IVB族过渡金属氮化物弹性与光学性质研究

基于密度泛函理论平面波方法研究了IVB族过渡金属氮化物TiN, ZrN, HfN的电子结构、 弹性性质和光学性质. 研究表明, IVB族过渡金属氮化物晶格的电子结构分别体现了共价性、 离子性和金属性, 且基态下体系呈金属性. 各晶格在坐标基矢方向上的杨氏模量的数值与体对角线方向上的差距明显, 体现出典型的弹性性质各向异性, 这导致了实验研究在制备其薄膜时不可避免地产生晶格畸变与微裂纹. 伴随着态密度中赝隙的红移, TiN, ZrN, HfN的金属性依次增强, 使得材料在力学性能方面脆性减弱, 单晶的各向异性程度提升, 以及光学性质方面电子跃迁机理由带内跃迁到带间跃迁转变所需入射光子能量的蓝移和光谱选择性能的下降. 因此, 通过降低IVB族过渡金属氮化物中自由电子的组分以加强材料的共价性, 有利于提高材料弹性性质的各向同性, 改善材料的光谱选择性能.关键词：第一性原理弹性性质光学性质     

Cr1-xNbxSi2固溶体弹性性质、电子结构和光学性质的理论研究

采用基于密度泛函理论(DFT)的第一性原理计算,对Nb掺杂CrSi2的晶格结构、弹性性质,电子结构和光学性质进行了系统的研究. 研究结果表明：随着Nb掺杂浓度增加,弹性常数、体变模量、剪切模量、杨氏模量均减小,而且能带间隙也逐渐减小,表现为p型掺杂特点. 基于电子结构计算结果以及已知的实验结果, 讨论了Nb掺杂CrSi2后对其复介电函数、折射率、消光系数、反射率和吸收谱等光学性质的影响.     

Anomalous Optical and Electronic Properties of CaTiO3 Perovskites

With the help of the first-principles full potential linearized augmented plane wave method, absorption coefficients, reflectivity, dielectric behavior and electronic properties, including electronic energy bands, density of states and charge density distributions, are studied for the tetragonal and cubic CaTiO3. By considering the thermal expansion effects, an approximate method is proposed for the study of the stability of ground state and a tendency of phase transition, based on the minimum free energy principle. Subsequently, numerical calculations are carried out by using the first-principles perturbation method. We demonstrate that the high-temperature phase is cubic. It is shown that optical spectra in tetragonal phase exhibit single-peak feature and differ from multi-peak character in cubic. We find that strong orbital hybridization results in the co-valent bonds between Ti 3d and O 2p electrons and forms two-type dipoles (Ti-O1 and Ti-O2) in tetragonal, while the Ti-O dipoles are identical in cubic. It is argued that crystal structure determines the dipole distributions and leads to some electron states among which the dipole-dipole transition forbidden is a key, causing such anomalous optical phenomena with the insulator characteristics. The predicted charge density distribution and the tendency of phase transition from tetragonal to cubic are in good agreement with experimental observations.     

Anomalous Optical and Electronic Properties of CaTiO3 Perovskites

With the help of the first-prlnciples full potential linearized augmented plane wave method, absorption coefficients, reflect/vity, dielectric behavior and electronic properties, including electronic energy bands, density of states and charge density distributions, are studied for the tetragonal and cubic CaTiO3. By considering the thermal expansion effects, an approximate method is proposed for the study of the stability of ground state and a tendency of phase transition, based on the minimum free energy principle. Subsequently, numerical calculations are carried out by using the first-principles perturbation method. We demonstrate that the high-temperature phase is cubic. It is shown that optical spectra in tetragonal phase exhibit single-peak feature and differ from multi-peak character in cubic. We find that strong orbital hybridization results in the co-valent bonds between Ti 3d and O 2p electrons and forms two-type dipoles （Ti-Ol and Ti-02） in tetragonal, while the Ti-O dipoles are identical in cubic. It is argued that crystal structure determines the dipole distributions and leads to some electron states among which the dipole-dipole transit/on forbidden is a key, causing such anomalous optical phenomena with the insulator characteristics. The predicted charge density distribution and the tendency of phase transition from tetragonal to cubic are in good agreement with experimental observations.     

高压下固态Kr弹性性质、电子结构和光学性质的第一性原理计算

采用密度泛函理论中平面波基矢,模守恒赝势结合局域密度近似以及广义梯度近似对固态Kr在高压下的结构以及弹性性质进行了研究, 通过计算发现弹性常数,Debye温度以及声速都随压力的增大而增大,所计算的弹性常数与实验和其他的理论符合的很好. 利用Debye模型得到了固态Kr的热力学性质, 熵随压力的增大而减小,随温度升高而升高;而定容热容C_v,定压热容C_p则随温度升高而升高,而且C_v在达到一定温度时趋于定值,所得的热力学性质和实验值是相符的．最后还预测了固态Kr在高压下的电子结构和光学性质, 计算结果表明随压力的增加固态Kr的前沿能带变窄,光吸收系数增大,吸收峰增宽,电子更容易发生跃迁,固态Kr有可能转化为半导体．关键词：Kr第一性原理弹性常数光学性质     

Electronic Structure and Optical Properties of Zinc-Blende InxGa1-xNyAs1-y by a First-Principles Study

Electronic structure and optical properties of the zinc-blende In_xGa_{1 - x}N_yAs_1-y system are calculated from the first-principles. Some relative simulations are performed using CA-PZ form of local density approximation in the framework of density functional theory. The supercell of intrinsic GaAs is calculated and optimized by using different methods, and the LDA-CA-PZ gives the most stable structure. The band gap of In_xGa_{1 - x}As tends to decrease with the increasing In concentration. For the case of In_0.0625Ga_0.9375N_yAs_{1 -y}, the band gap will show slight difference when N concentration is larger than 18.75%. The optical transition of In dopant in GaAs exhibits a red shift, while it is a blue shift for the N dopant in InGaAs. Besides, dielectric function, reflectivity, refractive index and loss function in different doping model of In_xGa_{1 - x}N_yAs_{1 - y} are also discussed.     

宽带隙半导体CdAl_2S_4电子结构、弹性和光学性质的研究

采用基于密度泛函理论(DFT)的第一性原理计算方法,对宽带隙半导体Cd Al_2S_4的晶格结构、电学、弹性和光学性能进行了系统的研究.研究结果表明:Cd Al2S4为直接带隙的宽带隙半导体材料;是弹性稳定的具有各向异性的延展性材料;该晶体的光学性质在中能区(3.5~12.5 e V)具有较强的各向异性,其强反射峰处于紫外能量区域,因此其可用作紫外光探测或屏蔽材料.     

宽带隙半导体CdAl2S4电子结构、弹性和光学性质的研究

采用基于密度泛函理论(DFT)的第一性原理计算方法,对宽带隙半导体CdAl2S4的晶格结构、电学、弹性和光学性能进行了系统的研究. 研究结果表明：CdAl2S4为直接带隙的宽带隙半导体材料;是弹性稳定的具有各向异性的延展性材料;该晶体的光学性质在中能区(3.5 ~12.5 eV)具有较强的各向异性,其强反射峰处于紫外能量区域,因此其可用作紫外光探测或屏蔽材料.     

CeO2的电子结构，光学和晶格动力学性质：第一性原理研究

基于考虑了Ce-4f电子间的库仑作用U和交换作用J的LDA+U方案,应用第一性原理计算系统研究了CeO₂的电子结构,光学和晶格动力学性质.电荷密度和电子局域函数的分布特征表明,CeO₂是属于共价键的绝缘体.介电常数、玻恩有效电荷张量和声子色散曲线的计算值和相应的实验结果符合得比较好.关键词：电子结构光学性质晶格动力学第一性原理计算     

缺陷黄铜矿结构Xga2S4 (X=Zn,Cd, Hg)晶体电子结构和光学性质的第一性原理研究

采用基于密度泛函理论(DFT)的第一性原理超软赝势方法对缺陷黄铜矿结构XGa₂S₄ (X=Zn, Cd, Hg)晶体的晶格结构、电学以及光学性质进行了对比研究. 分析比较了它们的晶格常数、键长、能带结构、态密度、介电函数、折射率和反射系数等性质, 并总结其变化趋势. 结果表明: 这三种材料的光学性质在中间能量区域(4 eV–10 eV)表现出较强的各向异性, 而在低能区域(<4 eV)和高能区域(>10 eV)各向异性较弱. ZnGa₂S₄和HgGa₂S₄两种材料的折射率曲线在等离子体频率ω_p处有一明显的拐点, 反射系数在ω_p处达到最大值后急剧下降. 三种晶体的强反射峰均处于紫外区域, 因此可以用作紫外光屏蔽或紫外探测材料.关键词：缺陷黄铜矿结构电子结构光学性质第一性原理计算     

几种三元过渡金属碳化物弹性及电子结构的第一性原理研究

基于密度泛函理论平面波方法研究了六方WC型Re_xW_1－xC(x=1, 0.25, 0.75, 0),Re_0.5Os_0.5C和Os_0.5W_0.5C的晶体结构、弹性和电子结构性质.研究发现Re_0.25W_0.75C晶体具有优异的弹性性能及稳定性,其剪切模量(312 GPa)超过了所有其他实验合成和     

Structural,electronic, optical and elastic properties of the complex K2PtCl6-structure hydrides ARuH6 (A = Mg,Ca, Sr and Ba): first-principles study

We report a systematic study of the structural, electronic, optical and elastic properties of the ternary ruthenium-based hydrides A₂RuH₆ (A = Mg, Ca, Sr and Ba) within two complementary first-principles approaches. We describe the properties of the A₂RuH₆ systems looking for trends on different properties as a function of the A sublattice. Our results are in agreement with experimental ones when the latter are available. In particular, our theoretical lattice parameters obtained using the GGA-PBEsol to include the exchange-correlation functional are in good agreement with experiment. Analysis of the calculated electronic band structure diagrams suggests that these hydrides are wide nearly direct band semiconductors, with a very slight deviation from the ideal direct-band gap behaviour and they are expected to have a poor hole-type electrical conductivity. The TB-mBJ potential has been used to correct the deficiency of the standard GGA for predicting the optoelectronic properties. The calculated TB-mBJ fundamental band gaps are about 3.53, 3.11, 2.99 and 2.68 eV for Mg₂RuH₆, Ca₂RuH₆, Sr₂RuH₆ and Ba₂RuH₆, respectively. Calculated density of states spectra demonstrates that the topmost valence bands consist of d orbitals of the Ru atoms, classifying these materials as d-type hydrides. Analysis of charge density maps tells that these systems can be classified as mixed ionic-covalent bonding materials. Optical spectra in a wide energy range from 0 to 30 eV have been provided and the origin of the observed peaks and structures has been assigned. Optical spectra in the visible range of solar spectrum suggest these hydrides for use as antireflection coatings. The single-crystal and polycrystalline elastic moduli and their related properties have been numerically estimated and analysed for the first time.     

电子辐照GaN基LED的缺陷光学性能研究

采用基于第一性原理计算的平面波超软赝势方法,计算电子辐照后由简单缺陷引起的GaN外延材料的光学性能变化。首先计算出本征GaN晶体的性质作为研究缺陷性质变化的参照,着重分析了V_N、V_Ga、Ga_N、Mg_Ga、Mg_Ga-O_N、Mg_Ga-V_N、V_Ga-O_N等缺陷对光吸收谱的影响。由于InGaN多量子阱是主要的LED发光来源,还对不同In摩尔分数掺杂下的GaN进行了光学性质研究。结果表明:V_N、Ga_N和In掺杂等缺陷使GaN主吸收峰出现红移且吸收系数均降低;而V_Ga、Mg_Ga、Mg_Ga-O_N、V_Ga-O_N均使GaN的主吸收峰出现蓝移,只是Mg_Ga缺陷使主吸收峰峰值增加,其余缺陷均使主峰吸收系数降低;Mg_Ga-V_N仅仅减小了主峰峰值,并未改变光子吸收波长。研究结果表明,电子辐照后的缺陷会使材料性能发生变化。

     

高压下Py-FeO2、Py-FeOOH和ε-FeOOH晶体结构与弹性特征的第一性原理研究

Py-FeO₂、Py-FeOOH和ε-FeOOH是地幔及核幔边界的重要成分,其在高温高压下的物性演化特征对了解地幔物质组成和结构及动力学过程有重要意义,为此利用第一性原理方法计算了0~350 GPa条件下Py-FeO₂和Py-FeOOH以及0~170 GPa条件下ε-FeOOH的晶体结构与弹性性质。Py-FeO₂和Py-FeOOH的晶格常数随压强的增加呈逐渐减小趋势,而ε-FeOOH的晶格常数随压强增加而减小,其中c轴更容易被压缩。Py-FeO₂、Py-FeOOH和ε-FeOOH的晶胞密度随压强增加而增大,按照密度由大到小依次为Py-FeO₂、Py-FeOOH、ε-FeOOH。3相的体积模量随压强的增加线性增加,Py-FeO₂和Py-FeOOH的剪切模量随压强的增加线性增加。对比体积模量可知,Py-FeO₂的体积模量最高,Py-FeOOH和ε-FeOOH的体积模量在高压下几乎一致;而Py-FeO₂的剪切模量最大,ε-FeOOH的剪切模量最小。Py-FeO₂、Py-FeOOH和ε-FeOOH的压缩波速随压强的增加而增加,Py-FeO₂的剪切波速随压强的增加而增加。Py-FeOOH的剪切波速在0~2000 km深度范围内随深度增加而减小,在2000~6000 km深度范围内变化较小(在5.8~6.0 km/s之间);ε-FeOOH的剪切波速在33 GPa(约900 km深度)发生突变。3相中ε-FeOOH的波速最低,而Py-FeO₂的波速最高。综合计算结果表明,Py-FeO₂和Py-FeOOH具有高密度、低波速的特点,与地幔超低速区的性质一致。Py-FeO₂和Py-FeOOH在形成之后可能富集下沉到核幔边界,成为超低速区的来源。ε-FeOOH在超过33 GPa压强条件下发生的氢键对称化给ε-FeOOH的结构带来显著变化,同时氢键对称化会影响原子间相互作用,进而影响ε-FeOOH的弹性性质以及地震波速。