Fabrication and characterization of all-Nb lumped-element Josephson parametric amplifiers

Josephson parametric amplifiers (JPAs) with nearly quantum-limited noise performance have become indispensable devices for the measurements of superconducting quantum information. We have developed an all-Nb lumped-element flux-driven JPA operating in the three-wave mixing mode. Our Nb-based JPA comprises Nb/Al-AlO_x/Nb Josephson junctions, a parallel-plate capacitor with SiO₂ dielectric sandwiched between two Nb layers, a bottom coplanar waveguides layer, and a top Nb wiring layer. We experimentally demonstrate a 20 dB gain over a 190 MHz bandwidth, a mean 1 dB compression of -123 dBm, and near quantum-limited noise performance. This fabrication process can be further used to design impedance transformed parametric amplifiers for multiple-qubit readout.     

Fabrication of Josephson parameter amplifier and its applicationin squeezing vacuum fluctuations

Josephson parameter amplifier (JPA) is a microwave signal amplifier device with near-quantum-limit-noise performance. It has important applications in scientific research fields such as quantum computing and dark matter detection. This work reports the fabrication and characterization of broadband JPA devices and their applications in multi-qubit readout and squeezing of vacuum state. We use a process in which transmission lines and electrodes are made of niobium thin film and aluminum Josephson junctions are made by Dolan bridge technique. We believe this process is more convenient than the process we used previously. The whole production process adopts electron beam lithography technology to ensure high structural resolution. The test result shows that the gain value of the manufactured JPA can exceed 15 dB, and the amplification bandwidth is about 400 MHz. The noise temperature is about 400 mK at the working frequency of 6.2 GHz. The devices have been successfully used in experiments involving superconducting multi-qubit quantum processors. Furthermore, the device is applied to squeeze vacuum fluctuations and a squeezing level of 1.635 dB is achieved.     

Effect of Cascading Amplification Stages on the Performance of Serial Hybrid Fiber Amplifier

Abstract

This study demonstrates simulation and experimental validation of a wideband serial hybrid Raman/erbium-doped fiber amplifier. Two configurations are adopted; in type A, a Raman amplifier is the first stage, and in type B, an erbium-doped fiber amplifier is the first stage. At low input signal power, the average gain level is 20 dB with a flat gain bandwidth of 40 nm for both configurations. The noise figure in type B is dominated by the erbium-doped fiber amplifier and produces lower values and flatter spectra than in type A. The gain of the proposed hybrid amplifiers is affected more by the second amplification stage.     

Remotely Pumped Hybrid Amplifiers for Extended Bidirectional Passive Optical Networks

In this contribution, we optimize design parameters of hybrid optical amplifiers utilizing distributed Raman amplification in transmission fiber and gain of discrete, remotely pumped erbium-doped fiber amplifier (EDFA) for wideband, bidirectional operation in metropolitan area networks (MAN). The design is based on an application of a numerical model, which takes into account pump-to-pump and signal-to-signal interactions and generation of amplified spontaneous emission in the Raman amplifier and solves the standard rate-propagation equations in an erbium-doped fiber (EDF). We predict 12 dB gain across 72 nm of optical bandwidth with gain ripple better than 10%. The recently proposed serial topology of EDFA is considered; this enables the wideband, bidirectional operation of a hybrid amplifier with only two pump laser diodes emitting in the 1430 and 1480 nm bands.     

Impedance model of helical resonator discharge

Modeling and measurement results of the RF input impedance of a helical resonator discharge are given. A simple microstrip transmission line model is used to extract an equivalent circuit of a helical resonator discharge. The transmission line model consists of a grounded cylinder for RF shielding, a helical copper coil for RF heating, and a high density plasma. Transmission line parameters for an experimental helical resonator discharge chamber are extracted, and the results are compared with the measured results. The measured transmission line parameters for the experimental reactor are the characteristic impedance of 200 Ω, the attenuation constant of 6×10^-3 Np/m, and the wave number of 0.36 rad/m, which have good agreement with the calculated values     

1～30 MHz传输线变压器的实频设计

 介绍了Guanella型传输线变压器的工作原理,利用电报方程分析了其阻抗变换特性和平衡到不平衡转换特性。为在巴伦低阻端获得最佳的输入阻抗,根据测量得到的实频负载阻抗来确定传输线的特性阻抗,设计了在1～30 MHz频带内可用于450 Ω到50 Ω,600.0 Ω到66.7 Ω变换的9∶1传输线变压器巴伦。受绕组间距的限制,600.0到66.7 Ω巴伦实际的传输线特性阻抗难以达到仿真所要求的值,但巴伦输入阻抗的仿真结果与实测结果仍有较好的一致性。实际测量的结果表明,这两款变压器的工作带宽（驻波比小于1.6）大于30∶1,在1～30 MHz的频带内插入损耗小于0.3 dB。     

An easily-prepared impedance matched Josephson parametric amplifier

An impedance matched parametric amplifier (IMPA) with Josephson junctions is fabricated and characterized. A hybrid structure containing coplanar and strip structures is implemented to realize an impedance taper line and a plate capacitor in an LC nonlinear resonator based on Josephson junctions. The upper plate of the capacitor is isolated with SiN_x without grounding as well as the strips. Such easily-prepared designs greatly reduce the requirements for lithography alignment and precision, which makes the fabrication process more reliable. The experimental results show that in such IMPA a gain higher than 25 dB with a bandwidth of about 100 MHz can be obtained. This broadband amplifier operates close to the quantum limit. By adjusting the working point, a higher bandwidth of about 400 MHz can be obtained with a gain of about 17 dB.     

异面带状线馈电的宽带双极化蝶形天线

针对通信与雷达系统对双极化与宽带天线的要求,提出了一种基于带状线馈电的双极化蝶形天线。通过两对互相正交的蝶形阵子实现了天线的双极化,并采用一种新型的微带线转异面带状线的巴伦给两对正交蝶形阵子平衡馈电。异面带状线为平衡传输线,满足了蝶形阵子对于平衡馈电的要求。在馈电点处由同轴线对微带线馈电,经渐变微带线转化为异面带状线,最后由两组异面带状线给两对正交蝶形阵子馈电。测得该天线实现了69.23%的阻抗带宽,在6.8~14GHz频带内电压驻波比(VSWR)小于2。为使天线单向辐射且改善天线增益,将天线放置于反射吸收腔内。测得天线在6.8~18GHz的频宽内VSWR基本小于3,天线增益在8~12GHz频带内大于0.11dB,天线前后瓣比大于15dB。因此,所提出的双极化蝶形天线可用于宽带通信系统中。     

S波段低温低噪声放大器的研制

介绍了基于ADS仿真的低噪声放大器的设计与制作方法;重点研究了LNA的直流偏置、稳定性分析、匹配设计、版图制作和调试;提出了源级负反馈和栅极加并联阻抗的方法来实现了电路全频段稳定和低温正常工作。采用ATF-34143制作了中心频率在2.25的低噪声放大器,在77K温度下,该放大器带内输入输出驻波比小于1.2,增益达到23dB,噪声系数为0.24dB。     

基于二极管Ka波段的新型可调预失真器

为了补偿不同类型功放的非线性特性,设计应用于Ka波段的可调预失真器,该电路基于三支线定向耦合器、肖特基二极管、微带线和负载电阻,产生预失真信号。通过调节肖特基二极管的偏置电压、微带线电长度及负载电阻可以提供不同的幅度和相位组合以满足不同类型的功率放大器线性化要求。仿真及实测结果表明,该预失真器在29~31GHz频段范围内,用于行波管(TWTAs)线性化时可提供约6.5dB的增益扩展和46°的相位扩张;用于固态功率放大器(SSPAs)线性化时可提供约11dB的增益扩展和35°的相位压缩。     

包层泵浦fs光纤放大器的实验研究

 在实验上对双包层光纤放大器进行了研究。采用新型内包层为六边形的铒镱共掺双包层光纤作为放大介质,用带尾纤的半导体激光器进行泵浦,对fs光脉冲进行放大。当用2.5 W的入纤功率泵浦50 cm长的双包层铒镱光纤时,把平均功率为10.8 mW、重复频率20.84 MHz的激光放大到176 mW,增益为12.2 dB,相应的单脉冲能量为8.1 nJ,放大后脉冲宽度为480 fs,峰值功率为16 kW。     

All optical SR and D flip-flop employing XGM effect in semiconductor optical amplifiers

This paper presents a simple and novel scheme for all-optical SR and D flip-flop employing cross gain modulation (XGM) effect in two wideband semiconductor optical amplifiers. The proposed flip-flop has a fast response, with less than 20 ps transition times for both rising and falling edges. The FF speed-limit is mainly determined by the SOA recovery time and the intra-FF coupling length. The simulation results exhibit a contrast ratio of 13 dB between two states with an AM of less than 2.5 dB.The distinctive simplicity of the flip-flop implies reduced footprint and low power consumption which makes it ideal for photonic integration.     

High-gain and low-noise-figure erbium-doped fiber amplifier employing dual stage quadruple pass technique

A high-gain and low-noise-figure (NF) erbium-doped fiber amplifier (EDFA) was demonstrated utilizing a new technique called the dual-stage quadruple pass (DSQP) with filters. An efficient amplification occurs at the signal wavelength of 1550 nm when it travels along the DSQP amplifier. The highest gain of 62.56 dB with a low noise figure of 3.98 dB was achieved for an input signal power of −50 dBm and pump powers of 10 and 165mW in the second and first stage amplifiers respectively.     

抽运方式对混合拉曼光纤放大器性能的影响

通过实验比较了前向抽运拉曼光纤放大器与掺铒光纤放大器组成的混合放大器、后向抽运拉曼光纤放大器与掺铒光纤放大器组成的混合放大器的性能。实验采用75km标准单模光纤作为增益介质。采用20信道(符合ITU-T建议的波分复用信号)，波长为1537．377～1560．605nm，作为混合放大器的测试信号。20信道总功率-2．86dBm，每一信道用2．5Gb／s、码长2^7-1的非归零码通过电吸收调制器(EA)进行外调制。实验结果表明，前向抽运方式混合放大器的性能优于后向抽运方式的混合放大器，其中噪声系数的改善值为2．28～6．55dB。采用前向抽运时，各信道的增益同后向抽运相比，增加值均大于5dB。但不论采取那种抽运方式，采用混合放大的形式，各信道的光信噪比均大于26．9dB。     

37.2 dB small-signal gain from Er/Yb Co-doped fiber amplifier with 20 mW pump power

An efficient erbium–ytterbium-doped fiber amplifier (EYDFA) is demonstrated by forward and backward pumping a 3 m erbium/ytterbium co-doped fibers (EYDF) in single- and double-pass configurations using a 20 mW pump. At the input signal wavelength of 1536 nm, the forward- and backward-pumped double-pass amplifiers achieved a maximum low-signal gain of 37.2 and 28.6 dB and a corresponding noise figure of 5.4 and 10.8 dB, respectively. Whereas, the forward- and backward-pumped single-pass amplifiers (at the same wavelength) achieved a maximum low-signal gain of 20.0 and 22.2 dB and a corresponding noise figure of 4.6 and 10.3 dB, respectively. The double-pass design offers an economical solution to high-efficiency and high-gain optical amplifiers.     

高功率宽谱开关振荡器

采用1/4波长开关同轴谐振器技术路线,开展了高功率宽谱微波产生及耦合输出技术研究。设计振荡器工作在200 MHz,低阻抗1/4波长同轴传输线与传输线一端的环形多通道气体火花开关构成谐振器,耦合器由集中电容和分布电感构成,实现宽谱微波的能量提取。通过数值模拟研究了振荡器的振荡及耦合输出过程,分析了高压脉冲馈入方式、谐振器阻抗特性及开关齿槽结构对环形开关导通特性的影响。数值模拟和实验结果证明,采用直馈方式、高阻结构和齿槽结构有利于形成开关多通道导通,并提高开关导通的稳定性。在输出电压为500 kV的Marx脉冲功率源平台上构建了高功率宽谱微波产生实验装置,实验得到的宽谱微波振荡频率为195 MHz,辐射因子约150 kV,频谱带宽约30%。     

Variable gain-flattened L-band erbium-doped fiber amplifier

This is a study on the design of variable gain-flattened erbium-doped fiber amplifier operating in L-band transmission window. Four amplifiers divided into five stages became the basis of the design with distributed pumping configuration. A dispersion compensating module was incorporated into the architecture as a way to combat dispersion. The amplifier was able to generate variable gain from 15 up to 30 dB under different input signal powers with a maximum output power of 23 dBm. Excellent gain flatness averaging around 0.8 dB was accomplished while four-wave mixing effect was significantly reduced.     

基于ADS的2.25GHz低噪声放大器的设计与制作

首先介绍用ADS软件仿真设计S波段低噪声放大器的方法,在仿真过程中,采用带封装模型的原理图-版图联合仿真的方法;然后对制作出的放大器在工作频段2.15—2.35GHz内测试,测试结果和电路仿真结果基本一致:输入输出驻波比均小于1.2,增益达到25dB,且带内增益波动为±0.4dB,噪声为0.7dB;最后对放大器进行了低温(液氮环境)测试,结果表明该放大器在低温下也能正常工作。     

Yb3+sensitized Er3+-doped waveguide amplifiers: a theoretical approach

Silicate and phosphate glass waveguide amplifiers doped with Er³⁺, and co-doped with Er³⁺/Yb³⁺ are theoretically studied. Configurations for core and core–cladding doped waveguide amplifiers are considered. It is shown that gain in the core–cladding doped amplifiers is considerably higher than core doped amplifiers. It is also shown that with input signal power up to 1 and 200mW pump power, a 12.5dB gain can be achieved in a 3cm long waveguide amplifier, with a noise figure of 3dB.     

高动态范围声光接收机

介绍了一种高动态范围声光接收机，这种接收机具备实现宽带射频信号幅度，频率和相位的信道比探测能力，该接收机在０．６３２８μｍ激光器的工作条件下（１．０ｍＷ），声光布拉格盒在５０ｍＷ射频信号区动下，在１４０ＭＨｚ的中心频率上２０ＭＨdisplay status