正常妊娠与妊高征患者血清中8种必需微量元素水平的研究

７８例正常妊娠妇女和４０例妊高征患者血清中铁、锌、铜、锰、硒、铬、钴和镍的含量与健康未孕妇女比较，正常妊娠妇女和妊高征患者均是铜和锰的含量升高，铁、锌、硒、铬、钴和镍含量降低；妊高征患者与正常妊娠妇女比较，则是铁、铜和锰的含量升高，锌、硒、铬、钴和镍的含量降低。     

过敏性哮喘患者血清中10种必需微量元素水平的研究

３４例过敏性哮喘患者血清中铁，锌、铜，锰硒铬，钴镍，钡，钼的含量水平与对照组比较，揭示：（１）铁，铜，铬的含量升高；（２）硒，镍，钴、钒的钼的含量降低；（３）锌和锰的含量差异无显著性，Ｐ〉０．０５。     

Biogeochemical investigations of some continental water systems in Yugoslavia by instrumental activation analysis

The theoretical approaches to the biogeochemical examination of continental water systems in Yugoslavia are discussed. These water systems have been characterized by the parameters (partial and integral contents of elements C_X) of the components of these systems, vir. living and non-living matter (non-living matter: materials dissolved in water C_W, suspended and bed materials C_sm and C_bm, soil in the rivers basin C_s; living matter C_vivo: plankton C_p, algae C_al, benthos C_b, shells and crustacea C_sc, fish C_f). The values of the integral contents of Cr, Sb, Sc, Fe, Co, La and Na in the components of the rivers Danube, Sava, V. Morava, Tisa and Karas are presented and discussed.     

116例冠心病患者血清中10种必需微量元素水平的研究

１１６例冠心病患者血清中１０种必需微量元素的含量与正常值比较，具有如下特点：（１）铁，锌、铬，镍含量升高；２硒钴，钒，钼含量降低；（３）铜和锰差异无显著性。     

Determination of trace element impurities in aspirin tablets by neutron activation analysis

Twenty five trace and minor elements (aluminium, arsenic, barium, bromine, cerium, chlorine, cobalt, chromium, cesium, europium, iron, hafnium, potassium, magnesium, manganese, sodium, rubidium, antimony, scandium, selenium, strontium, thorium, titanium, vanadium and zinc) in five different Egyptian aspirin brands (Aspo, Askin, Aspocid, Aspeol and Rivo) have been determined by instrumental neutron activation analysis. It has been concluded that the concentration of arsenic, barium, bromine, cobalt, chromium, iron (except in Aspocid), magnesium, manganese, rubidium, selenium, strontium and zinc in the Egyptian brands is below or within the concentration range reported for these elements in 16 American aspirin and aspirin-like brands.     

肿瘤患者放疗前后血清八种微量元素含量的研究

对临床、病理、放射线或CT检查确诊的82名癌肿患者，在放疗前后和对42名健康人进行了微量元素铁、锌、铜、锰、硒，铬、钴、镍的分析。研究结果显示：1．癌肿患者血清铜、镍、锰、铬、钴的含量比健康人高，而血清锌、铁、硒的含量却比健康人低；2．血清Cu／Zn、Cr／Zn、Co／Zn、Ni／Zn的比值癌肿患者均比健康人高，而Fe、Zn、Se／Zn的比值却相反。因此，可根据血清铜升高、血清锌降低，血清铜／锌比值升高的特点。用于癌肿的早期诊断；3．癌肿患者放疔后血清铁、锌含量进一步下降，铜、锰、铬的含量也出现降低，唯有硒的含量有所上升。因此，放疗时应注意补充铁、锌、铜元素。     

Coprecipitation with yttrium phosphate as a separation technique for iron(III), lead, and bismuth from cobalt, nickel, and copper matrices

The coprecipitation behavior of 44 elements (47 ions because of chromium(III,VI), arsenic(III,V), and antimony(III,V)) with yttrium phosphate was investigated at various pHs. Yttrium phosphate could quantitatively coprecipitate iron(III), lead, bismuth, and indium over a wide pH range; however, 18 ions, including alkali metals and oxo anions, such as vanadium(V), chromium(VI), molybdenum(VI), tungsten(VI), germanium(IV), arsenic(III,V), selenium(IV), and tellurium(VI), were scarcely collected. In addition, 19 ions, including cobalt, nickel, and copper(II), were hardly coprecipitated at pHs below about 3. Based on these results, the separation of iron(III), lead, and bismuth from cobalt, nickel, and copper(II) matrices was investigated. Iron(III), lead, and bismuth ranging from 0.5 to 25 μg could be separated effectively from a solution containing 0.5 g of cobalt, nickel, or copper at pH 3.0. The separated iron(III), lead, and bismuth could be determined by inductively coupled plasma atomic emission spectrometry using internal standardization. The detection limits (3σ, n = 7) of iron(III), lead, and bismuth were 0.008, 0.137, and 0.073 μg, respectively. The proposed method was applied to the analyses of metals and chlorides of cobalt, nickel, and copper.     

Nutritional values of trace elements in dried desserts

Desserts are the most aromatic and delicious parts of meals, and also a source of nutrient trace elements for the human body. In this work, instrumental neutron activation analysis has been applied to determine the trace elements antimony, chromium, cobalt, iron, manganese, potassium, rubidium, scandium, sodium and zinc in creme caramel, ice-creams, jellies and mousse dried desserts from the Greek market. According to our results, their classification as nutrient trace element sources for the human body is: mousse>ice-cream>creme caramel>jelly. Among the different studied flavours, chocolate and its derivatives are the richest in nutrient trace elements. Moreover, the consumption of one portion of a chocolate mousse dessert can offer to the human body about 60% of the daily required chromium, 40% of the daily required iron, 10% of the daily required manganese and potassium and 4% of the daily required sodium.     

Determination and statistical analysis of trace element and active constituent concentrations in the medicinal plant Eucalyptus camaldulensis Dehnh (E. rostratus Schlecht)

In the leaves of the medicinal plant Eucalyptus camaldulensis Dehnh (E. rostratus Schlecht) collected from different sampling areas of Greece the trace elements antimony, cesium, chromium, cobalt, iron, europium, rubidium, scandium, strontium, thorium and zinc were determined by Instrumental Neutron Activation Analysis. In the same samples, the essential oil was determined by steam distillation and the percent relative composition of the essential oil in 1,8-cineole, p-cymene, -pinene by gas liquid chromatography. Also the refractive index of the essential oil was determined by a refractometer. Statistical analysis included the calculation of the correlation coefficient. Multiple correlation and cluster analysis was applied to all analytical data. The results showed that the trace elements iron, chromium, cobalt and zinc are correlated with the variation of the concentration of essential oil in the examined plant. These four elements along with rubidium and essential oil content could be used for the separation of the samples into groups related to the sampling areas. Statistically significant correlation between active constituents and some trace elements and a linear negative correlation between 1,8-cineole and refractive index were found.     

Solvent extraction of metals with hydroxamic acids

Solvent extraction with hydroxamic acids has been investigated. with comparison of aliphatic and aromatic reagents for the extraction of iron, copper, cobalt and nickel. Caprylohydroxamic acid has been evaluated for use in extraction systems for titanium, vanadium, chromium, molybdenum and uranium, both in terms of acidity of aqueous phase and oxidation state of the metal. It has been established that caprylohydroxamic acid in 1-hexanol is a suitable extractant for the removal of titanium(IV), vanadium(V), chromium(VI), molybdenum(VI) and uranium(VI) from 6M hydrochloric acid.     

Determination of some trace elements in food and soil samples by atomic absorption spectrometry after coprecipitation with holmium hydroxide

The determination of trace elements in food and soil samples by atomic absorption spectrometry was investigated. A coprecipitation procedure with holmium hydroxide was used for separation-preconcentration of trace elements. Trace amounts of copper(II), manganese(II), cobalt(II), nickel(ll), chromium(lll), iron(Ill), cadmium(ll), and lead(ll) ions were coprecipitated with holmium hydroxide in 2.0 M NaOH medium. The optimum conditions for the coprecipitation process were investigated for several commonly tested experimental parameters, such as amount of coprecipitant, effect of standing time, centrifugation rate and time, and sample volume. The precision, based on replicate analysis, was lower than 10% for the analytes. In order to verify the accuracy of the method, the certified reference materials BCR 141 R calcareous loam soil and CRM 025-050 soil were analyzed. The procedure was successfully applied for separation and preconcentration of the investigated ions in various food and soil samples. An amount of the solid samples was decomposed with 15 mL concentrated hydrochloric acid-concentrated nitric acid (3 + 1). The preconcentration procedure was then applied to the final solutions. The concentration of trace elements in samples was determined by atomic absorption spectrometry.     

微波消解–电感耦合等离子体发射光谱法测定DD6单晶合金中铝、铬、钴

建立电感耦合等离子体发射光谱法测定DD6单晶高温合金中铝、铬、钴元素含量的方法。采用密闭微波消解法对样品进行前处理,利用模拟溶液分别考察基体元素和共存元素的光谱干扰及非光谱干扰对测定结果的影响,确定了铝、铬、钴的分析谱线分别为394.401,267.716,228.616 nm,通过基体匹配法对非光谱干扰进行补偿。待测元素在各自的质量浓度范围内与光谱强度呈良好的线性关系,相关系数均为0.9999,铝、铬、钴的检出限分别为0.110,0.018,0.003 μg/mL。测定结果的相对标准偏差为0.99%~1.21%(n=11),铝、铬、钴的加标回收率在分别为96.45%~103.69%,98.20%~99.40%,100.22%~102.85%。该方法简便、快速,具有较高的准确度,适用于镍基单晶高温合金中铝、铬、钴元素的测定。     

The analysis of beryllium and beryllium oxide—IV The determination of cobalt

A method is described for the determination of cobalt in beryllium or beryllium oxide by extraction of the cobalt thiocyanate complex with acetylacetone (2:4-pentanedione). The method is accurate to ±2% or 2 μg of cobalt, whichever is greater. Of the 68 elements investigated only manganese and chromium interfere in 10 mg amounts. No interference was observed when 1g of each had been removed by ion-exchange or volatilisation (of chromium only) before extraction.     

有机金属配合物控制的活性自由基聚合研究进展

活性自由基聚合(Living radical polymerization,LRP)是高效可控地制备结构新颖的高分子材料的重要方法,近年来逐渐成为高分子合成领域的研究热点.本文综述了一类重要的活性自由基聚合方法,即有机金属配合物控制的自由基聚合(Organometallic mediated radical polymerization,OMRP)的最新研究进展,介绍了钛、钒、铬、钼、铁、锇、钴、铑、钯和铜等有机金属配合物为催化剂控制的OMRP,并简述了OMRP方法在光致LRP、嵌段共聚物的合成、与其他LRP方法联用及聚合物端基修饰和转化等方面的拓展.此外,本文还对有待进一步深入探索的领域和问题提出了建议和展望.     

Trivalent chromium,manganese, iron and cobalt chelates of a tetradentate N6 macrocyclie ligand

Summary Trivalent chromium, manganese, iron and cobalt salts reactin situ with 2,6-diaminopyridine and acetylacetone to form complexes of the 16-membered N₆ tetradentate macrocyclic ligand. The chelates are characterised as distorted square-pyramidal of [M(TML)X] type, where M = chromium(III), manganese(III), iron(III) and cobalt(III); X=Cl, Br, NO₃ or NCS for chromium(III) and iron(III) and X=(OAc) for manganese(III) and (OH) for cobalt(III). The ligand coordinates through all the nitrogen atoms through deprotonation of two of them, however, the pyridine nitrogens do not take part in coordination. The chelates incorporate one anion or hydroxyl group in the coordination sphere. The magnetic, electronic and i.r. spectral studies indicate lower symmetries for these chelates. The amount of distortion is calculated in terms of DT/DQ by applying NSH theory. X-ray measurements on powder form of the complexes show their isomorphic nature and also support the proposed structures.     

电感耦合等离子体发射光谱(ICP-OES)法测定泡菜在腌渍过程中矿物质元素的含量变化

按四川传统方式制作泡菜,用硝酸-过氧化氢作消解剂,微波消解预处理样品,电感耦合等离子体发射光谱(ICP-OES)法测定泡菜制作过程中样品的钾、钠、钙、镁、锌、铁、铜、硒、镉、铅、铬等12种矿物质元素的含量变化。结果表明,在乳酸自然发酵环境下,蔬菜腌渍的前5d,除钠外,所测6种样品中钙、镁、锌、铁、铜等11种矿物质元素含量均大幅度降低,致使泡菜软化;且组织结构相近的不同种蔬菜经过较长时间腌制后,各矿物质元素含量基本一致。     

Determination of cobalt, copper, iron, nickel and zinc in cemented tungsten carbides with cobalt as a binder by FAAS: Matrix effect control by multivariate technique

A new approach for the determination of cobalt, copper, iron, nickel and zinc in cemented tungsten carbides with cobalt as a binder by flame atomic absorption spectrophotometry (FAAS) is reported. Real samples were dissolved in phosphoric, hydrochloric and nitric acid. PTFE bomb or alternatively small amounts of HF were used for the enhancement of the recovery of the elements investigated. Synthetic samples were used for interference studies. Multiple linear regression was applied for the control of matrix effects and it proved to be very effective in the search for interfering elements. Using simple acid based standards, all investigated elements could be determined sequentially in a complex matrix by using an appropriate method of calculation. The method described has been succesfully applied to real type commercial samples. Results were compared with those obtained by inductively coupled plasma atomic emission spectrometry (ICP-AES) and X-ray fluorescence spectrometry (XRF), being in good agreement with each other and having relative standard deviations better than 5%.     

Certification of a second-generation biological reference material (freeze-dried human serum) for trace element determinations

The certification of a second-generation biological reference material (freeze-dried human serum) for trace element determinations is described. The material was prepared under rigorously controlled conditions to avoid extraneous additions. Analytical data were obtained by the authors as well as by numerous other intra- and extra-mural investigators, solicited on the basis of established experience in determining selected elements. For 14 trace elements (aluminium, chromium, manganese, iron, cobalt, copper, zinc, arsenic, selenium, bromine, rubidium, molybdenum, cadmium and caesium) certified values (in ng g^?1 or μg g^?1 dry weight) are listed; for an additional element (nickel) a best estimate (in ng g^? dry weight) is added. Trace element concentrations in the material, which is available to the scientific community, closely approximate those in normal, lyophilized blood plasma or serum samples. The material thus provides the means to check the accuracy and precision of analytical procedures for quantifying low-level trace elements in the best possible conditions and to detect errors that can easily be overlooked when reference materials with higher levels of trace elements are used. In addition, and in contrast to already existing biological reference materials with high levels of trace elements, it offers the possibility of identifying unsuspected errors at the sample preparation stage.     

Interferences of three elements in flame photometry Cr-Co-Mn system

The correction methods proposed by two of the authors (F.B-M and J.R-M ), for interferential systems of two or three elements in flame photometry, have been applied to the interferential effects that occur in solutions containing chromium, cobalt and manganese, all three elements being present or combinations of two of them.A comparison has been made of the different systems in aqueous and sulphuric acid solutions, with concentrations which varied between 50 and 500 p.p.m. of cobalt or manganese and between 200 and 2000 p.p.m. of chromium.The correction methods that may be applied to experimental values obtained by flame photometry with these systems have been indicated. A series of examples have also been included in order to show the results obtained with prepared solutions of known concentration and with samples previously analysed by chemical methods.Finally, the possibility of increasing the accuracy of the methods by means of a double correction has been considered.