石墨相氮化碳在光催化苯甲醛氧化耦合制氢领域的研究进展

石墨相氮化碳(g-C₃N₄)是一类非金属聚合物半导体材料, 具有良好的可见光响应、 优异的化学稳定性和可调节的能带结构, 在光催化分解水制氢、 空气净化、 环境修复等领域有着广阔的应用前景. 目前, g-C₃N₄光催化分解水的研究主要聚焦析氢半反应, 而牺牲试剂的氧化反应以及光生空穴则未被加以利用. 光催化苯甲醇氧化反应具有较高的选择性, 在光催化制氢的同时还能够获得苯甲醛. 我们结合最新国内外研究成果, 系统地综述了g-C₃N₄在光催化苯甲醇氧化耦合制氢方面的应用, 从分子改性、 显微结构及缺陷调控、 非金属元素掺杂、 金属负载和复合材料设计等5个方面介绍了g-C₃N₄光催化苯甲醇氧化提升性能的研究策略. 重点总结了g-C₃N₄的结构和光生载流子分离效率对催化性能的影响, 并对g-C₃N₄光催化苯甲醛氧化耦合制氢的后续发展进行了展望.     

基于杂多酸的负载离子液相催化在醇氧化中的应用

采用溶胶-凝胶法制备的离子液体功能化的二氧化硅对于杂多酸是一种可行的载体,三种商用杂多酸成功的负载在离子液体功能化的二氧化硅上作为醇氧化的催化剂.利用FTIR、XRD、XPS对该种负载离子液相催化剂进行了表征.基于磷钨酸的负载离子液相催化剂活性最好,高产率(大部分＞93%)的得到了相应的羰基化合物.且该催化剂经过简单的...     

Selective Alcohol Oxidation by a Copper TEMPO Catalyst: Mechanistic Insights by Simultaneously Coupled Operando EPR/UV‐Vis/ATR‐IR Spectroscopy

The first coupled operando EPR/UV‐Vis/ATR‐IR spectroscopy setup for mechanistic studies of gas‐liquid phase reactions is presented and exemplarily applied to the well‐known copper/TEMPO‐catalyzed (TEMPO=(2,2,6,6‐tetramethylpiperidin‐1‐yl)oxyl) oxidation of benzyl alcohol. In contrast to previous proposals, no direct redox reaction between TEMPO and Cu^I/Cu^II has been detected. Instead, the role of TEMPO is postulated to be the stabilization of a (bpy)(NMI)Cu^II‐O₂^??‐TEMPO (bpy=2,2′‐bipyridine, NMI=N‐methylimidazole) intermediate formed by electron transfer from Cu^I to molecular O₂.     

Catalytic Activity Dependency on Catalyst Components in Aerobic Copper–TEMPO Oxidation

The influence of catalyst components in the copper–TEMPO (2,2,6,6‐tetramethylpiperidine N‐oxide) catalysed aerobic oxidation of alcohols was investigated. The type and amount of base greatly influences reactivity. The bipyridyl ligand concentration had no major influence on catalysis, but excessive amounts led to a decrease in activity for longer reaction times. The kinetic dependency for TEMPO was found to be 1.15, and for copper 2.25, which is an indication of a binuclear catalytic system. Optimised conditions with various allylic and aliphatic alcohols give good to excellent rapid oxidations.     

光电解水制氢耦合生物质醇/醛氧化的研究进展

生物质醇/醛是一类重要的生物基平台化合物, 通过催化氧化重整可将其进一步转化为高值含氧化学品或燃料. 太阳能驱动的光电催化技术是实现生物质醇/醛氧化最为绿色高效的途径之一. 与传统光电解水制氢相比, 利用生物质醇/醛氧化来替代阳极析氧过程不仅可以提高阳极产物的附加值, 同时可以提升太阳能到氢能的转化效率. 因此, 光电解水制氢耦合生物质醇/醛氧化对绿氢提效降本和高值化学品合成具有重要意义. 本文综合评述了光电解水制氢耦合生物质醇/醛的氧化反应机理, 总结了目前光电催化技术在生物质醇/醛氧化方面的研究进展, 最后对该领域所面临的机遇和挑战进行了展望.     

Photocatalytic Hydrogen Production Coupled with Selective Benzylamine Oxidation over MOF Composites

Photocatalytic water splitting requires separation of the mixed H₂ and O₂ products and is often hampered by the sluggish O₂‐producing half reaction. An approach is now reported to address these issues by coupling the H₂‐producing half reaction with value‐added benzylamine oxidation reaction using metal–organic framework (MOF) composites. Upon MOF photoexcitation, the electrons rapidly reduce the protons to generate H₂ and the holes promote considerable benzylamine oxidation to N‐benzylbenzaldimine with high selectivity. Further experimental characterizations and theoretical calculation reveal that the highly conjugated s‐triazine strut in the MOF structure is crucial to the efficient charge separation and excellent photocatalytic activity.     

Environmentally Benign Oxidation of Some Organic Sulfides with 34% Hydrogen Peroxide Catalyzed by Simple Heteropolyoxometalates

An environmentally benign oxygenation protocol was developed for selective oxidation of some types of aromatic and aliphatic sulfides in good to excellent yields utilizing 34% hydrogen peroxide catalyzed by simple heteropolyoxometalates in normal drinking water at room temperature. The catalysts could be recovered and reused for at least seven reaction cycles under the described reaction conditions without considerable loss of reactivity. This procedure introduced a new insight into the use of simple heteropolyanions as recoverable catalysts for the oxidation of organic sulfides by an environmentally acceptable protocol. Keywords     

Formation and Oxidation of Hydrogen Molybdenum Bronze on Platinum Electrode in Sulfuric Acid Solution

Hydrogen molybdenum bronze (HxMoO3) can be electrodeposited on platinum and oxidized in two steps to the hydrogen molybdenum bronze with less amount of hydrogen HyMoO3 (y相似文献   

The Virtue of Defects: Stable Bromine Production by Catalytic Oxidation of Hydrogen Bromide on Titanium Oxide

Rutile TiO₂ is a heavily investigated oxide with, to date, scarce applications in industrial catalysis. The inactivity of this material in oxidations has been related to its inability to dissociate molecular oxygen. Herein we show how rutile catalyzes the oxidation of HBr to Br₂ through defect states that are introduced during the reaction. The identification of active, stable, and abundant materials for bromine production is key to the future implementation of Br₂‐mediated alkane functionalization processes. The catalytic properties of TiO₂ are discussed in comparison to expensive rutile‐type oxides, such as RuO₂ and IrO₂, on the basis of surface characterization and molecular modeling.     

Palladium‐Catalyzed Intramolecular Hydroamination of Allenes Coupled to Aerobic Alcohol Oxidation

Taking the air! A Pd^II‐catalyzed intramolecular hydroamination of allenes coupled to alcohol oxidation has been developed. This reaction is performed by using a nitrogen‐based ligand under aerobic conditions, under which the molecular oxygen is used as the terminal oxidant for the reoxidation of Pd⁰ species to complete the catalytic cycle.

     

Catalytic Hydrogen Production by Ruthenium Complexes from the Conversion of Primary Amines to Nitriles: Potential Application as a Liquid Organic Hydrogen Carrier

The potential application of the primary amine/nitrile pair as a liquid organic hydrogen carrier (LOHC) has been evaluated. Ruthenium complexes of formula [(p‐cym)Ru(NHC)Cl₂] (NHC=N‐heterocyclic carbene) catalyze the acceptorless dehydrogenation of primary amines to nitriles with the formation of molecular hydrogen. Notably, the reaction proceeds without any external additive, under air, and under mild reaction conditions. The catalytic properties of a ruthenium complex supported on the surface of graphene have been explored for reutilization purposes. The ruthenium‐supported catalyst is active for at least 10 runs without any apparent loss of activity. The results obtained in terms of catalytic activity, stability, and recyclability are encouraging for the potential application of the amine/nitrile pair as a LOHC. The main challenge in the dehydrogenation of benzylamines is the selectivity control, such as avoiding the formation of imine byproducts due to transamination reactions. Herein, selectivity has been achieved by using long‐chain primary amines such as dodecylamine. Mechanistic studies have been performed to rationalize the key factors involved in the activity and selectivity of the catalysts in the dehydrogenation of amines. The experimental results suggest that the catalyst resting state contains a coordinated amine.     

Hydrogen Oxidation on a Platinum Microelectrode: Effect of Carbon Monoxide Impurities

The kinetics of the hydrogen oxidation and the CO adsorption on a Pt (ultra)microelectrode is studied in a 0.5 M H₂SO₄ solution saturated with a mixture of gaseous H₂ and CO at partial CO pressures p _CO = 10–500 ppm. The balance between rates of diffusion and adsorption of CO at different adsorption times is studied. Studied is the effect of CO impurities in H₂ on steady-state polarization curves for the hydrogen ionization and nonsteady-state curves of the oxidation current decay with time at 0.02–0.05 V. Conditions under which in a certain time interval and at a certain CO concentration the slope of an I vs. t curve is proportional to p _CO are determined. The obtained dependence may be used when designing a technique for monitoring CO impurities in technical hydrogen.     

Application and Mechanistic Studies of a Water‐Oxidation Catalyst in Alcohol Oxidation by Employing Oxygen‐Transfer Reagents

By using a dimeric ruthenium complex in combination with tert‐butyl hydrogen peroxide (TBHP) as stoichiometric oxidant, a mild and efficient protocol for the oxidation of secondary benzylic alcohols was obtained, thereby giving the corresponding ketones in high yields within 4 h. However, in the oxidation of aliphatic alcohols, the TBHP protocol suffered from low conversions owing to a competing Ru‐catalyzed disproportionation of the oxidant. Gratifyingly, by switching to Oxone (2 KHSO₅ ? KHSO₄ ? K₂SO₄ triple salt) as stoichiometric oxidant, a more efficient and robust system was obtained that allowed for the oxidation of a wide range of aliphatic and benzylic secondary alcohols, giving the corresponding ketones in excellent yields. The mechanism for these reactions is believed to involve a high‐valent Ru^V–oxo species. We provide support for such an intermediate by means of mechanistic studies.