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电解液及构筑电极电解液界面对于开发和应用高比容量储能系统至关重要。具体来说,电解液的机械(抗压性、粘度)、热(热导率和热容)、化学(溶解性、活度、反应性)、输运和电化学(界面及界面层)等性质,与其所组成的储能器件的性能直接相关。目前,大量的实验研究通过调控电解液的物理和/或化学组成来改善电解液性能,以满足新型电极材料的工作运行。与此同时,理论模拟方法近年来得到了迅速发展,使人们可以从原子尺度来理解电解液在控制离子输运和构筑功能化界面的作用。站在理论模拟研究的前沿上,人们可以利用其所揭示的机理性认识对新型电解液开展理性设计。本文首先总结了传统电解液的组成、溶剂化结构和输运性质以及电极电解液界面层的形成机理,进一步讨论了利用新型电解液设计稳定电极电解液界面层的方法,包括使用电解液添加剂、高浓电解液和固态电解质,并着重讨论了对这些新型电解液体系进行原子尺度模拟的最新进展,为了解和认识电解液提供更为基本的理解,并为未来电解液的设计提供系统的指导。最后,作者对新型电解液的理论筛选进行了展望。 相似文献
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为提高柔性锂离子电池安全性和循环稳定性能,本实验以自由基聚合结合冷冻干燥得到的聚丙烯酰胺膜为电解质载体,引入21 mol·kg-1 LiTFSI 高浓度电解液,得到“water-in-salt”聚合物电解质。通过聚合物膜的形貌和孔道结构表征,红外光谱分析,离子电导率及电化学稳定窗口测试等对其基本物化特性进行了研究。冷冻干燥得到的聚丙烯酰胺膜内部具有大量微孔结构,有利于电解液的载入。将该吸附了电解液的聚合物电解质膜与锰酸锂(LiMn2O4)正极和磷酸钛锂(LiTi2(PO4)3)负极组装全电池进行充放电性能测试。结果表明,制得的柔性聚合物电解质具有良好的拉伸性能,高离子电导率(20°C,4.34 mS·cm-1)和宽电化学稳定窗口(3.12 V)。以“water-in-salt”聚合物电解质为隔膜组装的LiMn2O4||LiTi2(PO4)3 全电池表现出优异的倍率性能和长循环稳定性。 相似文献
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Chi‐Cheung Su Meinan He Jiayan Shi Rachid Amine Jian Zhang Khalil Amine 《Angewandte Chemie (International ed. in English)》2020,59(41):18229-18233
Despite the exceptionally high energy density of lithium metal anodes, the practical application of lithium‐metal batteries (LMBs) is still impeded by the instability of the interphase between the lithium metal and the electrolyte. To formulate a functional electrolyte system that can stabilize the lithium‐metal anode, the solvation behavior of the solvent molecules must be understood because the electrochemical properties of a solvent can be heavily influenced by its solvation status. We unambiguously demonstrated the solvation rule for the solid‐electrolyte interphase (SEI) enabler in an electrolyte system. In this study, fluoroethylene carbonate was used as the SEI enabler due to its ability to form a robust SEI on the lithium metal surface, allowing relatively stable LMB cycling. The results revealed that the solvation number of fluoroethylene carbonate must be ≥1 to ensure the formation of a stable SEI in which the sacrificial reduction of the SEI enabler subsequently leads to the stable cycling of LMBs. 相似文献
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Yeguo Zou Yabin Shen Dr. Yingqiang Wu Hongjin Xue Yingjun Guo Gang Liu Prof. Limin Wang Prof. Jun Ming 《Chemistry (Weinheim an der Bergstrasse, Germany)》2020,26(35):7930-7936
Rechargeable lithium-ion batteries (LIBs) dominate the energy market, from electronic devices to electric vehicles, but pursuing greater energy density remains challenging owing to the limited electrode capacity. Although increasing the cut-off voltage of LIBs (>4.4 V vs. Li/Li+) can enhance the energy density, the aggravated electrolyte decomposition always leads to a severe capacity fading and/or expiry of the battery. Herein, a new durable electrolyte is reported for high-voltage LIBs. The designed electrolyte is composed of mixed linear alkyl carbonate solvent with certain cyclic carbonate additives, in which use of the ethylene carbonate (EC) co-solvent was successfully avoided to suppress the electrolyte decomposition. As a result, an extremely high cycling stability, rate capability, and high-temperature storage performance were demonstrated in the case of a graphite|LiNi0.6Co0.2Mn0.2O2 (NCM622) battery at 4.45 V when this electrolyte was used. The good compatibility of the electrolyte with the graphite anode and the mitigated structural degradation of the NCM622 cathode are responsible for the high performance at high potentials above 4.4 V. This work presents a promising application of high-voltage electrolytes for pursuing high energy LIBs and provides a straightforward guide to study the electrodes/electrolyte interface for higher stability. 相似文献
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液态锂离子电池存在易燃易爆、易短路等致命的安全问题,同时也存在续航里程焦虑等技术问题,开发安全性能好、能量密度高的锂离子电池是行业发展的迫切需求。与传统液态锂离子电池相比,全固态电池具有使用安全、理论比容量高等优点,所以得到了广泛的研究,被誉为下一代电池主流技术。其中,无机固态电解质在全固态电池中扮演着重要的角色,国内外的科研人员对此进行了大量的研究工作。本文介绍了不同类型无机固态电解质的最新进展,其中包括氧化物固态电解质、硫化物固态电解质和卤化物固态电解质;并对无机固态电解质的界面问题、晶体结构、制备方法以及掺杂改性等方面的研究进行了阐述。最后,对近几年来无机固态电解质还有待解决的问题进行了讨论,同时对其未来的研究方向作出了展望。 相似文献
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Chi-Cheung Su Meinan He Jiayan Shi Rachid Amine Jian Zhang Khalil Amine 《Angewandte Chemie (Weinheim an der Bergstrasse, Germany)》2020,132(41):18386-18390
Despite the exceptionally high energy density of lithium metal anodes, the practical application of lithium-metal batteries (LMBs) is still impeded by the instability of the interphase between the lithium metal and the electrolyte. To formulate a functional electrolyte system that can stabilize the lithium-metal anode, the solvation behavior of the solvent molecules must be understood because the electrochemical properties of a solvent can be heavily influenced by its solvation status. We unambiguously demonstrated the solvation rule for the solid-electrolyte interphase (SEI) enabler in an electrolyte system. In this study, fluoroethylene carbonate was used as the SEI enabler due to its ability to form a robust SEI on the lithium metal surface, allowing relatively stable LMB cycling. The results revealed that the solvation number of fluoroethylene carbonate must be ≥1 to ensure the formation of a stable SEI in which the sacrificial reduction of the SEI enabler subsequently leads to the stable cycling of LMBs. 相似文献
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本文综述了锂离子电池正、负极嵌锂材料/电解质界面膜形成功能分子的研究现状。在总结负极界面膜形成机理的基础上,根据成膜功能分子形成SEI膜的不同机理,从饰膜机制和成膜机制两个方面对现有成膜功能分子的作用效果进行了综述与评价,提出了现有SEI膜形成功能分子的不足及所面临的问题。此外,简单阐述了正极界面膜的形成机制以及正极界面膜形成功能分子的研究进展。文章最后简单综述了理论计算方法在锂离子电池界面膜研究中的应用,并对其在设计新型成膜功能分子的应用前景进行了展望。 相似文献
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石墨烯是一种单原子层厚度的石墨材料,具有独特的二维结构和优异的电学、力学以及热学性能。同时它也是一种具有良好应用前景的锂离子电池电极材料。电极材料的微观结构对其性能有很大影响,利用石墨烯获得具有特殊形貌和微观结构的电极材料,能有效改善材料的各项电化学性能。本文综述了石墨烯及其复合材料在锂离子电池中的应用研究进展。在负极复合材料中,石墨烯不仅可以缓冲材料在充放电过程中的体积效应,还可以形成导电网络提升复合材料的导电性能,提高材料的倍率性能和循环寿命。通过优化复合材料的微观结构,例如夹层结构或石墨烯片层包覆结构,可进一步提高材料的电化学性能。在正极复合材料中,石墨烯形成的连续三维导电网络可有效提高复合材料的电子及离子传输能力。此外,相比于传统导电添加剂,石墨烯导电剂的优势在于能用较少的添加量,达到更加优异的电化学性能。最后对石墨烯复合材料的研究前景进行了展望。 相似文献
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基于1 mol ·dm-3 LiPF6/EC的传统非水型电解液已在锂离子电池中应用了20年。高功率、高比能锂离子电池以及锂金属电池(如Li-O2和Li-S)的发展,对电解液提出了更高的要求,使得电解液的研究与开发到了一个革新换代的阶段。研究者们已经在离子液体、聚合物电解质和无机固态电解质等新型体系研究方面取得一定的研究成果,但是这些新体系存在的本征问题使其商业化应用面临一定的困难。研究者们也开始重新审视已优化的常规液态电解液体系,高浓度锂盐电解液(>3 mol ·dm-3)再次引起广泛关注。本文综述了高浓度锂盐电解液的发展历程、溶液结构特征、分类标准及其特殊的物理化学性能、锂离子传输性质和电解液/电极相容性;对高浓度锂盐电解液存在的主要问题进行了简要分析,提出了相应的改进措施,展望了高浓度锂盐电解液未来的发展方向,为新型电解液的开发提供了一条新思路。 相似文献
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高安全高电压电解液的开发是锂离子电池电解液发展的重要方向。有机硅化合物由于具有独特的理化性能,使其成为锂离子电池电解液领域的研究热点之一。本文综述了有机硅电解液的研究进展,重点从功能分子设计的角度介绍含碳酸酯基、氨基甲酸酯基、腈基、离子液体、含氟类的有机硅功能电解液溶剂制备及电池性能表现;详细阐述具有结构多样性的有机硅化合物用作高电压添加剂、高安全添加剂、高/低温添加剂、储存/耐自放电添加剂、吸酸吸水添加剂及其在不同电池材料体系中的应用。最后,对有机硅电解液的研究趋势和应用前景进行了展望。 相似文献
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Xiao‐Tong Wang Zhen‐Yi Gu Wen‐Hao Li Xin‐Xin Zhao Jin‐Zhi Guo Kai‐Di Du Xiao‐Xi Luo Xing‐Long Wu 《化学:亚洲杂志》2020,15(18):2803-2814
As the power supply of the prosperous new energy products, advanced lithium ion batteries (LIBs) are widely applied to portable energy equipment and large‐scale energy storage systems. To broaden the applicable range, considerable endeavours have been devoted towards improving the energy and power density of LIBs. However, the side reaction caused by the close contact between the electrode (particularly the cathode) and the electrolyte leads to capacity decay and structural degradation, which is a tricky problem to be solved. In order to overcome this obstacle, the researchers focused their attention on electrolyte additives. By adding additives to the electrolyte, the construction of a stable cathode‐electrolyte interphase (CEI) between the cathode and the electrolyte has been proven to competently elevate the overall electrochemical performance of LIBs. However, how to choose electrolyte additives that match different cathode systems ideally to achieve stable CEI layer construction and high‐performance LIBs is still in the stage of repeated experiments and exploration. This article specifically introduces the working mechanism of diverse electrolyte additives for forming a stable CEI layer and summarizes the latest research progress in the application of electrolyte additives for LIBs with diverse cathode materials. Finally, we tentatively set forth recommendations on the screening and customization of ideal additives required for the construction of robust CEI layer in LIBs. We believe this minireview will have a certain reference value for the design and construction of stable CEI layer to realize desirable performance of LIBs. 相似文献
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固态聚合物电解质被认为是解决传统液态锂金属电池安全隐患和循环性能的关键材料,但仍然存在离子电导率低,界面兼容性差等问题。近年来,基于无机填料与聚合物电解质的高锂离子电导的有机-无机复合电解质备受关注。根据渗流理论,有机-无机界面被认为是复合电解质离子电导率改善的主要原因。因此,设计与优化有机-无机渗流界面对提高复合电解质离子电导率具有重要意义。本文从渗流结构的设计出发,综述了不同维度结构的无机填料用于高锂离子电导的有机-无机复合电解质的研究进展,并对比分析了不同渗流结构的优缺点。基于上述评述,展望了有机-无机复合电解质的未来发展趋势和方向。 相似文献
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锂离子电池是一种能量密度高、安全稳定和使用寿命长的储能器件,已广泛应用于移动电子设备和电动汽车等领域。二氧化钛(TiO2)具有无毒害、价格低廉、储量大和化学结构稳定等优点,是一种具有应用前景的负极材料。然而,TiO2的实际应用受限于自身较低电子电导率和锂离子(Li+)扩散系数。本文总结了TiO2三种常见晶型的储锂机制(锐钛矿TiO2两相固溶储锂机制、TiO2(B)本征赝电容储锂机制和金红石TiO2电位控制相变过程);针对其电子传导和Li+扩散能力的不足,详细综述了纳米结构维度设计、本征/非本征电子结构调控(元素掺杂、Ti3+自掺杂和高导电材料修饰)和异相结优化改性三方面的研究进展。最后展望了TiO2材料在锂离子电池及其他二次电池领域的发展趋势和应用前景。 相似文献