带有可变库存费用和短缺的变质性物品的经济批量模型

传统的经济批量模型通常都假定物品的库存费用是固定不变的.放松了这个假定,通过考虑库存费用的两种可能变化情形即(A)库存费的变化率为存储时间的函数;(B)库存费的变化率为库存量的函数,并在需求线性依赖于库存水平的形式下,发展了两个变库存费的变质性物品的经济批量模型.在模型中允许短缺发生且假定短缺完全拖后,理论上证明了模型具有唯一的整体最优解,揭示了库存费的变化对库存系统最优订货策略的影响.     

存货影响销售率的无形变质物品库存控制模型

为解决存储过程中价值易发生贬值的一类无形变质物品最优订货问题,建立了一种存货影响销售率的无形变质物品库存控制模型.针对零售商期初订货批量的不同水平,以库存总成本最小为优化目标,分别求得了无形变质物品库存总成本函数.鉴于这些函数中的主要部分属于超越函数,函数性质不易探明,最优解难以直接求得.为此,从严格的数学证明出发,深入探讨了函数最优解的存在性和惟一性,为进一步研究提供了理论基础.最后,通过数值算例,系统分析了模型参数对库存总成本、期初订货批量和库存更新周期的影响,并结合实际对其结果的合理性进行了解释说明.     

考虑合同保质期的快速失效药品的二级供应链库存策略研究

医院药品对保质期和服务水平有非常高的要求,同时,药品的库存空间在医药库存中也有重要影响。首先针对快速失效的医药药品考虑了医药库存的合同保质期以及库存空间约束,同时考虑医院库存以及制造商库存,基于经济订货批量模型和经济生产批量模型建立了二级供应链的医药库存模型,然后用MATLAB软件求解了模型最优解,并对一些重要参数进行了敏感性分析。研究发现,合同保质期对医院订购批量、制造商生产批量和总库存成本有一定的影响,其中对于制造商的生产批量以及医院的库存成本影响较大。如果不考虑合同保质期的约束,将会对总库存成本带来更大损失。     

销售率线性依赖瞬时库存水平的两货栈决策模型

在成熟期的存货影响销售环境下,考虑销售率线性依赖瞬时库存水平,不允许缺货,研究了一类非变质性物品的两货栈库存决策问题.建立了以系统平均总利润最大为目标的决策模型,分析了系统最优库存策略的存在性和唯一性,并给出了求解模型的有效方法.分析结果表明,库存管理者利用租用货栈进行订货决策时,除了要充分考虑企业自身的库存容量外,还取决于自有货栈产品相关参数对库存系统绩效的边际贡献率.     

考虑通货膨胀与最长顾客等待时间的变质性物品的库存模型

本文建立了一种考虑通货膨胀与时间价值的变质性物品的库存模型,在模型中允许短缺发生且拖后的需求速率与在缺货期间已经发生的缺货量有关.和已有相关模型的主要区别在于本模型把一个可重复的订货周期内的最大平均利润的净现值作为目标函数,且增加了在缺货期间最长顾客等待时间的限制,以确保库存系统拥有较高的服务水平.然后讨论了模型最优解的存在性与唯一性,并提供了寻求模型整体最优解的算法.最后用实例说明了此模型在实际中的应用.     

考虑事故风险损失的爆炸物品经济订货批量模型研究

爆炸物品在储存过程中存在发生爆炸事故,从而给人类和环境带来伤害的可能,因此在对爆炸物品进行采购决策时必需考虑由此带来的风险损失.在给出爆炸物品事故风险损失度量方法的基础上,建立了爆炸物品的经济订货批量模型,证明了模型存在唯一最优解,并给出了模型的求解步骤,为相关企业合理制定采购决策提供了理论依据.数字算例分析了事故概率、赔偿标准、单位库存费、单次采购费对最优批量的影响,比较了考虑事故风险损失与否时的最优批量,结果表明,当事故概率或赔偿标准较高时,两者对应的最优批量差异明显.这也说明,当事故概率或赔偿标准达到一定程度时,考虑事故风险损失是十分必要的.     

库存理论(六)

§5一些进展 本节简单介绍库存论中如下几个方面的进展:多品种多级库存系统的控制、易腐物品库存理论、具有概率约束的库存模型以及现金管理中的库存问题.这几个方向在库存文献中很活跃,而且有重要的实用价值与理论意义. 5.1多品种多级库存系统的控制 多品种多级库存系统可以形象地表为在这种系统中,最高的第一级是货源点(中心 仓库),它供应第二级的库存点.依此下去,最低 一级的库存点(如零售店)直接满足顾客的需要. 货源点直接从外界订货(或组织生产). 多品种多级库存系统的一个特点是可能有多种 不同的订货策略:单个物品分别订货;联合订货…     

需求率依赖于库存水平的离散性库存费的库存模型

传统的库存控制模型都视需求率为固定不变的,放松了这个假定,通过考虑库存费为存储时间的阶梯函数的情形:(1)全单位库存费用,(2)增量库存费用,并且在需求率依赖于库存水平,当库存水平下降到一定程度时,需求率变为常数的形式下,把变化的订购费引入,发展了两个离散性库存费的变质物品的库存控制模型。在模型中允许周期末库存水平不为零,并且提出了最优解的算法。     

需求依赖于展示区库存水平的易腐品订购和转运策略

本文主要研究易腐品零售商的订货和转运策略。零售商的库存分为两部分,即展示区/货架库存和仓库库存。零售商定期向供应商订货,零售商收到订购的商品首先将其中一部分商品存放在展示区中,余下的部分储存在仓库。展示区的空间是有限的,并且需求依赖于展示区商品的库存量。本文首先建立了以平均利润最大化为目标的库存优化模型并对模型最优解的存在性进行了分析,然后得到了求解最优订购量、转运量、转运时间间隔以及再订购点的算法,最后给出了不同参数条件下的算例。     

变库存费的变质性物品的最优订货策略

经典的 EOQ模型所解决的问题都是视库存费为常数 ,在这篇文章中 ,我们研究了库存费的二种可能的变化 :(A)库存费的变化率为存贮时间的函数 ;(B)库存费的变化率为库存量的函数 .揭示了变库存费对库存系统最优订货策略的影响     

A Two-Warehouse Probabilistic Order-Level Inventory Model for Deteriorating Items

In this paper an order-level probabilistic inventory model for deteriorating items with two warehouses is developed. It is assumed that the production rate is infinite and shortages are allowed. The rates of deterioration of items in the two warehouses are different. Also, a single-warehouse version for deteriorating items is discussed. This paper also considers a two-warehouse model for non-deteriorating items. An illustrative example offers a comparative study of the optimum cost for varying shortage cost.     

A comparison of different dispatching policies in two-warehouse inventory systems for deteriorating items over a finite time horizon

This paper considers a two-warehouse inventory problem for deteriorating items with a constant demand rate over a finite time horizon. A modified first-in-first-out dispatching policy is first proposed, and a new two-warehouse inventory model based on this dispatching policy is developed. The results of this model are then compared with those of other models based on classical dispatching policies, such as the last-in-first-out, modified last-in-first-out and first-in-first-out dispatching policies. We also prove the existence and uniqueness of the optimal solutions for the models considered. Finally, a numerical example is presented to illustrate the results, and several key conditions are derived for comparing the general cases of these four models.     

Economic ordering policy for deteriorating items over an infinite time horizon

In this paper a total cost model is presented for the inventory problem of deteriorating items. A constant fraction of on hand inventory at the beginning of a period deteriorates during the period. The demand for the items during a period is supplied at the end of the period. However, shortages accumulated during a scheduling period are supplied at the start of the next scheduling period. An approach is suggested for determining economic ordering policy for the case of time varying demand and a search procedure is developed when demand is constant in each period.     

Optimal EOQ Models for Deteriorating Items with Time-Varying Demand

In this paper, optimal inventory lot-sizing models are developed for deteriorating items with general continuous time-varying demand over a finite planning horizon and under three replenishment policies. The deterioration rate is assumed to be a constant fraction of the on-hand inventory. Shortages are permitted and are completely backordered. The proposed solution procedures are shown to generate global minimum replenishment schedules for both general increasing and decreasing demand patterns. An extensive empirical comparison using randomly generated linear and exponential demands revealed that the replenishment policy which starts with shortages in every cycle is the least cost policy and the replenishment policy which prohibits shortages in the last cycle exhibited the best service level effectiveness. An optimal procedure for the same problem with trended inventory subject to a single constraint on the minimum service level (maximum fraction of time the inventory system is out of stock during the planning horizon) is also proposed in this paper.     

延期支付条件下允许缺货的变质物品库存模型

在延期支付条件下,建立了缺货量部分拖后的变质物品库存模型,证明了最优解的存在性与唯一性,并给出确定最优订购策略的算法步骤,最后用数值例子验证了模型与算法的有效性.     

An EOQ Model for Deteriorating Items with Time Varying Demand and Costs

A generalized EOQ model for deteriorating items is considered here in which the demand rate, deterioration rate, holding cost and ordering cost are all assumed to be continuous functions of time. Shortages are also allowed and are completely backlogged. The planning horizon is finite and the replenishment periods are assumed to be constant. The optimal replenishment policy and the decision rule which minimizes the total system cost are derived. A numerical example is given to illustrate the developed model. Sensitivity analysis is also presented for the given model.     

折扣支付部分拖后供给量的易变质物品经济批量模型

在假定备运期间费用函数为备运时间一般函数的前提下,将备运期和折扣率作为决策变量,建立了折扣支付部分拖后供给量的易变质物品经济批量模型,给出了寻求最优备运期、最优折扣率及最优订购周期的简单方法,并给出了参数的灵敏度分析和应用实例.     

Optimal replenishment policy for imperfect quality EMQ model with rework and backlogging

This paper derives the optimal replenishment policy for imperfect quality economic manufacturing quantity (EMQ) model with rework and backlogging. The classic EMQ model assumes that all items produced are of perfect quality. However, in real‐life manufacturing settings, generation of imperfect quality items is almost inevitable. In this study, a random defective rate is assumed. All items produced are inspected and the defective items are classified as scrap and repairable. A rework process is involved in each production run when regular manufacturing process ends, and a rate of failure in repair is also assumed. Unit disposal cost and unit repairing and holding costs are included in our mathematical modelling and analysis. The renewal reward theorem is employed in this study to cope with the variable cycle length. The optimal replenishment policy in terms of lot‐size and backlogging level that minimizes expected overall costs for the proposed imperfect quality EMQ model is derived. Special cases of the model are identified and discussed. Numerical example is provided to demonstrate its practical usage. Copyright © 2006 John Wiley & Sons, Ltd.     

A probabilistic inventory model for deteriorating items with lead time equal to one scheduling period

A probabilistic inventory model for continuously deteriorating items is developed, in which the lead time is assumed to be of one scheduling period, shortages are not allowed, time is treated as discrete variable, and deterioration is assumed to be a constant fraction of the on hand inventory. The developed model is related to the EOQ model for deteriorating items. An example is given to illustrate the derived results.     

A two-warehouse partial backlogging inventory model for deteriorating items with permissible delay in payment under inflation

In the business transactions, the supplier usually offers a permissible delay in payment to his retailer to attract more sales. In addition, a permissible delay in payment may be applied as an alternative to price discount. Based on the above phenomena, we incorporate a permissible delay in payment into the model of Yang [1] and develop a two-warehouse partial backlogging inventory model for deteriorating items with permissible delay in payment under inflation. The objective of this study is to derive the retailer’s optimal replenishment policy that maximizes the net present value of the profit per unit time. The necessary and sufficient conditions for an optimal solution are characterized. An algorithm is developed to find the optimal solution. Finally, numerical examples are provided to illustrate the proposed model. Sensitivity analysis is made and some managerial implications are presented.