Peculiarities of mode spectrum in two-dimensional Bragg structures

The fundamental difference in the eigenmode spectrum for traditional one-dimensional (1D) periodical Bragg structures and novel two-dimensional (2D) periodical Bragg structures of planar and coaxial geometry is discussed. In the case of 1D Bragg structures, the eigenmode frequencies are located outside the Bragg reflection zone while for 2D Bragg structures the highest Q-factor modes are located just near to the frequency of Bragg resonance and the mechanism for the formation of these modes is related to the coupling of the longitudinal and transverse propagating wave fluxes. The main eigenmode possesses a Q-factor which substantially exceeds the Q-factor of the other modes even in the case when the system transverse size is much greater than the wavelength that encourage the use of 2D Bragg structures for mode selection in powerful oscillators with oversized microwave systems.     

一种新型光学微腔的理论分析

应用波动光学理论,分析了一种新型锥顶柱状光学微腔的本征模式,得到了谐振腔的谐振波长表达式.在谐振波长1550 nm附近进行了设计与仿真优化,优化结果显示新型谐振腔与传统平行腔相比,在腔长为4512.5 nm,直径为3134.4 nm时,其品质因数可以提高22.4%,达到了49928.5,同时谐振腔的有效模式体积减小了47.8%.     

New designed helical resonator to improve measurement accuracy of magic radio frequency

Based upon the new designed helical resonator, the resonant radio frequency (RF) for trapping ions can be consecutively adjusted in a large range (about 12 MHz to 29 MHz) with high Q-factors (above 300). We analyze the helical resonator with a lumped element circuit model and find that the theoretical results fit well with the experimental data. With our resonator system, the resonant frequency near magic RF frequency (where the scalar Stark shift and the second-order Doppler shift due to excess micromotion cancel each other) can be continuously changed at kHz level. For ⁸⁸Sr⁺ ion, compared to earlier results, the measurement accuracy of magic RF frequency can be improved by an order of magnitude upon rough calculation, and therefore the net micromotion frequency shifts can be further reduced. Also, the differential static scalar polarizability Δα₀ of clock transition can be experimentally measured more accurately.     

锥形光纤激发盘腔光学模式互易性研究

光学谐振腔由于其高Q值特性,作为谐振式陀螺的核心元件,有望实现谐振式陀螺的小型化、集成化,但是非互易性噪声成为制约其精度提高的不利因素. 介绍了采用传统半导体工艺制备的盘型腔与熔融法拉制的锥形光纤组成的耦合系统. 当盘型腔在光纤锥区的不同位置进行耦合谐振时,将输入输出正/反对调,观察到输出透射谱发生偏差,谐振频率、耦合效率以及Q值均发生变化,即存在非互易性现象. 用Rsoft软件对锥形光纤倏逝场分布特性进行仿真,理论分析了非互易性产生的原因. 以此可抑制谐振式光学陀螺应用中由锥形光纤与谐振腔组成的耦合系统产生的非互易性噪声. 关键词： 光学谐振腔 锥形光纤 非互易性 谐振式陀螺     

Design considerations of the acousto-optic light deflector

Theoretical analysis of the performance of the acousto-optic light deflector is described. Detailed calculations for LiIO₃-SF₆ glass structure including the influence of the bonding layer and Q-factor on the frequency response of the deflector are presented. A method of increasing the bandwidth in the presence of the bonding layer is given.     

A note on the heating of the cold plasma blanket in a linear fusion reactor

On the basis of a simple model it is demonstrated that the Q-factor of present-day conceptual linear reactors is not enhanced by -particle heating of the cold plasma blanket surrounding the fusioning plasma column.     

面向谐振式微光学陀螺应用的球形谐振腔DQ乘积优化

基于谐振式光学陀螺高灵敏度、低成本与微型化的发展需求, 为了实现高灵敏度的谐振式微光机电陀螺, 提出了以集成光学微谐振腔领域里高Q值、大直径谐振腔的制作为目标, 应用方向为谐振式光学陀螺的球形光学微谐振腔核心敏感单元. 在实验中以氢火焰作为热源采用熔融法制备球形光学微谐振腔. 通过调节氢气的流量控制氢火焰热源面积, 制备了不同直径(300-2200 μm)的球形谐振腔, 分析了球形谐振腔Q 值、DQ乘积、陀螺灵敏度与谐振腔直径D的对应关系及其原因, 获得了最优参数的面向谐振式光学陀螺的球形谐振腔敏感单元. D=1260 μm时, 球腔品质因数 Q=7.18×10⁷, 得到的最优陀螺灵敏度约为10°/h, 满足商业级应用的需求, 为芯片级、高精度、低成本的新型谐振式光学微腔陀螺的研究奠定了实验基础.     

Amplification of 12 × 10 Gb/s WDM signals with negligible FWM crosstalk in a double-pumped fiber optical parametric amplifier

We report on the amplification of 12 × 10 Gb/s wavelength-division-multiplexed signals by a double-pumped fiber optic parametric amplifier (2P-FOPA). A gain of 10 dB is obtained using a 4.3 km-long conventional dispersion shifted fiber (DSF) as nonlinear medium. Our spectra show negligible generation of spurious FWM products, and we attribute this to the small variations of the zero-dispersion wavelength of the DSF. The 2P-FOPA performance is assessed through Q-factor measurements, and we show that for output powers per channel ranging from −15 to 3 dBm the power penalty is less than 0.5 dB.     

Rare earth photoionization study by the resonant microwave cavity technique

Photoconductivity spectra of rare earth-doped insulating materials are measured using the resonant microwave cavity method. This technique is based on the detection of the cavity Q-factor changes induced by irradiation of the sample (inserted in the cavity) by a pulsed tunable laser. Results obtained with Lu₂(SiO₄)O:Ce³⁺ and BaF₂:Eu²⁺ are presented and discussed. Photoionization thresholds at 400 nm (3.1 eV) and 310 nm (4.0 eV) are measured for Lu₂(SiO₄)O:Ce³⁺ and BaF₂:Eu²⁺, respectively.     

Defect-enhanced resonances in photonic lattices

A study of defect-mode propagation in lossless layered photonic media has been performed. We put forward a new proper characteristic of the defect cavity, called the coupling length of the defect, namely, a maximum spatial radius around the defect site, within which the defect mode couples into the tunnelled incident wave. This coupling length allows us to optimize the values of the Q-factor and the transmission coefficient with respect to both the position of the defect and the dielectric permittivity of the defective layer.     

基于热学理论的微型真空检测器件的研究

介绍了一种基于热学知识设计的表面薄膜微型MEMS皮拉尼计,并将其用于圆片级真空封装腔体的真空度测量中。为了设计灵敏度较高的皮拉尼计,对不同结构的皮拉尼计的热量分布进行了数值计算与分析,并最终完成了加工。此皮拉尼计的结构和加工工艺比较简单,能用于一般的MEMS真空封装中。实验结果显示该皮拉尼计可以测量1-10^5Pa的真...     

Experimental study of electro-optical Q-switched pulsed Nd:YAG laser

We report the specification of a compact and stable side diode-pumped Q-switched pulsed Nd:YAG laser. We experimentally study and compare the performance of the pulsed Nd:YAG laser in the free-running and Q-switched modes at different pulse repetition rates from 1 Hz to 100 Hz. The laser output energy is stabilized by using a special configuration of the optical resonator. In this laser, an unsymmetrical concave-concave resonator is used and this structure helps the mode volume to be nearly fixed when the pulse repetition rate is increased. According to the experimental results in the Q-switched operation, the laser output energy is nearly constant around 70 mJ with an FWHM pulse width of 7 ns at 100 Hz. The optical-to-optical conversion efficiency in the Q-switched regime is 17.5%.     

电容式射频微机电系统开关损耗机制

插入损耗是射频微机电系统 (RF MEMS) 开关的关键性能指标之一。电容式RF MEMS开关是一种适合高频应用的开关器件,对其损耗机制进行了研究。电容式RF MEMS开关的射频损耗主要包括四部分:信号线的导体损耗、衬底损耗、辐射损耗以及MEMS桥损耗。对电容式RF MEMS开关建立了损耗模型并进行了数值计算,同时在HFSS有限元软件中进行了电磁仿真,数值计算结果和有限元仿真结果较好的吻合。此外,对影响电容式RF MEMS开关插入损耗的因素进行了分析,结果表明,高阻抗的衬底、200 m左右的导体宽度、较小的导体厚度以及较小的up态电容能够降低开关的插入损耗,提高开关的射频性能。     

Characteristics of single and dual radio-frequency (RF) plasma sheaths

The characteristics of radio-frequency (RF) plasma sheaths have been topics of much scientific study for decades, and have also been of great importance in the manufacture of integrated circuits and fabricating microelectromechanical systems (MEMS), as well as in the study of physical phenomena in dusty plasmas. The sheaths behave special properties under various situations where they can be treated as collisionless or collisional, single-or dual-RF, one-or two-dimensional (1D or 2D) sheaths, etc. This paper reviews our recent progress on the dynamics of RF plasma sheaths using a fluid method that includes the fluid equations and Poission’s equation coupled with an equivalent circuit model and a hybrid method in which the fluid model is combined with the Monte-Carlo (MC) method. The structures of RF sheaths behave differently in various situations and plasma parameters such as the ion density, electron temperature, as well as the external parameters such as the applied frequency, power, gas pressure, magnetic field, are crucial for determining the characteristics of plasma sheaths.     

Physical layer impairment aware wavelength routing algorithms based on analytically calculated constraints

A quality-of-service (QoS)-aware routing engine for a transparent optical network that accounts for physical layer impairments (PLI) is presented. PLI are studied collectively by means of Q-factor. The latter is calculated by analytical methods that speed up the calculation and allow application in a dynamic network. Two path establishment algorithms are deployed: the shortest-path and the shortest widest path. The impact of PLI awareness on the QoS is measured in terms of blocking probability and load balance. Any of the physical parameters can be used as an optimization variable in order to assess their effect on performance degradation at system and network level. The impact of the path establishment algorithm on the optimization parameter is analysed.     

Low temperature probe for dynamic nuclear polarization and multiple-pulse solid-state NMR

Here, we describe the design and performance characteristics of a low temperature probe for dynamic nuclear polarization (DNP) experiments, which is compatible with demanding multiple-pulse experiments. The competing goals of a high-Q microwave cavity to achieve large DNP enhancements and a high efficiency NMR circuit for multiple-pulse control lead to inevitable engineering tradeoffs. We have designed two probes-one with a single-resonance RF circuit and a horn-mirror cavity configuration for the microwaves and a second with a double-resonance RF circuit and a double-horn cavity configuration. The advantage of the design is that the sample is in vacuum, the RF circuits are locally tuned, and the microwave resonator has a large internal volume that is compatible with the use of RF and gradient coils.     

The N(p,γ)O low-energy S-factor

The ¹⁴N(p,γ)¹⁵O low-energy S-factor is analyzed using the R-matrix model. We find that the g.s. contribution is less than previously reported. The S-factor is mainly given by the 6.79 MeV state contribution which is determined by its asymptotic normalization constant (ANC). Consequently, the S-factor at zero energy is lower by a factor of 1.7 compared to the values given in recent compilations. This result may affect the nucleosynthesis and time scale evolution in massive stars. New measurements of the ¹⁴N(p,γ)¹⁵O cross section over a wide energy range, and especially at low energies, are highly desirable. Significant improvement could be also obtained from the ANC measurement of the 6.79 MeV state.     

高温超导收发子系统设计

本文介绍了一套高温超导收发子系统,该子系统包括大功率高温超导滤波器、环形器、微波开关、低噪声放大器.整个子系统真空封装在斯特林制冷机中,支持双向传输同频段微波信号.通带内子系统接收通道的最小噪声系数1.4dB,发射通道的功率承受能力大于3W.     

MEMS环形谐振器椭圆模态中的锚损分析（英）

环形谐振器是微机电系统（MEMS）谐振器中典型结构之一。其中,椭圆模态是环形谐振器面内振动的一阶模态,也是使用最为普遍的模态。以降低谐振器振荡时的锚损为目标,以有限元分析为技术手段,采用能量法对环形谐振器锚点的几何尺寸进行定量分析。分析结果表明,与研究者普遍认为的观点相反,谐振器锚点振荡模态的激发并不有助于提高谐振器的Q值。     

Bragg Grating Tuning Package Based on a Clamped Beam Structure

It is reported that simple beam structure used for FBG tuning can cause FBG chirping. A novel tuning method utilizing the clamped beam structure under pure bending is introduced. In this paper, we experimentally and theoretically demonstrate that new method can tune the Bragg wavelength without chirp. Further integration of this package can be used for FBG athermal/MEMS packaging.