Monoenergetic electron parameters in a spheroid bubble model

A reliable analytical expression for the potential of plasma waves with phase velocities near the speed of light is derived.The presented spheroid cavity model is more consistent than the previous spherical and ellipsoidal models and it explains the mono-energetic electron trajectory more accurately,especially at the relativistic region.The maximum energy of electrons is calculated and it is shown that the maximum energy of the spheroid model is less than that of the spherical model.The electron energy spectrum is also calculated and it is found that the energy distribution ratio of electrons △E/E for the spheroid model under the conditions reported here is half that of the spherical model and it is in good agreement with the experimental value in the same conditions.As a result,the quasi-mono-energetic electron output beam interacting with the laser plasma can be more appropriately described with this model.     

Electron trajectory evaluation in laser-plasma interaction for effective output beam

Using the ellipsoidal cavity model, the quasi-monoenergetic electron output beam in laser-plasma interaction is described. By the cavity regime the quality of electron beam is improved in comparison with those generated from other methods such as periodic plasma wave field, spheroidal cavity regime and plasma channel guided acceleration. Trajectory of electron motion is described as hyperbolic, parabolic or elliptic paths. We find that the self-generated electron bunch has a smaller energy width and more effective gain in energy spectrum. Initial condition for the ellipsoidal cavity is determined by laser-plasma parameters. The electron trajectory is influenced by its position, energy and cavity electrostatic potential.     

Using the Steepened Plasma Profile and Wave Breaking Threshold in Laser‐Plasma Interaction

In this work we evaluate the interaction of high intense laser beam with a steepened density profile. During laser interaction with underdense plasma by freely expanding plasma regime, modification of density profile is possible. In this paper we have investigated the ultra short laser pulse interaction with nonisothermal and collisionless plasma. We consider self–focusing as an effective nonlinear phenomenon that tends to increase when the laser power is more than critical rate. By leading the expanded plasma to a preferred location near to critical density, laser reflection is obtained, so the density profile will be locally steepened. The electromagnetic fields are evaluated in this new profile. We show the amplitude and period of electrical field oscillation are increased by reducing the steepened scale length. Also our numerical results identify that by reducing the steepened scale length, the electrical field is increased to wave breaking threshold limit. This high gradient electrical field causes the effective beam loading during the wave breaking phenomenon. The wave breaking can be the initial point for other acceleration regime as cavity or channel guiding regime. (© 2008 WILEY‐VCH Verlag GmbH & Co. KGaA, Weinheim)     

啁啾脉冲放大系统中光栅展宽器的性能与实验研究

论述了啁啾脉冲放大技术中运用单光栅展宽器结构将少光脉冲在时域进行啁啾展宽的原理及特性，导出了该展宽器所提供色散量的具体表达式及其展宽后激光脉冲宽度的计算，然后通过数值计算分析了其展宽因子及展宽比随各参量的之间的变化关系；本文在此基础上进一步获得了实验的测量结果。     

近共振区超短强激光脉冲激发的等离子体尾波场

用一维相对论粒子模拟研究了相对论超短强激光脉冲在等离子体中传播时激发的尾波场,初步获得了近共振区尾波场的峰值幅度随激光脉冲宽度变化的特点,发现在近共振区等离子体波激发出现增强。通过准静态近似下尾波激发的一维非线性方程数值求解,并与粒子模拟结果比较,得到了该非线性方程的适用范围：当激光脉冲宽度小于等离子体波波长的4倍时,该方程所得结果与粒子模拟结果一致;而当激光脉冲宽度大于该数值时,该方程不再适用。     

稀薄等离子体中的超短强激光脉冲孤子及尾波孤子

在弱相对论条件下，给出了超短强激光脉冲在稀薄等离体中传播的孤子解及其所激发的尾波场孤子解。     

Accurate monoenergetic electron parameters of laser wakefield in a bubble model

A reliable analytical expression for the potential of plasma waves with phase velocities near the speed of light is derived. The presented spheroid cavity model is more consistent than the previous spherical and ellipsoidal model and it explains the mono-energetic electron trajectory more accurately, especially at the relativistic region. As a result, the quasi-mono-energetic electrons output beam interacting with the laser plasma can be more appropriately described with this model.     

Extension of high-order harmonics and generation of an isolated attosecond pulse in the chirped laser field

This paper theoretically investigates the high-order harmonic generation cutoff extension using intense few-cycle linearly chirped laser pulses. It shows that the cutoff of the harmonic can be extended remarkably by optimising the chirping parameters. The time-frequency characteristics of high-order harmonics with different chirping parameters are analysed by means of wavelet transform of the dipole acceleration. It also gives out the classical three-step model pictures of electron. By superposing a properly selected range of the harmonic spectrum, it obtains an isolated 65as pulse.     

Effects of the Chirped Pulse on Dissociation and Ionization Processes for Hydrogen Molecular Ions at Low Vibrational States

The influence of a chirped laser pulse (5- fs, 800- nm) on dissociation and ionization processes for hydrogen molecular ions at low vibrational levels with different intensities has been discussed by numerically solving the one-dimensional time-dependent Schrödinger equation. By employing the “virtual detector” method, the probabilities and kinetic- energy- release spectra of dissociation and Coulomb explosion channels have been calculated. The results indicate that both the dissociation and ionization processes could be enhanced with proper chirp parameters; additionally, the dissociation process occurring at an early time in the chirped laser field is more sensitive to chirp parameters at low intensity due to the enhancement of the bond softening channel. The corresponding theoretical explanation is also provided.     

二次谐波产生中入射啁啾脉冲对相位的影响

讨论了基波为叔率啁啾脉冲的二次谐波产生过程，结果表明选取合适的啁啾参量可以提高二次谐波的光强，但同时会使其波形和相位发生变化，三次相位的畸变主要取决于入射的基波啁啾脉冲，而与相位匹配的失谐量关系不大。     

Extension of Harmonic Cutoff and Generation of Isolated Sub-30 as Pulse in a Two-Color Chirped Laser Field

We theoretically investigate high-order harmonic and isolated attosecond pulse generation in a two-color chirped laser field,which is synthesized by a 9 fs/800 nm fundamental chirped pulse and a 9 fs/1600 nm controlling chirped pulse.Our numerical results show that,by using this method,not only is the harmonic cutoff significantly extended to the 948th order harmonic,but also the bandwidth of the supercontinuum spectrum is effectively broadened to about 1342 eV.In addition,due to the introduction of the chirp,the long quantum path is suppressed and only the short one is selected,and then an isolated 28 as pulse with a bandwidth of 155 eV is obtained directly.     

非线性延迟响应对啁啾类孤波的影响

以描述超短光脉冲在光纤中传输的高阶非线性Ginzburg-Landau方程为模型,给出了包含三阶色散,自陡效应以及非线性延迟响应等效应的锁模激光器系统的啁啾类孤波解,并采用分步傅立叶方法对该解析解的稳定性进行了详细的分析。结果表明:在一定的系统参数条件下,即使存在一些微弱的扰动,这类啁啾类孤波解依然可以稳定地存在并传输较长的距离。如果初始输入脉冲为任意的高斯脉冲,在经过一段传输距离的演化后,啁啾类孤波解形成并可以稳定传输。     

ICF黑腔金泡等离子体运动研究取得进展

在神光Ⅲ主机装置,利用16束激光注入黑腔产生二维柱对称、接近点火状态的等离子体环境。利用一台X光分幅相机首次获得金泡等离子体的运动演化过程和不同时刻金、充气等离子体边界的绝对位置。通过精密实验与二维辐射流体程序模拟结果比较,验证了改进模型的合理性和可靠性。     

Compton散射下横等离激元与对等离子体作用特性

应用多光子非线性Compton散射模型、横等离激元色散方程和Karpman方法,研究了Compton散射对横等离激元与对等离子体作用特性的影响,提出了将入射超强激光和Compton散射作为横等离激元与对离子等离子体非线性作用新机制,给出了横等离激元非线性控制方程、等离激元数和能量公式。结果表明:与散射前相比,Compton散射使等离子体密度发生剧烈扰动,高频横等离激元与低密度扰动耦合非线性增强,导致横等离激元落入低密度区的几率增大。等离子体非线性频移和高密度区能量增加,低密度区能量减小,导致横等离激元电场包络迅速坍塌,等离激元数增加,场强度更强。     

Trends in ultrashort and ultrahigh power laser pulses based on optical parametric chirped pulse amplification

Since the proof-of-principle demonstration of optical parametric amplification to efficiently amplify chirped laser pulses in 1992,optical parametric chirped pulse amplification(OPCPA)became the most promising method for the amplification of broadband optical pulses.In the meantime,we are witnessing an exciting progress in the development of powerful and ultrashort pulse laser systems that employ chirped pulse parametric amplifiers.The output power and pulse duration of these systems have ranged from a few gigawatts to hundreds of terawatts with a potential of tens of petawatts power level.Meanwhile,the output pulse duration based on optical parametric amplification has entered the range of fewoptical-cycle field.In this paper,we overview the basic principles,trends in development,and current state of the ultrashort and laser systems based on OPCPA,respectively.     

预脉冲激光对线状等离子体X射线发射特性的影响

报道了能量比为１：１０、间隔为２００ｐｓ、脉冲宽度为１２０ｐｓ的双脉冲激光驱动线状等离子体的Ｘ射线发射特性。通过与单脉冲驱动情况比较，获得了预脉冲作用下，等离子体轴向辐射增强的空间分布特性。并针对若干重要的辐射跃迁的增强情况，讨论了它们各自的物理原因。     

Enhancement of oscillation amplitude of cavitation bubble due to acoustic wake effect in multibubble environment

Acoustic cavitation occurs in ultrasonic treatment causing various phenomena such as chemical synthesis, chemical decomposition, and emulsification. Nonlinear oscillations of cavitation bubbles are assumed to be responsible for these phenomena, and the neighboring bubbles may interact each other. In the present study, we numerically investigated the dynamic behavior of cavitation bubbles in multi-bubble systems. The results reveal that the oscillation amplitude of a cavitation bubble surrounded by other bubbles in a multi-bubble system becomes larger compared with that in the single-bubble case. It is found that this is caused by an acoustic wake effect, which reduces the pressure near a bubble surrounded by other bubbles and increases the time delay between the bubble contraction/expansion cycles and sound pressure oscillations. A new parameter, called “cover ratio” is introduced to quantitatively evaluate the variation in the bubble oscillation amplitude, the time delay, and the maximum bubble radius.     

(O)ffner展宽器曲面镜误差对输出脉冲对比度的影响

在(O)ffner展宽器的设计研究中,对曲面镜曲率半径的误差研究非常重要,它直接影响输出脉冲的质量.因此有必要分析(O)ffner展宽器中曲面镜曲率半径的误差对输出脉冲对比度的影响.参考(O)ffner展宽器的光线追迹模型,建立了(O)ffner展宽器中曲面镜曲率半径存在误差时的光线追迹模型;根据建立的模型.详细分析了曲面镜曲率半径的误差对输出脉冲质量的影响;发现在目前曲面镜曲率半径的加上误差在0.2%～0.5%的情况下,完全可以满足神光Ⅱ拍瓦激光装置中对展宽器的要求;同时发现如果曲面镜曲率半径存在误差时,应该尽量使两曲面镜之间的距离保持为凹面反射镜曲率半径的一半,而不是使两曲面镜保持同心.     

Effects of Higher-Order Relativistic Nonlinearity and Wakefield During a Moderately Intense Laser Pulse Propagation in a Plasma Channel

Using a variational approach,the propagation of a moderately intense laser pulse in a parabolic preformed plasma channel is investigated.The effects of higher-order relativistic nonlinearity (HRN) and wakefield are included.The effect of HRN serves as an additional defocusing mechanism and has the same order of magnitude in the spot size as that of the transverse wakefield (TWF).The effect of longitudinal wakefield is much larger than those of HRN and TWF for an intense laser pulse with the pulse length equaling the plasma wavelength.The catastrophic focusing of the laser spot size would be prevented in the present of HRN and then it varies with periodic focusing oscillations.