Relaxation and phase space singularities in time series of human magnetoencephalograms as indicator of photosensitive epilepsy

To analyze the crucial role of fluctuation and relaxation effects for the function of the human brain we studied some statistical quantifiers that support the information characteristics of neuromagnetic brain responses (magnetoencephalogram, MEG). The signals to a flickering stimulus of different color combinations have been obtained from a group of control subjects which is then contrasted with those of a patient suffering photosensitive epilepsy (PSE). We found that the existence of the specific stratification of the phase clouds and the concomitant relaxation singularities of the corresponding nonequilibrium dynamics of the chaotic behavior of the signals in separate areas in a patient provide likely indicators for the zones which are responsible for the appearance of PSE.     

Generalized phase space method in spin systems-spin coherent state representation

A generalized phase space method for spin operators is developed. With the use of a spin coherent state representation, mapping rules from spin operators onto ac-number space are established; simple formulas to calculate the mappedc-number functions are also derived. A product theorem, which gives a way of mapping a product of operators, is obtained in an intuitive form. This can be advantageously used to transform a Liouville equation into ac-number equation. As an illustrative example, the method is applied to the Heisenberg model of a magnet.     

The delay vector variance method for detecting determinism and nonlinearity in time series

A novel ‘delay vector variance’ (DVV) method for detecting the presence of determinism and nonlinearity in a time series is introduced. The method is based upon the examination of local predictability of a signal. Additionally, it spans the complete range of local linear models due to the standardisation to the distribution of pairwise distances between delay vectors. This provides consistent and easy-to-interpret diagrams, which convey information about the nature of a time series. In order to gain further insight into the technique, a DVV scatter diagram is introduced, which plots the DVV curve against that for a globally linear model (surrogate data). This way, the deviation from the bisector line represents a qualitative measure of nonlinearity, which can be used additionally for constructing a quantitative measure for statistical testing. The proposed method is compared to existing methods on synthetic, as well as standard real-world signals, and is shown to provide more consistent results overall, compared to other, established nonlinearity analysis methods.     

A unified symmetry of nonholonomic mechanical systems in phase space

In this paper, we have studied the unified symmetry of a nonholonomic mechanical system in phase space. The definition and the criterion of a unified symmetry of the nonholonomic mechanical system in phase space are given under general infinitesimal transformations of groups in which time is variable. The Noether conserved quantity, the generalized Hojman conserved quantity and the Mei conserved quantity are obtained from the unified symmetry. An example is given to illustrate the application of the results.     

Noether——Lie symmetry and conserved quantities of mechanical system in phase space

In this paper, a new kind of symmetry and its conserved quantities of a mechanical system in phase space are studied. The definition of this new symmetry, i.e. a Noether--Lie symmetry, is presented, and the criterion of this symmetry is also given. The Noether conserved quantity and the generalized Hojman conserved quantity of the Noether--Lie symmetry of the system are obtained. The Noether--Lie symmetry contains the Noether symmetry and the Lie symmetry, and has more generalized significance.     

System of interacting harmonic oscillators in rotationally invariant noncommutative phase space

Rotationally invariant space with noncommutativity of coordinates and noncommutativity of momenta of canonical type is considered. A system of N interacting harmonic oscillators in uniform field and a system of N particles with harmonic oscillator interaction are studied. We analyze effect of noncommutativity on the energy levels of these systems. It is found that influence of coordinates noncommutativity on the energy levels of the systems increases with increasing of the number of particles. The spectrum of N free particles in uniform field in rotationally invariant noncommutative phase space is also analyzed. It is shown that the spectrum corresponds to the spectrum of a system of N harmonic oscillators with frequency determined by the parameter of momentum noncommutativity.     

Conformal invariance and conserved quantities of general holonomic systems in phase space

This paper studies the conformal invariance and conserved quantities of general holonomic systems in phase space. The definition and the determining equation of conformal invariance for general holonomic systems in phase space are provided. The conformal factor expression is deduced from conformal invariance and Lie symmetry. The relationship between the conformal invariance and the Lie symmetry is discussed, and the necessary and sufficient condition that the conformal invariance would be the Lie symmetry of the system under the infinitesimal single-parameter transformation group is deduced. The conserved quantities of the system are given. An example is given to illustrate the application of the result.     

非对易相空间中的狄拉克振子的能级和Wigner函数

非对易几何、弦论和圈量子引力理论的发展,使非对易空间受到越来越多的关注.非对易量子理论不同于平常的量子理论,它是弦尺度下的特殊的物理效应,处理非对易量子力学问题需要特殊方法.本文首先介绍了Moyal方程与Wigner函数,利用Moyal-Weyl乘法与Bopp变换将H(x,p)变换成^H(^x,^p),考虑坐标—坐标、动量—动量的非对易性,实现对非对易相空间中星乘本征方程的求解.并利用非对易相空间量子力学的代数关系,讨论了非对易相空间中狄拉克振子的Wigner函数和能级,研究结果发现非对易相空间中狄拉克振子的能级明显依赖于非对易参数.     

基于结构光编码的相展开方法

探讨了一种新的基于结构光编码相展开技术。实现方法是先将计算机构造的用于解相的光栅由投影仪投射到物体上 ,再将计算机构造的一系列黑白相间的编码光栅也由投影仪投射到物体上 ,然后将畸变栅线图像由摄像机采集到计算机中 ,用解相光栅进行解相得到折叠在 [-π ,π]区间内的相主值 ,用所述结构光编码方法进行相展开得到相位的周期 ,二者相加得到真实相位值。与传统的相展开方法相比 ,该方法相展开过程变得相对简单 ,不依赖于路径 ,不存在误差的传播 ,对噪声的抗干扰能力强 ,能够得到准确的周期 ,并能够与解相过程有机结合起来。实验证明该方法获取光栅周期快速、准确     

New non-Noether conserved quantities of mechanical system in phase space

This paper focuses on studying non-Noether conserved quantities of Lie symmetry and of form invariance for a mechanical system in phase space under the general infinitesimal transformation of groups. We obtain a new non-Noether conserved quantity of Lie symmetry of the system, and Hojman and Mei's results are of special cases of our conclusion. We find a condition under which the form invariance of the system will lead to a Lie symmetry, and, further, obtain a new non-Noether conserved quantity of form invariance of the system. An example is given finally to illustrate these results.     

New conserved quantities of Noether--Mei symmetry of mechanical system in phase space

This paper studies two new types of conserved quantities deduced by Noether Mei symmetry of mechanical system in phase space. The definition and criterion of Noether Mei symmetry for the system are given. A coordination function is introduced, and the conditions under which the Noether- Mei symmetry leads to the two types of conserved quantities and the forms of the two types of conserved quantities are obtained. An illustrative example is given. The coordination function can be selected according to the demand for finding the gauge function, and the choice of the coordination function has multiformity, so more conserved quantities deduced from Noether Mei symmetry of mechanical system can be obtained.     

Recovery of delay time from time series based on the nearest neighbor method

We propose a method for the recovery of delay time from time series of time-delay systems. The method is based on the nearest neighbor analysis. The method allows one to reconstruct delays in various classes of time-delay systems including systems of high order, systems with several coexisting delays, and nonscalar time-delay systems. It can be applied to time series heavily corrupted by additive and dynamical noise.     

A new type of conserved quantity of Mei symmetry for relativistic nonholonomic mechanical system in phase space

In this paper, a new type of conserved quantity induced directly from the Mei symmetry for a relativistic nonholonomic mechanical system in phase space is studied. The definition and the criterion of the Mei symmetry for the system are given. The conditions for the existence and form of the new conserved quantity are obtained. Finally, an example is given to illustrate the application of the result.     

Unconventional Hamilton-type variational principle in phase space and symplectic algorithm

By a novel approach proposed by Luo, the unconventional Hamilton-type variational principle in phase space for elastodynamics of multidegree-of-freedom system is established in this paper. It not only can fully characterize the initial-value problem of this dynamic, but also has a natural symplectic structure. Based on this variational principle, a symplectic algorithm which is called a symplectic time-subdomain method is proposed. A non-difference scheme is constructed by applying Lagrange interpolation polynomial to the time subdomain. Furthermore, it is also proved that the presented symplectic algorithm is an unconditionally stable one. From the results of the two numerical examples of different types, it can be seen that the accuracy and the computational efficiency of the new method excel obviously those of widely used Wilson-θ and Newmark-β methods. Therefore, this new algorithm is a highly efficient one with better computational performance.     

非对易相空间三模坐标动量耦合谐振子的能谱

本文用不变本征算符方法研究非对易相空间中三模坐标动量耦合谐振子的能谱,分别得到了非耦合和坐标动量耦合两种情况下谐振子能谱的解析解,其中包括受非对易参数θ和φ影响的解λ0,1和λ1,1,以及不受非对易参数θ和φ影响的解λ0,2和λ1,2.然后,分析了两类耦合参数κ和η对三模坐标动量耦合谐振子能谱的影响.结果发现,耦合参数κ和η对λ1,1的影响是相同的,且当κ=η时,耦合系数κ和η对λ1,1是没有影响的.     

Self-mixing interferometry based on sinusoidal phase modulation and integrating-bucket method

In order to realize real-time displacement measurement with high resolution, sinusoidal phase modulation and integrating-bucket method are introduced in the self-mixing interference (SMI) system firstly. The phase of the laser beam is modulated by an electro-optic modulator (EOM) in the external cavity. Theoretical analysis, simulation results and error evaluation are presented. Experimentally, the micro-displacement of a high-precision commercial PZT is reconstructed and the reconstruction accuracy is on the order of nanometers for displacements of a few micrometers.     

An Aharonov-Anandan phase gate in the sub-Hilbert space of a coupling flux qubits system

We study two flux qubits with a parameter coupling scenario. Under the rotating wave approximation, we truncate the 4-dimensional Hilbert space of a coupling flux qubits system to a 2-dimensional subspace spanned by two dressed states |01 and |10 . In this subspace, we illustrate how to generate an Aharnov-Anandan phase, based on which, we can construct a NOT gate (as effective as a C-NOT gate) in this coupling flux qubits system. Finally, the fidelity of the NOT gate is also calculated in the presence of the simulated classical noise.     

Exact solutions for nonlinear Schr?dinger equation in phase space: applications to Bose－Einstein condensate

The stationary-state nonlinear Schr?dinger equation, which models the dilute-gas Bose－Einstein condensate, is introduced within the framework of the quantum phase-space representation established by Torres-Vega and Frederick. The exact solutions of equation are obtained in the phase space, by means of the wave-mechanics method. The eigenfunctions in position and momentum spaces are obtained through the ‘Fourier-like' projection transformation from the phase space eigenfunctions. The eigenfunction with a hypersecant part is discussed as an example.     

Lie symmetry and Mei symmetry of a rotational relativistic system in phase space

The Lie symmetry and the Mei symmetry of a rotational relativistic system in phase space are studied. The definition, criterion and conserved quantity of the Lie symmetry and the Mei symmetry of a rotational relativistic system in phase space are given. The relation between the Lie symmetry and the Mei symmetry is found. An example is given to illustrate the application of the result.