Antiproliferation- and Apoptosis-Inducible Effects of a Novel Nitrated [6,6,6]Tricycle Derivative (SK2) on Oral Cancer Cells

The benzo-fused dioxabicyclo[3.3.1]nonane core is the central framework in several natural products. Using this core, we had developed a novel nitrated [6,6,6]tricycle-derived compound containing an n-butyloxy group, namely, SK2. The anticancer potential of SK2 was not assessed. This study aimed to determine the antiproliferative function and investigated possible mechanisms of SK2 acting on oral cancer cells. SK2 preferentially killed oral cancer cells but caused no harmful effect on non-malignant oral cells. After the SK2 exposure of oral cancer cells, cells in the sub-G1 phase accumulated. This apoptosis-like outcome of SK2 treatment was validated to be apoptosis via observing an increasing annexin V population. Mechanistically, apoptosis signalers such as pancaspase, caspases 8, caspase 9, and caspase 3 were activated by SK2 in oral cancer cells. SK2 induced oxidative-stress-associated changes. Furthermore, SK2 caused DNA damage (γH2AX and 8-hydroxy-2′-deoxyguanosine). In conclusion, a novel nitrated [6,6,6]tricycle-derived compound, SK2, exhibits a preferential antiproliferative effect on oral cancer cells, accompanied by apoptosis, oxidative stress, and DNA damage.     

卟啉介导抗癌药物研究

卟啉是一类具有特别生物功能的化合物，对于增殖异常的组织具有一定的亲和 力．利用这一特性，合成了四—对羟基苯卟啉(Zn^Ⅱ)甲氨蝶呤衍生物，并使用红 外、紫外、质谱、核磁和元素分析等手段对该化合物进行了表征．做了该化合物在 细胞水平上抗艾氏腹水型肿瘤实验，其IC50值为0.28μg/mL。同时在小鼠体内做了 抗艾氏腹水型肿瘤实验，抑瘤率为75．82％．初步实验表明，该化合物具有良好的 抗癌体内外活性及较小的毒副作用．从配位化学的角度提出了该化合物具有良好的 抗癌作用的可能机理．     

Sphingosine mediates FTY720-induced apoptosis in LLC-PK1 cells

FTY720, a synthetic sphingoid base analog, was examined as a new sphingosine kinase inhibitor, which converts endogenous sphingosine into its phosphate form. With 20 microM of FTY720, sphingosine accumulated in the LLC-PK(1) cells in a time- and dose-dependent manner. The FTY720 treated cells showed a high concentration of fragmented DNA, a high caspase-3 like activity and TUNEL staining cells. It was also found that the sphingosine and sphinganine level increased in a time- and dose-dependent manner within 12 h after the FTY720 treatment. The sphingosine kinase activity was reduced by FTY720 as much as other sphingosine kinase inhibitors, N, N-dimethylsphingosine (DMS), dl-threo-dihydrosphingosine (DHS). The fragmented DNA content as a result of the 20 microM of FTY720 treatment and by 5 microM of the exogenously added BSA-sphingosine complex indicated typical apoptosis. Under similar conditions, the accumulated sphingosine concentration in all the cells was almost identical even though the sphingosine distribution inside the cells was somewhat different. These results indicate that the FTY720 induced apoptosis is associated with the inhibition of the sphingosine kinase activity and is strongly associated with the successive accumulation of sphingosine.     

Design and Synthesis of 3-Substituedmethylenethiochroman-4-ones as Anticancer Agents

A series of 3-substituedmethylenethiochroman-4-ones was designed and synthesized, and their structures were confirmed by 1H NMR, 13C NMR, MS, IR, UV and elemental analysis. The results of their anticancer activity studies show that almost all 3-chloromethylenethiochroman-4-ones exhibit high anticancer activities and their activities are all better than reference cisplatin. Their IC50 against cancer cells is in a range of 0.80―9.17 μg/mL. Thus they could be promising candidates for anticancer drugs. However, compound 5 has no activity against cancer cells, thus chloromethylene at the 3 position of thiochroman-4-ones seems to play an important role in observed anticancer activities.     

抗肿瘤氟喹诺酮C3等排衍生物——噁二唑曼尼希碱衍生物的合成和抗肿瘤活性

用噁二唑硫酮杂环作为培氟沙星(1)的C3羧基电子等排体,得中间体C3噁二唑硫酮4(5),再将其与仲胺或取代苯胺及甲醛通过氨甲基化反应形成系列氟喹诺酮C3噁二唑硫酮曼尼希碱(6a~6j)目标化合物。 用元素分析、1H NMR和MS测试技术确证了目标化合物的组成和结构。 采用MTT法评价了目标化合物对体外培养人肝癌Hep-3B细胞生长的抑制活性。 结果表明,10种目标化合物活性均显著高于对照化合物1的活性,并且脂肪胺曼尼希碱的活性高于芳香胺曼尼希碱的活性。     

Tuning the acyclic ether moiety of anticancer agent AA005 with conformationally constrained fragments

A new series of anticancer annonaceous acetogenin mimetics were designed, synthesized, and evaluated based on our previously developed compound AA005, in which a variety of conformationally constrained fragments were introduced. Parallel syntheses of all new compounds were accomplished by replacement of the acyclic bis-ether functionality of AA005 with certain conformationally constrained fragments. Slight effects to the anticancer activity were exerted by altering stereochemistries in the middle modification region. Similar to AA005, most newly synthesized mimetics were found to exhibit potent activities against breast cancer cells, and showed satisfactory selectivities between cancerous and non-cancerous cells. An N,N'-dimethyl bis-amide compound 67 exhibits 30 times more potency against MDA-MB-468 cells than its parent molecule AA005. This study indicates that the introduction of appropriate conformational constraints is a useful optimizing tool for this class of anticancer agents. Successes in the bis-amide analogues of AA005 make this unique class of anticancer agents much simpler and more flexible for future further developments.     

Synthesis of the key intermediate, diethyl 2-acetylamino-2-(2-(4-octanoylphenyl)ethyl)propane-1,3-dioate, of the immunomodulatory agent FTY720 (fingolimod)

The key intermediate, diethyl 2-acetylamino-2-(2-(4-octanoylphenyl)ethyl)propane-1,3-dioate (13), for the immunomodulatory agent FTY720 (2: fingolimod) was synthesized via Michael addition of diethyl(acetylamino)malonate (6) to 4-octanoylstyrene (12).     

Synthesis of fluorinated analogues of the immunosuppressive drug FTY720

Four fluorinated derivatives of the immunosuppressive drug FTY720 were synthesized by a convergent strategy, using the Sonogashira coupling as the key reaction to assemble the two major fragments.     

Synthesis of Novel Trifluoromethyl Group Containing Pyrido Furo/Thieno Pyrimidinone Derivatives and Their Anticancer Activity

A series of novel trifluoromethyl group containing pyridofuro/thieno pyrimidinone derivatives 5a–p were prepared starting from 2‐oxo/thioxo‐6‐phenyl/thien‐2‐yl‐4‐(trifluoromethyl)‐1,2‐dihydropyridine‐3‐carbonitrile 1 compound on reaction with bromoethylacetate and further different primary aliphatic amines, under their refluxing conditions to afford amide tagged furo/thieno pyridine derivatives 4 . Compound 4 on reaction with trifluoroacetic acid and obtained novel trifluoromethyl group containing pyridofuro/thieno pyrimidinone derivatives 5a–p . All the synthesized compounds 5a–p were tested for anticancer activity on four cancer cell lines such as HeLa cervical cancer (CCL‐2), COLO 205 colon cancer (CCL‐222), HepG2 liver cancer (HB‐8065), MCF7 breast cancer (HTB‐22), and one normal cell line (HEK 293); compounds 5m , 5n , and 5p are found to be more promising anticancer activity at micromolar concentration and found to be nontoxic on normal cell line.     

Synthesis,Crystal Structure and Anticancer Activities of Tetrahydropyrido[4,3‐d]dihydropyrimidine‐2‐thiones

A new series of tetrahydropyrido[4,3‐d]dihydropyrimidine‐2‐thiones ( 3a–3x ) were designed and synthesized. Their structures were confirmed by ¹H NMR, IR, MS and elemental analysis, and the conformation of compound 3j was confirmed by X‐ray diffraction. Preliminary bioassays indicated that most of the target compounds presented good antiproliferative activities against leukemic K562 cells, ovarian cancer HO‐8910 cells and liver cancer SMMC‐7721 cells in vitro. Among them the compounds 3i and 3m afford the best activity, the IC₅₀ of them were 3.22 and 3.65 µg/mL against leukemic K562 cells, respectively, which were lower than the anticancer drug of clinical practice 5‐FU (IC₅₀=8.56 µg/mL). Preliminary mechanism of action studies revealed that compound 3i caused DNA fragmentation and activated caspase‐3/7 in leukemic K562 cells.     

Efficient synthesis of new oxindol-based heterocyclic entities via indolin-2-one derivatives

New series of oxindol-based heterocyclic entities (2–11) have been designed and synthesized using indolin-2-one derivatives as key materials (1a–d). The chemical structures of the new synthesized compounds were characterized by FTIR, ¹HNMR, ¹³CNMR, MS spectroscopy and elemental analyses. Three of the newly synthesized compounds were tested for anticancer activity in the National Cancer Institute (NCI) against human panel breast cancer cell line MCF7, from the in vitro assays compound 6c presented promising anti-cancer activity using Doxorubicin as a reference. Compound 6c could be a lead compound for discovery of new anticancer agent.     

三氮杂大环及其衍生物的合成与其生物活性

合成了一种新的1,4,7-三氮杂十环配体及其4种衍生物,通过元素分析,IR,1HNMR和MS光谱对其结构进行了表怔。用人癌细胞Hela 和 HCT26对合成的目标化合物进行了生物活性研究,结果表明,所合成的化合物都有一定的抗肿瘤活性,并呈剂量效应关系,其中化合物4作用后的HCT26细胞呈现变性坏死的形态学改变,可明显诱导HCT26肿瘤细胞凋亡。     

Et3N‐Prompted Efficient Synthesis of Anthracenyl Pyrazolines and Their Cytotoxicity Evaluation against Cancer Cell Lines

A series of anthracenyl pyrazoline derivatives ( 3a – o ) were synthesized with an aim to evaluate their in vitro anticancer activities. Anthracenyl pyrazoline compounds were prepared by the reaction between various anthracenyl chalcones ( 1a – o ) and hydrazine hydrate ( 2 ). The reactions were carried out under reflux in the presence of triethylamine and ethanol for 24 h, and the obtained yields were from good to excellent (90–97%). The structure of each compound is well characterized by IR, ¹H‐NMR, ¹³C‐NMR, elemental analyses, and mass spectroscopic technics, and the molecular structures of compounds 3d and 3e were solved by single‐crystal X‐ray crystallographic methods. The newly synthesized compounds ( 3a – o ) were evaluated for their in vitro cytotoxic studies against four human cancer cell lines MCF‐7 (breast cancer cell lines), SK‐N‐SH (neuroblastoma cancer cell lines), HeLa (cervical cancer cell lines), and HepG2 (liver cancer cell lines), and the screening results show strong cytotoxic effects for most of the synthesized compounds against the three cell lines except SK‐N‐SH cells. Notably, compounds 3a , 3j , 3l , 3m , 3n , and 3o showed a highly potential activity against HeLa cells (IC₅₀: 0.22, 0.3, 0.3, 0.10, 0.25, and 0.25 μM), while compounds 3i , 3k , 3l , and 3m showed a significant cytotoxic activity in HepG2 cells (IC₅₀: 0.22, 0.44, 0.40, and 0.22 μM), whereas compounds 3a , 3b , 3d , and 3e exhibit a promising cytotoxicity against MCF‐7 cells (IC₅₀: 0.73, 0.495, 0.493, and 0.66 μM).     

Efficient chromatography-free synthesis of the oxy-analogue of fingolimod

Fingolimod (FTY720) and its analogue derivatives are not only promising therapeutics in sphingolipid signaling but also valuable tools for understanding the roles of sphingolipids in (patho)physiological conditions. A practical method for the synthesis of the ether analogue of FTY720 is described. Our final synthetic approach allows high yield and efficient synthesis of O-FTY in only four steps without chromatographic purifications.     

Design,Synthesis, and Docking Studies of Novel Dimethyl Triazene Incorporated Thiazolyl Pyrazolines for Anticancer Activity

A novel series of dimethyl triazene incorporated thiazolyl pyrazolines have been designed on the basis of hybridization and also in support with combi‐targeting approach. The designed compounds were synthesized through facile synthetic methods, and the compounds were confirmed by ¹H NMR, ¹³C NMR, MS, and elemental analysis. Further, compounds were screened for in vitro anticancer activity against human breast cancer (MCF‐7) and human colon cancer (HT‐29) cell lines by MTT assay. Among all the tested compounds, compound 9b showed highest activity against both the cell lines in comparison with reference drug, Cisplatin. In addition, the synthesized compounds were docked into VEGFR‐2 kinase (PDB code: 2XIR) to explore their binding interactions at the active site. The compounds showed essential key interactions as that of known VEGFR‐2 inhibitors, and hence, the synthesized compounds may be considered as molecular scaffolds for anticancer activity.     

白杨素甘氨酸类化合物的合成及抗癌活性

以白杨素为起始原料, 通过卤代和水解反应制得中间产物7-O-羧烷基化的白杨素衍生物(6~9); 然后以1-乙基-3-(3-二甲氨基丙基)碳二亚胺(EDCI)、 1-羟基苯并三氮唑(HOBt)和4-二甲氨基吡啶(DMAP)为催化体系, 4个中间产物分别与甘氨酸甲酯盐酸盐进行酰胺缩合反应, 制得白杨素甘氨酸甲酯类化合物12~15; 化合物12~15在pH=10~11和室温下水解得到相应的白杨素甘氨酸类化合物(16~19). 所有目标化合物的结构均经 ¹H NMR, ¹³C NMR, IR以及MS确认. 以顺铂为阳性对照药物, 采用噻唑蓝比色(MTT)法检测了目标化合物对人肝癌细胞HepG2和人胃癌细胞MGC-803的体外增殖抑制作用. 结果表明, 目标化合物14~16, 18和19的体外抗肿瘤活性明显强于白杨素, 且化合物18(IC₅₀=4.36 μmol/L)对MGC-803细胞的增殖抑制作用强于阳性药物顺铂(IC₅₀=4.40 μmol/L).     

UHPLC–MS/MS analysis of sphingosine 1‐phosphate in joint cavity dialysate and hemodialysis solution of adjuvant arthritis rats: Application to geniposide pharmacodynamic study

Geniposide (GE) is an iridoid glycoside compound with anti‐inflammatory effect. The potential of sphingosine 1‐phosphate (S1P) as a plasma marker in human diseases was suggested recently in the literature, which demonstrated that, in patients with inflammatory diseases, plasma S1P was elevated. It follows that the obstructive coronary artery disease can be predicted with serum S1P. Therefore, S1P can also be potentially used as a pharmacodynamic marker to study adjuvant arthritis (AA) rats. In the current study, a UHPLC–MS/MS method combined with the microdialysis sampling technique (using FTY720 phosphate as an internal standard) was adopted and validated to measure S1P levels in the hemodialysis fluid and joint cavity dialysates of AA rats after oral administration of GE. A S1P concentration–time curve in the dialysate was established in this study. It was demonstrated that GE exerted an anti‐inflammatory effect by reducing AA‐induced elevated S1P levels. It is showed that changes in S1P concentrations over time can be used to monitor the pharmacodynamic effects of GE in treating AA rats in pharmacodynamic studies.     

Synthesis and anticancer activity of benzotriazole derivatives

A series of benzotriazole (BTA) derivatives were synthesized as tyrosine protein kinase inhibitors using fragment-based design strategy. All desired compounds were synthesized with the reaction of benzotriazole, chloroacetonitrile and aromatic aldehyde using Ultrasonic-Microwave method and characterized by IR, ¹H and ¹³C-NMR, mass spectrometry (MS) and elemental analysis. The anticancer activity of these compounds was evaluated by CCK-8 method against carcinoma VX2, lung cancer A549, stomach cancer cell lines MKN45 and MGC in vitro. The results showed that all compounds showed good antiproliferative activity. In particular, compound 2.1 showed the most prominent inhibition of VX2 cell lines with IC₅₀ of 3.80 ± 0.75 μM. Compound 2.2 exhibited highly potent anticancer activity of stomach MGC cell lines with IC₅₀ of 3.72 ± 0.11 μM. A549 and MKN45 cell lines were sensitive to compound 2.5 with IC₅₀ of 5.47 ± 1.11 and 3.04 ± 0.02 μM, respectively.