regression analysis of the various results of the parametric tests. The proposed empirical model of orifice impedance, with a very high correlation coefficient, is applied to the prediction of the transmission loss of concentric resonators, which have geometric configurations typical of acoustically short and long through-flow resonators. By comparing the measured and predicted results, in which the predictions are made by employing many previous orifice impedance models as well as the present model, it is confirmed that the proposed orifice impedance model yields the most accurate prediction among all other existing impedance models.     

锯齿形板条抽运结构的热效应数值比较

激光二极管抽运的全固态激光器中,除了激光介质的温度分布和热透镜效应以外,抽运、冷却结构对获得高光束质量、高功率激光输出至关重要。基于热传导方程,在相同的抽运功率和传导冷却边界条件下,对单侧面抽运锯齿形(zigzag)板条、单侧面键合锯齿形板条、部分抽运板条三种不同抽运结构的温度分布、热致应力、温度导致的折射率变化进行了详细的分析,并通过光线追迹方法,比较了光束在锯齿形面内和垂直于锯齿形面内的光程差,由光程差曲线分析了激光束的热透镜效应。对三种抽运结构的端面温度、端面变形和端面变形导致的光程差也进行了对比分析。结果表明,三种抽运结构在锯齿形面内的光束均表现为发散特性,在垂直于锯齿形面内的光束表现为热聚焦效应,温度导致的热聚焦特性相差不是很大。而在消除端面效应方面,键合激光板条具有明显优势。最后,提出了热透镜效应的补偿方法。     

Two-dimensional finite-element method analysis of various antennasfor ICRF plasma heating

Two-dimensional finite-element analysis is performed for ion-cyclotron range of frequency (ICRF) antennas with various cross-sectional configurations. Interest is mainly focused on the quantitative difference in the input impedance among various antennas such as the normal loop antenna, the antenna with surrounding limiter walls, and the antenna buried into the cutoff cavity. For analytical simplicity, the cold plasma approximation is used. The numerical results show how the input impedance is affected by the presence of the limiter walls or the cutoff cavity. The code described can be applied to the designs of ICRF antennas with a wide range of plasma parameters and antenna geometries     

Acoustooptic extension of the frequency tunability of CW CO2 lasers: New FIR lasers emissions from CH3OH and13CH3OH

We have increased the frequency tunability of our CW waveguide CO₂ lasers by means of an acoustooptic amplitude modulator, operating at the fixed frequency of 90 MHz. The up-shifted, or down-shifted, laser optical sideband can be generated independently by adjusting the orientation of the modulator. The efficiency is larger than 50%. The frequency tunability of the CO₂ laser around each laser line is thus increased by 180 MHz. To demonstrate the possibilities of this method, a source composed of the above modulator and of a CW, 300 MHz tunable waveguide CO₂ laser has been used for the search of new large offset FIR laser lines from optically pumped CH₃OH and¹³CH₃OH molecules. As a result 15 and 10 new large offset laser lines were discovered respectively. New assignments of some laser lines are also proposed. We have also measured the Stark effect, the offset, and the polarization of other already known lines. In particular a Stark effect frequency tuning of about 1 GHz is demonstrated for a laser line at 208.399 m.