用能量法求多自由度振动系统的角频率

利用简谐振动能量方程，通过分析振幅矢量的关系，用能量法求多自由度振动系统的角频率或简正振动频率。     

Detection of the power spectrum of cosmic microwave background lensing by the Atacama Cosmology Telescope

We report the first detection of the gravitational lensing of the cosmic microwave background through a measurement of the four-point correlation function in the temperature maps made by the Atacama Cosmology Telescope. We verify our detection by calculating the levels of potential contaminants and performing a number of null tests. The resulting convergence power spectrum at 2° angular scales measures the amplitude of matter density fluctuations on comoving length scales of around 100 Mpc at redshifts around 0.5 to 3. The measured amplitude of the signal agrees with Lambda cold dark matter cosmology predictions. Since the amplitude of the convergence power spectrum scales as the square of the amplitude of the density fluctuations, the 4σ detection of the lensing signal measures the amplitude of density fluctuations to 12%.     

微管内气泡的受迫振动

在气泡-液柱一维耦合振动模型的基础上对刚性微管两侧声压不相等时管内柱状气泡的轴向一维受迫振动进行了理论探索. 声压不均匀分布不影响气泡线性振动时的共振频率, 但振动幅度受到有效声压幅值的影响. 利用逐级近似法分析了管内非线性振动气泡的基频、三倍频和三分之一分频振动的幅-频响应关系, 结果表明当驱动声压超过0.1 MPa时, 气泡振动处于非线性状态. 非线性声响应特征主要表现为:基频和分频振动幅值响应的多值性; 三倍频振动在低频区响应强于高频区; 三分频振动在大于共振频率的频域内出现的概率更大.     

Correlation method estimation of the modulation signal in the weak equivalence principle test

In a test of the weak equivalence principle(WEP) with a rotating torsion pendulum, it is important to estimate the amplitude of the modulation signal with high precision. We use a torsional filter to remove the free oscillation signal and employ the correlation method to estimate the amplitude of the modulation signal. The data analysis of an experiment shows that the uncertainties of amplitude components of the modulation signal obtained by the correlation method are in agreement with those due to white noise. The power spectral density of the modulation signal obtained by the correlation method is about one order higher than the thermal noise limit. It indicates that the correlation method is an effective way to estimate the amplitude of the modulation signal and it is instructive to conduct a high-accuracy WEP test.     

光纤气体传感器解调方法的研究

利用可调谐激光光谱技术并结合二次谐波检测的波长调制方法对气体浓度进行检测,大大提高了检测灵敏度.然而光的传输和电路自身延时都会产生未知的相位延时,含有气体浓度信息的被测信号和二倍频参考信号的相位差变化严重影响二次谐波信号测量结果.本文设计出一种4路乘法锁相解调电路,设计中分别用正弦信号和余弦信号对被测信号进行解调,经积分电路后得到两路分别与相位差的正弦值和余弦值相关的解调信号.将两路解调信号平方,再通过加法器相加后消除相位差,得到完全与相位差无关的幅值信号.实验证明当被测信号相位在0°—90°变化时,解调 关键词： 可调谐半导体激光吸收光谱 波长调制 解调电路 相位差     

多光子J-C模型中频率随时间变化场的反聚束效应

利用多光子J-C模型,考虑场频率随时间以正弦函数形式作小量变化,在旋波近似下,研究了二能级原子通过多光子跃迁与单模辐射场相互作用系统中场的反聚束效应.利用数值计算方法给出反映场反聚束效应的二阶关联函数随时间的演化曲线.研究结果表明:场二阶关联函数的演化受场频率随时间正弦函数形式变化的调制,场频率振荡的幅值 u越大调制作用越强,在场频率振荡的幅值u大于一定值后,场二阶关联函数随时间的演化呈现出周期性振荡特性,其振荡周期与场频率变化的周期一致.     

Pitch perception of concurrent harmonic tones with overlapping spectra

Fundamental frequency difference limens (F0DLs) were measured for a target harmonic complex tone with nominal fundamental frequency (F0) of 200 Hz, in the presence and absence of a harmonic masker with overlapping spectrum. The F0 of the masker was 0, ± 3, or ± 6 semitones relative to 200 Hz. The stimuli were bandpass filtered into three regions: 0-1000 Hz (low, L), 1600-2400 Hz (medium, M), and 2800-3600 Hz (high, H), and a background noise was used to mask combination tones and to limit the audibility of components falling on the filter skirts. The components of the target or masker started either in cosine or random phase. Generally, the effect of F0 difference between target and masker was small. For the target alone, F0DLs were larger for random than cosine phase for region H. For the target plus masker, F0DLs were larger when the target had random phase than cosine phase for regions M and H. F0DLs increased with increasing center frequency of the bandpass filter. Modeling using excitation patterns and "summary autocorrelation" and "stabilized auditory image" models suggested that use of temporal fine structure information can account for the small F0DLs obtained when harmonics are barely, if at all, resolved.     

小波分析方法在合肥光源逐束团测量系统中的应用

介绍了小波分析方法在逐束团束流位置测量系统中的应用。小波分析方法在高频处频率窗口较宽,具有较高的时间分辨力,使用小波分析可分离并提取信号的振荡成分及基线漂移成分,各成分在时间轴上的位置与原信号相同,原有的线性关系保持不变,在处理非平稳信号时不会造成信号明显劣化,如幅度失真和相位偏差。基于小波分解和重构的时间序列多分辨力滤波处理非平稳信号时不会造成信号明显劣化,保证了追踪束团振荡强度、相位、频率和振荡模式随时间变化的结果更真实可信。在合肥光源中,小波分析方法成功用于横向振荡振幅包络的提取及增长率、阻尼率的计算,也可用于提取横向振荡振幅包络及计算增长率和阻尼率,为机器研究、束流诊断和逐束团反馈系统调试提供了准确的依据。     

Signal broadening in potential modulation differentiation

A method is developed for handling the effect of a finite amplitude on the results of potential modulation differentiation. The procedure is applied to harmonic modulation and allows to extrapolate measured Fourier coefficients to zero modulation amplitude. It is therefore possible to use modulation amplitudes as dictated by signal-to-noise considerations avoiding dynamical broadening of the detected signal. The formalism can be easily extended to combine with dynamic background subtraction. Examples are given for soft x-ray appearance potential measurements.     

Electromagnetic Resonance of Astigmatic Gaussian Beam to the High Frequency Gravitational Waves

The high frequency gravitational waves(around 10~8-10~(12) Hz) could interact with a specially designed electromagnetic resonance system.It is found that the power of transverse perturbative photon flux(PPF) of an electromagnetic resonance system can be improved significantly by virtue of an astigmatic Gaussian beam.Correspondingly the signal-to-noise ratio(SNR) would also be improved.When the eccentric ratio of waist satisfying w_(0x):w_(0y)1,the peak value of signal photon flux could be raised by 2-4 times with typical systematic parameters,while the background photon flux would be depressed.Therefore,the ratio of transverse PPF to background photon flux(i.e.,SNR)can be further improved 3-8 times with dimensionless amplitude of relic gravitational wave h_t=10~(-36).     

Simultaneous photoacoustic detection of multiple compounds based on orthogonal functions stimulation

The paper presents a concept of photoacoustic measurements based on use of two different light wavelengths which intensities are modulated with sine waves of the same frequency but with phase difference of 90 degrees. Resultant photoacoustic signal is of the same frequency, but its amplitude and phase depends on the absorption at both wavelengths. Taking into consideration that sine and cosine are orthogonal functions, and having measured amplitude of the photoacoustic signal and its phase referred to the phase of the stimulating light modulation, it is possible to retrieve both components corresponding to sine and cosine modulation. As a result, the method can be applied to simultaneous detection of two compounds. An important advantage of the method is that it can be comfortably used with high Q-factor cells.     

Fractional-harmonic components in an acoustical wave in a liquid

The amplitudes and frequencies of the components of the acoustical spectrum of an acoustical wave, generated in a non-viscous liquid filling a cavity, are calculated by solving a boundary value problem. Apart from forced oscillations, the frequencies of the acoustical spectrum are equal to the frequency of the fundamsntal oscillation of the liquid in the cavity and its higher harmonics. If the frequency of the driving acoustical wave coincides with one of these (proper) frequencies, thefractional harmonic components appear. The amplitudes of the component oscillations decrease monotonically as the absolute value of the difference between the frequency of the driving acoustical wave and the frequency of the respective oscillation is increased. The derived relations are compared with the results of some published measurements.     

弹性微管内气泡的非线性受迫振动

将弹性管壁视为膜弹性结构, 探索在外部声场作用下弹性微管内液柱-气泡-管壁构成耦合振动系统的非线性特征. 利用逐级近似法对系统非线性共振频率、基频和三倍频振动幅值响应、 分频激励共振机理等进行了理论分析. 基频和三倍频振动的幅-频响应数值结果表明: 气泡的轴向共振和管壁共振不能同时出现; 两垂直方向的振动均表现出幅值响应多值性, 进而可能引起系统的不稳定声响应; 三倍频振动在低频区的声响应强于高频区. 关键词： 弹性微管 受迫振动 非线性振动 气泡声响应     

NIRSE: Normal-incidence rotating-sample ellipsometer

We describe a normal-incidence rotating-sample ellipsometer (NIRSE) which is capable of measuring the ratio of the complex amplitude reflection coefficients of an anisotropic sample for incident light that is linearly polarized along two orthogonal principal axes in its surface. In the NIRSE, is derived from the normalized amplitudes of the Fourier components of a photoelectric signal at double and four times the angular frequency of sample rotation. The application of PIE (perpendicular-incidence ellipsometry) to anisotropic film-substrate systems is also discussed.     

混沌干扰中基于同步挤压小波变换的谐波信号提取方法

针对混沌干扰背景下多个谐波信号的提取问题, 提出了一种基于同步挤压小波变换(SST)的谐波信号抽取方法. 首先利用SST将混沌信号和谐波信号组成的混合信号分解为不同的内蕴模态类函数, 然后利用Hilbert变换对分离出的内蕴模态类函数进行频率识别, 从中分离出各谐波信号. 以Duffing混沌背景为例, 对混沌干扰下多谐波信号的提取进行了实验分析. 实验结果表明: 对于不同频率间隔的多个谐波分量, 本文方法的提取结果都具有较高的精度, 而且所提方法对高斯白噪声的干扰具有较好的鲁棒性, 综合提取效果优于经典的经验模态分解方法.     

On possibility of using the lowest odd harmonics of the phase modulation frequency in the output signal of the fiber-optic ring interferometer for detection of the sagnac effect

The possibility of using the lowest harmonics of the phase modulation frequency in the output signal of the fiber-optic ring interferometer (FRI) for detection of the FRI rotation angular velocity is considered. It is shown that the use of the third harmonic of the phase modulation frequency is optimal, since, in this case, the effect of insignificant admixture of the second harmonic of the phase modulation frequency on the FRI baseline shift can be completely eliminated. When processing the signal using the first or the fifth harmonic of the phase modulation frequency, it is possible to compensate for the FRI baseline shift because of its weak dependence on the phase modulation amplitude. Upon processing of the FRI output signal using higher odd harmonics of the phase modulation frequency, the signal-to-noise ratio noticeably decreases.     

Measuring the optical rotation based on the Fast Fourier Transform

Based on the structure of polarizer–Faraday modulator–analyzer, a method of measuring the optical rotation is proposed by using Fast Fourier Transform to analyze the output signal of optical material. The output signal detected by a photodetector comprises two AC components, which angular frequencies are ω and 2ω, respectively. So, the amplitude ratio of different frequency signals can be obtained by using the Fast Fourier Transform. According to the relationship between the amplitude ratio and optical rotation, the optical rotation of material can be detected. Furthermore, the experiment results show that the correlation coefficient between the measured optical rotation and the sugar solution concentration is found to be 0.99979.     

晶格振动的超快光谱调控

采用飞秒激光抽运脉冲激发了Bi_2Te_3薄膜频率为1.856 THz的声子相干振动,并用探测光测量得到了其阻尼振动信号.结合Raman光谱,确定该振动为A~1_(1g)对称振动模式的相干光学声子.为了实现该模式振动的调控,在抽运光路上安装了脉冲整形器,进而控制生成具有不同时间间隔和能量比的两束脉冲激光.研究表明,当两束脉冲的间隔时间为相干光学声子振动半周期的奇数倍时,调整两束脉冲的能量比值,可以实现A~1_(1g)模式振动的完全消除.继而将两束脉冲的能量比值保持不变,得到了振幅随间隔时间的变化曲线,与理论分析符合.结果进一步证实了用超快光谱调控特定晶格振动的可行性,从而为研究材料内部超快能量传递过程提供了有效手段.     

Linear and nonlinear resonance features of an erbium-doped fibre ring laser under cavity-loss modulation

The continuous-wave output of a single-mode erbium-doped fibre ring laser when subjected to cavity-loss modulation is found to exhibit linear as well as nonlinear resonances. At sufficiently low driving amplitude, the system resembles a linear damped oscillator. At higher amplitudes, the dynamical study of these resonances shows that the behaviour of the system exhibits features of a nonlinear damped oscillator under harmonic modulation. These nonlinear dynamical features, including harmonic and subharmonic resonances, have been studied experimentally and analysed with the help of a simple time-domain and frequency-domain information obtained from the output of the laser. All the studies are restricted to the modulation frequency lying in a regime near the relaxation oscillation frequency.     

Homopolar oscillating-disc dynamo driven by parametric resonance

We use a simple model of Bullard-type disc dynamo, in which the disc rotation rate is subject to harmonic oscillations, to analyze the generation of magnetic field by the parametric resonance mechanism. The problem is governed by a damped Mathieu equation. The Floquet exponents, which define the magnetic field growth rates, are calculated depending on the amplitude and frequency of the oscillations. Firstly, we show that the dynamo can be excited at significantly subcritical disc rotation rate when the latter is subject to harmonic oscillations with a certain frequency. Secondly, at supercritical mean rotation rates, the dynamo can also be suppressed but only in narrow frequency bands and at sufficiently large oscillation amplitudes.