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1.
A grating surface can drive the liquid crystal molecules to orientate
along the direction parallel or vertical to the projected plane of
the grating surface. The nematic liquid crystal (NLC) cell
manufactured with two pre-treated grating surface substrates may
realize the vertical display, parallel display and twist display. In
this paper, the threshold property of this NLC cell is investigated
systematically. With the Frank elastic theory and the equivalent
anchoring energy formula of grating surface substrate, the analytic
expressions of the threshold voltage related to three displays are
obtained, which are dependent on their geometrical parameters such
as amplitude δ and pitch λ of the grating surface
substrate. For a certain anchoring strength, the threshold voltage
increases or decreases with the increase of the value
δ/λ of the different displays. 相似文献
2.
The anchoring properties of substrate with a grating surface are
investigated analytically. The alignment of nematic liquid
crystal (NLC) in a grating surface originates from two
mechanisms, thus the anchoring energy consists of two parts. One
originates from the interaction potential between NLC molecules
and the molecules on the substrate surface, and the other stems
from the increased elastic strain energy. Based on the two
mechanisms, the expression of anchoring energy per unit area of
a projected plane of this grating surface is deduced and called
the equivalent anchoring energy formula. Both the strength and
the easy direction of equivalent anchoring energy are a function
of the geometrical parameters (amplitude and pitch) of a grating
surface. By using this formula, the grating surface can be
replaced by its projected plane and its anchoring properties can
be described by the equivalent anchoring energy formula. 相似文献
3.
Based on the fact that rubbed groove patterns also affect the anchoring of liquid crystals at substrates,a quartic coupling is included in constructing the surface energy for a liquid crystal cell.The phase diagram and the wetting behaviors of the liquid crystal cell,bounded by surfactant-laden interfaces in a magnetic field perpendicular to the substrate are discussed by taking the quartic coupling into account.The nematic order increases at the surface while it decreases in the bulk as a result of the introduction of quartic substrate-liquid crystal coupling,indicating that the groove anchoring makes the liquid crystal molecules align more orderly near the substrate than away from it.This causes a different wetting behavior:complete wetting. 相似文献
4.
液晶对微波的调制取决于外加电压作用下液晶分子的取向, 而基板的锚泊对液晶取向有重要影响, 必然导致微波调制的变化. 本文研究了无手性掺杂的弱锚泊90°扭曲向列相液晶的微波调制特性. 基于液晶弹性理论和变分原理得到了液晶盒系统的平衡态方程和边界条件, 采用差分迭代方法数值模拟了不同锚定强度大小和不同预倾角下单位长度相移随电压的变化. 结果表明: 1)预倾角对微波相移的影响与施加电压有关. 当液晶盒施加电压为0.5–1.6 V之间时, 随预倾角增大, 单位长度微波相移及其与强锚泊0°预倾角90°扭曲液晶相移差均增大, 且相移差达到最大时的电压值也随倾角增大而减小; 1.6–3.0 V之间, 单位长度微波相移及相移差随预倾角增大而减小; 1.6 V附近及3.0 V之后, 相移基本没有变化. 2)表面锚定强度大小对微波相移的影响非常大. 随锚定强度减小, 单位长度微波相移及相移差均会增大, 微波相移的可调范围也增大, 且增加越来越明显. 此研究为液晶微波调制器件的设计提供了理论依据. 相似文献
5.
L. V. Mirantsev 《Physics of the Solid State》2007,49(2):384-391
A simple microscopic mean-field model is proposed for a homeotropically aligned planar nematic liquid crystal (NLC) in contact with a solid-substrate surface. The intermolecular interaction in the NLC is simulated with the anisotropic McMillan potential, and the orienting effect of the substrate surface on the molecules in the NLC is described as that of an external field acting only on the first surface molecular layer of the sample. This model is used to describe the deformation of the director field of the sample caused by the external field and to determine the anchoring strength coefficient W, which is employed to macroscopically describe the orienting effect of the solid substrate on the NLC. The dependence of this coefficient on the strength of the short-range orienting field of the substrate surface used in the proposed microscopic model is found, and a unique correspondence between W and the profile of the orientational order parameter near the substrate surface is established. The temperature dependence of the anchoring strength coefficient is derived and found to agree well with experimental data for the MBBA NLC. 相似文献
6.
Threshold and saturation properties of the field-induced twist cell with two parameters weak anchoring boundaries
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On the basis of two-parameter formula of weak surface coupling anchoring
energy of nematic liquid crystals proposed by Zhao et al recently, the general
torque equilibrium equation and boundary conditions of the director have
been obtained and the threshold field as well as the saturation field of the
field-induced twist cell have been analysed for three kinds of
configurations, i.e. homogeneous, splay and Pi cells formed by
different rubbing conditions and pretilt angles. The results
indicated that the polar anchoring has no effect on the threshold field. It
is determined only by the twist anchoring and pretilt angle. But, the polar
anchoring and twist anchoring are coupling with each other and have a great
influence on the saturation field. The formulae for calculating the
threshold field and saturation field are given. These results will be very
useful in understanding surface physics and the design of liquid crystal
cells. 相似文献
7.
A. Yu. Val’kov V. P. Romanov M. V. Romanov 《Journal of Experimental and Theoretical Physics》2001,93(2):344-362
Spatial correlation functions of orientation fluctuations in bounded cells of smectic and nematic liquid crystals are calculated taking into account the effect of external fields and finiteness of the energy of anchoring to the surface. The cases of positive and negative anisotropies of magnetic susceptibility or permittivity are considered. The calculations are based on the division of degrees of freedom into bulk and surface ones and on the reduction of the computation of the continual integral determining the correlation function to the solution of the Euler equation with corresponding boundary conditions of the first or third kind. The obtained correlation functions are used for describing the intensity of light scattered in nematics for the planar and homeotropic orientations. It is shown, in particular, that the measurements of the angular dependence of the scattered light intensity may serve as a reliable method for determining the energy of anchoring of a liquid crystal to a substrate for different values of the external field. 相似文献
8.
通过解析推导和数值计算的方法,得到了平衡态指向矢满足的微分方程和边界条件.研究了表面弹性能K13项对磁场作用下的弱锚定向列液晶盒Fréedericksz转变性质的影响.结果表明,表面弹性能K13项的存在对液晶系统的自由能有很大的影响,从而改变转变的性质,诱导液晶盒在阈值点发生一级Fréedericksz转变.给出了发生一级转变的物理条件,它除了与液晶的结构和材料有关外,还依赖于液晶表面弹性能K13项,同时给出了由此判断K13项是否存在的检验方法.
关键词:
表面弹性能K13项
弱锚定
Fréedericksz转变 相似文献
9.
The director in nematic liquid crystal cell with a weak anchoring grating substrate and a strong anchoring planar substrate is relative to the coordinates x and z. The influence of the surface geometry of the grating substrate in the cell on the director profile is numerically simulated using the two-dimensional finite-difference iterative method under the condition of one elastic constant approximation and zero driven voltage. The deepness of groove and the cell gap affect the distribution of director. For the relatively shallow groove and the relatively thick cell gap, the director is only dependent on the coordinate z. For the relatively deep groove and the relatively thin cell gap, the director must be dependent on the two coordinates x and z because of the increased elastic strain energy induced by the grating surface. 相似文献
10.
G McKay 《The European physical journal. E, Soft matter》2012,35(8):9753-8
The relationship between bistable surface anchoring and the pitch jump process is examined for a planar cholesteric liquid crystal. Introducing a high-order, azimuthal surface anchoring potential into a simple model to describe a cholesteric, we derive an expression for the director twist as the natural pitch of the liquid crystal is allowed to vary. Writing the energy in terms of the surface twist, we are able to determine the twists which minimize the total energy of the system. We demonstrate how a pitch jump is related to an energy exchange from one branch of metastable states to another. We then discuss how the co-existence of energy minima and their associated solution branches may help explain the thermal hysteresis observed experimentally in cholesterics in the neighbourhood of a pitch jump. The presence of a higher-order surface energy term can expand the range of anchoring strengths in which pitch jumps are possible. We also investigate the influence of bidirectional surface anchoring on the behaviour of the total energy. Intermediate quarter-turn pitch jumps can occur, depending on the relative strength of the high-order anchoring term, and these can have a significant effect on the system hysteresis. 相似文献
11.
In the mean field approximation, we evaluate the temperature dependence of the anchoring energy strength of a nematic liquid crystal in contact with a solid substrate due to thermal fluctuations. Our study is limited to the weak anchoring case, where the microscopic surface energy is small with respect to the mean field energy due to the nematic phase. We assume furthermore that the physical properties of the substrate can be considered temperature independent in the range of the nematic phase. According to the thermodynamical perturbative approach, the macroscopic surface energy is deduced by averaging the microscopic one, with a density matrix containing only the nematic mean field. We show that the thermal renormalization of the anchoring energy coefficients is proportional to the generalized nematic order parameters. Our analysis shows also that the thermal renormalization of the anchoring energy coefficients predicted by means of Landau-like theories is a first and rather rough approximation in the whole nematic temperature range. 相似文献
12.
To account for azimuthal surface anchoring of a nematic liquid crystal, Berreman [Phys. Rev. Lett. 28, 1683 (1972)10.1103/PhysRevLett.28.1683] proposed a simple model attributing the surface anchoring to the elastic distortion of the liquid crystal induced by the grooves of a surface. He showed that the surface anchoring energy is proportional to sin(2)varphi, with varphi being the angle between the director at infinity and the direction of the surface grooves. We argue that his assumption of negligibly small azimuthal distortion of the nematic is not valid. Proper treatment of the azimuthal distortion reveals that the Berreman's model should yield a surface anchoring energy proportional to sin(4)varphi. This implies that surface grooves alone cannot contribute to the surface anchoring coefficient in the usual Rapini-Papoular sense. 相似文献
13.
14.
Fonseca JG Galerne Y 《Physical review. E, Statistical physics, plasmas, fluids, and related interdisciplinary topics》2000,61(2):1550-1558
We present an electro-optic method for measuring the zenithal anchoring strength of nematic liquid crystals, based on the determination of the distortion produced by a small electric field. This method yields the zenithal anchoring strength at small applied torques, and remarkably, only needs local measurements (optical path difference versus applied voltage, sample thickness), in contrast to the classical methods that use measurements integrated over the entire sample. We determine the zenithal anchoring strength for two nematic liquid crystals (5 CB and 5 OCB) with positive dielectric anisotropy, onto poly(tetrafluoroethylene) (PTFE) treated surfaces, that yield planar liquid crystal cells. We find that the anchoring at the PTFE-5 CB interface is strong, with an extrapolation length approximately 30 nm, and independent of temperature far enough from the isotropic transition. We observe a pretransitional weakening of the anchoring strength near the nematic-isotropic transition, due to the reduction of the orientational order parameter at the interface. With 5 OCB, we measure a stronger anchoring, with an extrapolation length approximately 15 nm. This result may be explained by the increase of the van der Waals interactions between the liquid crystal molecules and the surface, due to the presence of the oxygen atom. 相似文献
15.
16.
Y. Galerne P. Hubert 《The European Physical Journal B - Condensed Matter and Complex Systems》1999,8(2):245-249
The active oxygen gas arising from a plasma reactor is used to realize progressive chemical modifications onto silane coatings
that could be particularly interesting as alignment layers for liquid crystal display applications. Depending on the oxygen
density grafted onto the substrate, these alignment layers provide different zenithal anchoring angles, or pretilt angles,
with anchoring transitions, for polar and non-polar nematic liquid crystals as 5CB and MBBA, respectively. The anchoring transitions
are found to be smoother with the polar nematics. Such a behavior is discussed in terms of the differential wetting model
by adding a cosine term to the interaction energy between the nematic and the substrate. A local justification is proposed
for this symmetry breaking term.
Received: 18 May 1998 相似文献
17.
A simple, compact electro-optic polarizer based on an ion-exchanged glass channel waveguide covered with a nematic liquid crystal (LC) is proposed. A full-vectorial beam propagation method is employed to simulate this device for the first time. For the cases of zero and strong LC surface anchoring, the performance of the proposed polarizer under different applied voltages is analyzed numerically. Analysis indicates that surface anchoring of the liquid crystal is a key issue influencing the performance for the proposed optical polarizer device. 相似文献
18.
Flexoelectric-induced voltage shift in a weak anchoring hybrid aligned nematic liquid crystal cell is investigated theoretically. Based on the elastic theory of liquid crystal and the variation method, the equations for the bulk and the boundary of the cell are derived. By computer simulation, the dependence of the
shift voltage on the sum of the flexoelectric coefficients and the anchoring energy strength is obtained. As a result, a novel method to determine the sum of the flexoelectric coefficients by measuring the shift voltage is put forward. 相似文献
19.
The azimuthal anchoring energy of the nematic liquid
crystal 4-pentyl-4'-cyanobiphenil (5CB) on a
poly(tetrafluoroethylene) (teflon, PTFE) film is measured for
the first time. The PTFE film is deposed using the Wittmann and
Smith technique which consists on rubbing a bar of this polymer
against a glass substrate at a controlled temperature and
pressure. Measurements of the azimuthal anchoring energy are
made with a reflectometric technique which provides high
accuracy and sensitivity. The dependence of the azimuthal
anchoring energy on temperature and on the rubbing pressure is
investigated. The extrapolation length remains virtually
constant in the whole temperature range of the nematic phase
except for an increase of 25% close to the clearing temperature.
The azimuthal anchoring energy is somewhat strong and increases
with increasing the deposition pressure of PTFE. The observation
of a relevant pre-transitional anisotropy of the reflection
coefficients in the isotropic phase proves that the surface
interactions favor an excess of orientational order. Ageing of
the anchoring energy and gliding of the easy axis are
experimentally observed. Both these phenomena suggest the
presence of an anisotropic adsorbed layer of nematic molecules
on the PTFE film. 相似文献