Meso-Carbon Atom Nucleophilic Attack Susceptibility in the Sterically Strained Antiaromatic Bis-BODIPY Macrocycle and Extended Electron-Deficient BODIPY Precursor**

A sterically strained 32π-electron antiaromatic bis-BODIPY macrocycle in which two BODIPY fragments are linked by p-divinylbenzene groups was prepared and characterized. Unlike regular BODIPYs, the fluorescence in this macrocycle is quenched. The broad signals in the NMR spectra of the macrocycle were explained by the vibronic freedom of the p-divinylbenzene fragments. The possible diradicaloid nature of the macrocycle was excluded on the basis of variable-temperature EPR spectra in solution and in solid state, which is indicative of its closed-shell quinoidal structure. The meso-C−H bond in the macrocycle and its precursor BODIPY dialdehyde 3 forms a weak hydrogen bond with THF and is susceptible for the nucleophilic attack by organic amines and cyanide anion. The reaction products of such a nucleophilic attack have meso-sp³ carbon atoms and were characterized by NMR, mass spectrometry and, in one case, X-ray crystallography. Unlike the initial bis-BODIPY macrocycle, the adducts have strong fluorescence in the 400 nm region. The electronic structure and spectroscopic properties of new chromophores were probed by density functional theory (DFT) and time-dependent DFT (TDDFT) calculations and correlate well with the experimental data.     

Thermal Stability of Silica-polyorganosiloxane Systems

Thermal stability of silica-polyvinylsiloxane systems with different ratio of hydrophilic and hydrophobic components and its forms with adsorbed dyes were studied using thermochemical method. It was shown that the maximum of endoeffect relating to dehydroxylation of sorbents surface is observed at 325°C. The maximum temperature of the second endoeffect depends on the organosilica sorbents composition and increases with a decrease of hydrophilic and hydrophobic sites ratio. It was found that the values of the summary thermal effect lowers upon the raise of the quantity of silanol groups. It was shown that thermal stability of composition materials is higher in comparison with initial organosilica sorbents. This revised version was published online in August 2006 with corrections to the Cover Date.     

Thermal Stability of Some Textile Dyes

The effect of thermal treatment at 25–800°C on the structure of some textile dyes (rhodanine' derivatives) has been investigated. The general formula of these dyes are;[(R)–C₆H₄–C₃NS₂O–C₅H₄N–CH=CH–C₆H₄N(CH₃)₂]; 2-[p-dimethylamino-styryl]-6-[5-(3-aryl)-rhodanine]-1,2-dihydropyridine and its derivatives, R=H (I), o-OCH₃ (II), p-OCH3 (III) and p-OH (IV). The techniques employed were TG, IR, UV, NMR and elemental analysis. The results showed that the thermal stability of these dyes depends on the nature of the substituent (R) alkyl radical present and its position in the benzene ring. On the basis of the application of a non-isothermal kinetic equation, it was found to be a first order reaction. Some kinetic and thermodynamic parameters for the thermal decomposition process in each stage have been evaluated by the application of two different calculation methods. To support the above results a simple quantum study was reported. This revised version was published online in August 2006 with corrections to the Cover Date.     

乙酰氧肟酸的热稳定性分析

为预防化工生产、储运和使用中由乙酰氧肟酸(Acetohydroxamic acid, AHA)引发的火灾和爆炸事故, 采用绝热量热法对其热稳定性进行实验研究, 并将加速量热仪(Accelerating Rate Calorimeter, ARC)的测试结果与差示扫描量热仪(Differential Scanning Calorimetry, DSC)的结果进行了比较. ARC绝热测试结果表明, AHA的初始放热温度为352.68 K, 最高放热温度为465.82 K, 最大温升速率和最大温升速率时间分别为8.748 K•min^－1和382.65 min, 单位质量AHA生成气体的最大压力为2.22 MPa•g^－1. 根据ARC绝热测试结果, 采用速率常数法计算了AHA的动力学参数表观活化能和指前因子, 并求出了AHA的某种典型包装的不可逆温度和自加速反应温度. 研究结果表明, AHA的热稳定性较差, 爆炸性较强.     

Stability and Photoisomerization of Stilbenes Isolated from the Bark of Norway Spruce Roots

Stilbenes or stilbenoids, major polyphenolic compounds of the bark of Norway spruce (Picea abies L. Karst), have potential future applications as drugs, preservatives and other functional ingredients due to their antioxidative, antibacterial and antifungal properties. Stilbenes are photosensitive and UV and fluorescent light induce trans to cis isomerisation via intramolecular cyclization. So far, the characterizations of possible new compounds derived from trans-stilbenes under UV light exposure have been mainly tentative based only on UV or MS spectra without utilizing more detailed structural spectroscopy techniques such as NMR. The objective of this work was to study the stability of biologically interesting and readily available stilbenes such as astringin and isorhapontin and their aglucones piceatannol and isorhapontigenin, which have not been studied previously. The effects of fluorescent and UV light and storage on the stability of trans stilbenes were assessed and the identification and characterisation of new compounds formed during our experiments were carried out by chromatographic (HPLC, GC) and spectroscopic techniques (UV, MS, NMR). The stilbenes undergo a trans to cis isomerisation under extended UV irradiation by intramolecular cyclisation (by the formation of a new C-C bond and the loss of two hydrogens) to phenanthrene structures. The characterised compounds are novel and not described previously.     

金属卟啉的热稳定性及热分解动力学研究

热重分析;金属卟啉的热稳定性及热分解动力学研究     

Theoretical Investigation of the Reaction Mechanism of the Photoisomerization of 1,2‐Dihydro‐1,2‐azaborine

The photoisomerization of 1,2‐dihydro‐1,2‐azaborine was investigated by high‐level multireference ab initio and density functional theory calculations. The intermediates (IMs) and transition states (TSs) on the S₀ and S₁ states were optimized using the state‐averaged complete active space self‐consistent field method. The multireference configuration interaction method with the Davidson correction was used to obtain accurate energetics. Moreover, the conical intersections (CIs), which play a crucial role in photoisomerization, were also optimized. On the basis of the calculation results, the most favorable proposed reaction pathway is as follows: reactant→Franck‐Condon region→TS₁→CI→IM₀→TS_0P→product. The product was not directly formed through the CI, and the IM₀ existed on the S₀ state. These results show that the isomerization of 1,2‐dihydro‐1,2‐azaborine involves both photoreactions and thermal reactions. The calculated results clarify recent experimental observations.     

钴铁和镁铁水滑石的合成及热稳定性差异的研究

采用低过饱和共沉淀法合成了n(Co或Mg)：n(Fe)=2：1,3：1,4：1的钴铁和镁铁水滑石。XRD分析表明两者晶体结构相似,但TG—DTA分析表明两者热稳定性存在显著差异,钴铁水滑石只在180℃附近有一个吸热峰,而镁铁水滑石在200℃和365℃附近有两个吸热峰,分别对应于层间水和层板羟基及层间碳酸根离子的脱除,这说明后者的层间水分子和碳酸根离子与层板上的羟基及金属原子之间的相互作用力强于前者,镁铁水滑石的热稳定性强于钴铁水滑石。     

3-叠氮基-4-酰氯肟基呋咱的合成及其热稳定性

以3-氨基-4-酰氨肟基呋咱为原料,经重氮化和叠氮化反应合成了新化合物3-叠氮基-4-酰氯肟基呋咱(3),总收率67％.其结构经1H NMR,13C NMR,15N NMR,IR及元素分析表征.热失重法研究结果表明,3具有良好的热稳定性.     

Thermal Stability and Properties of New NPS-Fertilisers

New NPS-fertilisers are investigated using TG-DTA systems and other techniques to determine their thermal stability and properties. The main component is ammonium sulphate by-product from clean-up technologies. Acidic reaction of ammonium sulphate (AS) is compensated by adding treated or untreated phosphates. Some samples are additionally mechanochemically activated. Tribochemical effects are confirmed. Distribution and conversion of harmful impurities are also studied. The results clearly show that the histories of components, additional treatment and the initial content of impurities affect the thermal properties of the new fertilisers. The mass component's ratio influences the thermal fertiliser's stability and their solubility. It is shown that the by-product from electron beam technology is the most suitable component, because of high-activity. The results obtained confirmed that TG and DTA techniques could be successfully used for products quality control. Most of the simultaneous TG, DTG and DTA curves may have a practical application for future studies and comparative analysis. This revised version was published online in July 2006 with corrections to the Cover Date.     

二茂基镧系硝基甲烷阴离子衍生物的合成及其热稳定性

自从1954年首次合成了三茂基镧系化合物以来,人们已大量合成和研究了茂基镧系衍生物。如何合成新型稳定的茂基镧系衍生物,以便进一步研究它们的各种性质,一直是金属有机化学家十分感兴趣的课题。而迄今为止,仍未见茂基镧系硝基衍生物的文献报道。我们按文献方法通过三茂基镧系化合物与硝基甲烷反应,成功地合成了五个新的茂基镧系硝基甲烷阴离子衍生物。即:Cp_2Nd(CH_2-NO_2)(1),Cp_2Sm(CH_2NO_2)(2),Cp_2Gd(CH_2-     

Thermal Stability of Bis-Piperidine Benzoylacetonates of Some Transition Metals

Bis-piperidine complexes of benzoylacetonates of Mn(II), Co(II), Cd(II) and Ni(II) were prepared. Thermogravimetric analysis (TG) demonstrated that Mn(II) bis-piperidine benzoylacetonate was stable up to 90°C, while Co(II) bis-piperidine benzoylacetonate was stable up to 100°C, whereas Cd(II) bis-piperidine benzoylacetonate was stable up to only 50°C. Its first decomposition step was completed at 110°C. Ni(II) bis-piperidine benzoylacetonate found to be stable up to 110°C. The stabilities of the complexes of these metals therefore follow the sequence Cd²⁺<Mn²⁺<Co²⁺<Ni²⁺. The complex of Cd(II) was the least stable of all the compounds studied.This revised version was published online in November 2005 with corrections to the Cover Date.     

p—Si上电沉积Ni—W—P薄膜的结构与热稳定性

研究了ｐ－Ｓｉ上恒电流沉积Ｎｉ－Ｗ－Ｐ合金薄膜组成与结构的关系，讨论了镀层的组成、结构随沉积时间的变化．测定了非晶合金的晶体结构随热处理温度的改变以及ＤＴＡ曲线，结果表明，非晶Ｎｉ－Ｗ－Ｐ合金在晶化过程中形成两个纳米超微晶相，非晶Ｎｉ－Ｗ－Ｐ薄膜的热稳定性远高于通常使用的非晶Ｎｉ－Ｐ薄膜．     

DFT Investigation on the Trans-cis Photoisomerization of Pentamethine Cyanine Dye Model Molecule

The trans-cis photoisomerization of pentamethine cyanine dye (Cy5) has been theoretically investigated by the analysis on an analogical molecule model. All possible isomers have been searched by rotating the different bridge C-C bonds of the model. The relative stability of the isomers for the ground and first excited states as well as the corresponding excitation mechanism has been envisaged by DFT and time-dependent DFT method. The results show different conjugation degree of the isomers resulting in different absorption energy upon the different C-C bridge bond rotation. From the analyses of electronic density distribution of the frontier orbitals, it is predicted that there is charge transfer besides the π-π* excitation for the cyanine dye model, which makes the mechanism and photo-properties different form those of other conjugated molecules.     

新型无卤硅-氮成炭剂的合成及其热稳定性

以三聚氯氰和γ-氨丙基三乙氧基硅烷为原料,经取代反应制得2-氯-4,6-二(3-三乙氧基硅烷-1-丙氨基)-1,3,5-三嗪(3); 3与二乙烯三胺(4)反应合成了一种新型的无卤高含硅量的成炭剂(5),其结构和性能经¹H NMR, FT-IR和TGA表征。考察了物料比、缚酸剂、反应时间、反应溶剂和反应温度对5收率的影响。实验结果表明:最佳反应条件为：甲苯为溶剂,三乙胺为缚酸剂, n(3): n(4)= 3.3 : 1,于100 ℃反应11 h,收率62.7%; 5的初始分解温度为197 ℃, 700 ℃时残炭为36.7%。     

过碳酰胺分子合成条件优化、晶体结构及其热稳定性

采用四因素、三水平的方法研究了过碳酰胺分子合成中物料比、反应温度、反应时间、稳定剂的种类对合成收率的影响,获得了合成的最佳工艺条件。 在最佳合成条件下,测得过碳酰胺的产率可达到99%,活性氧含量最高可达到17.5%。 通过热分析方法研究了过碳酰胺分子热稳定性。 研究表明,温度超过65 ℃过碳酰胺含量和含氧量均迅速下降。 利用X射线单晶衍射仪测定了其晶体结构,使用Diamond软件解析出过碳酰胺分子的三维空间超分子结构及其氢键的连接方式。     

含不同基团偶氮苯化合物的合成及其光致异构化性质

以苯胺或对硝基苯胺为起始原料,通过重氮偶合法合成了4种分别含有硝基、氨基和不同数目偶氮基的偶氮苯化合物(1~4),其结构经¹H NMR和FT-IR确证。研究了1~4在紫外灯(12 W)照射下随时间变化的UV-Vis谱图。结果表明：含有给电子基团(NH₂)偶氮苯的光致异构化速率较含有吸电子基团（NO₂）时更快,NO₂对分子的异构化有一定抑制作用;分子中偶氮基的数目增加时,顺反异构化过程也受到影响。     

单N-乙酸取代O_2N_2大环配体及其稀土配合物的合成与表征

近年来,带电离官能团取代的大环成为大环化学研究的热点之一 [1～ 3]。这类大环除了环的腔径及环上配位原子种类对不同离子具有配位选择性外,其电离官能团的酸碱效应,也产生对 pH敏感的配位选择性。另外,由于大环骨架的相对刚性,刚柔相济的作用还起到提高配位能力,改进选择性的效果。迄今为止,人们对全氮取代的氮杂大环及其配合物作了相当深入的研究 [4～ 6],部分氮取代的氮氧杂大环及其配合物的研究还很少 [7,8]。从研究配体配位性能的观点来看,改变大环上氮取代的电离官能团数目可以进一步开发出具有良好选择性的配体。本文报道…     

纳米LiH的热稳定性与催化加氢反应活性

考察了纳米LiH在不同温度热处理后比表面积的变化及其与Cp2TiCl2组成催化剂的加氢反应活性之间的关系,300度热处理后LiH比表面积已呈较大幅度的下降,但催化剂的加氢反应活性反而更高,说明比表面积是克杨纳米LiH高活性的一个主要原因,但不是唯一 的因素。     

Hydrothermal Synthesis, Structure and Thermal Stability of a Copper Coordination Polymer Bridged by Pimelic Acid

A novel one-dimensional chain copper（Ⅱ） coordination polymer { [Cu（2,2′-bipy）- （HPDA）]（HPDA）（H2O）}n has been hydrothermally synthesized using pimelic acid, 2,2′-bipyridine and copper perchlorate in the mixture of water and methanol. The crystal structure was determined as a monoclinic system, space group P21/c, with a= 1.01139（14）, b = 2.6898（4）, c = 1.02105（14）, β = 109.651（2）°, V = 2.6159（6） nm^3, Dc = 1.412 g/cm^3, Z = 2, F（000） = 1164, GOOF = 1.044, R = 0.0570 and wR = 0.1448. The copper ion is coordinated with two nitrogen atoms of one 2,2′- bipyridine molecule and three oxygen atoms from two heptane diacid molecules, forming a distorted square-pyramidal geometry. The result of TG analysis shows that the title complex is stable under 200.0 ℃.