分子动力学模拟压水反应堆中氢气对水的影响

通过分子动力学方法模拟了在常温常压下(1 atm, 298 K)和在压水堆环境下(155 atm, 626 K), 水分子数为256, 氢分子数为0, 25, 50, 75和100等不同数目时, 粒子系统的动力学性质和微观结构, 分析了不同氢气对水中溶解氧的影响. 从模拟结果可知, 在常温常压和压水堆环境下, 当氢粒子数分别为0, 25, 50, 75和100时, 粒子系统的均方位移会随氢分子数增加而增加, 并且常温常压下的增长幅度远小于压水堆环境下的增长幅度, 如压水堆环境下氢分子数为75时系统的均方位移约是常温常压下氢分子数为75时系统的均方位移的6.02倍, 比压水堆环境下氢分子数0时系统的均方位移增加了131.88%. 此外, 粒子系统的微观结构, 从径向分布函数看, 在常温常压下随着氢分子数目的增加而小幅度增加, 这与常温常压下因氢气溶解在水中增大了氧离子周围的粒子密度相符合. 而在压水堆环境下, 氢分子数为75, 50, 25与为0时的水比较, 其径向分布均不会有太大的变化, 而分子数为100时会出现明显增加, 与为0时的水比较其径向分布增加了22.00%. 模拟结果表明, 往压水堆中的水加入氢气能明显地抑制水中的溶解氧.     

Towards sustainable micro-pollutants’ removal from wastewaters: caffeine solubility,self-diffusion and adsorption studies from aqueous solutions into hydrochars

ABSTRACT

Hydrochars obtained via hydrothermal carbonisation of pistachio shells are both a sustainable and an efficient alternative to commercial activated carbons for the removal of micro-pollutants from wastewaters that are difficult to handle by conventional treatments. Here a combined experimental and molecular simulation approach is adopted for the study of the caffeine/hydrochars aqueous systems. This case study serves to tune a general framework for the rational customisation of surface functional groups on hydrochars for the selective adsorption of micro-pollutants from wastewaters. Caffeine’s solubility, self-diffusion and adsorption results from aqueous solutions at relevant conditions are presented. Insights about the role of surface functional groups over the caffeine adsorption mechanism into hydrochars are gained and discussed.     

FexO-SiO2-CaO-MgO-“NiO”系镍渣势函数及分子动力学模拟

从非经验参数角度构建基于两原子模型的Fe_xO-SiO₂-CaO-MgO-\"NiO\"渣的势函数,利用分子动力学模拟揭示调控镍渣组分与结构及物理化学性能之间的关系。结果表明： BMH（Born-Mayer-Huggins）势函数能够较好表征Fe_xO-SiO₂-CaO-MgO-\"NiO\"系镍渣的势能。当镍渣中CaO含量为15 wt.%时,Si⁴⁺-Si⁴⁺间配位数最小,此时熔渣的聚合度最低,有利于扩散。当Fe元素由Fe²⁺转换为Fe³⁺后,和O^2-结合能力更强,会导致熔渣更难以扩散,因而镍渣的黏度迅速升高,造成冶炼条件恶化,因此在镍闪速熔炼时要严格控制Fe²⁺/Fe³⁺的比例。模拟计算的黏度与实测值吻合较好,表明构建的势函数能够较好地反映镍渣的物化性能。     

纳米铝热剂Al/SiO_2层状结构铝热反应的分子动力学模拟

利用分子动力学模拟方法和反应力场势函数研究了Al/SiO_2层状纳米体系的铝热反应,模拟了在不同初始温度下(600,700,800,900,1000和1100 K)绝热反应的结构变化和能量性质,发现Al/SiO_2体系的铝热反应是自加热的氧化还原反应,当初始温度为900和1000 K时,Al经历了熔化前的一个临界状态,与SiO_2的铝热反应比较活跃,系统温度随着反应时间的增加不断升高,当初始温度为600,700,800和1100 K时,初始温度越高,在Al和SiO_2界面形成的Al-O层越薄,系统发生铝热反应达到的最终绝热温度越高,所用的时间(有效反应时间τ)越短,即界面扩散阻挡层的厚度对铝热反应的自加热速率产生了影响,初始温度为600,700,800,1100K时的自加热速率分别为3.4,3.5,4.7和5.4K/p8.A1/SiO_2体系的铝热反应析出了Si单质,与实验结果相符合。     

Molecular dynamics simulations of displacement cascades in Fe-10%Cr systems

Molecular dynamics simulations of the displacement cascades in Fe-10%Cr systems are used to simulate the primary knocked-on atom events of the irradiation damage at temperatures 300,600,and 750 K with primary knockedon atom energies between 1 and 15 keV.The results indicate that the vacancies produced by the cascade are all in the central region of the displacement cascade.During the cascade,all recoil Fe and Cr atoms combine with each other to form Fe-Cr or Fe-Fe interstitial dumbbells as well as interstitial clusters.The number and the size of interstitial clusters increase with the energy of the primary knocked-on atom and the temperature.A few large clusters consist of a large number of Fe interstitials with a few Cr atoms,the rest are Fe-Cr clusters with small and medium sizes.The interstitial dumbbells of Fe-Fe and Fe-Cr are in the 111 and 110 series directions,respectively.     

Molecular dynamics simulations of displacement cascades in Feben 10%Cr systems

Molecular dynamics simulations of the displacement cascades in Fe-10%Cr systems are used to simulate the primary knocked-on atom events of the irradiation damage at temperatures 300, 600, and 750 K with primary knocked-on atom energies between 1 and 15 keV. The results indicate that the vacancies produced by the cascade are all in the central region of the displacement cascade. During the cascade, all recoil Fe and Cr atoms combine with each other to form Fe-Cr or Fe-Fe interstitial dumbbells as well as interstitial clusters. The number and the size of interstitial clusters increase with the energy of the primary knocked-on atom and the temperature. A few large clusters consist of a large number of Fe interstitials with a few Cr atoms, the rest are Fe-Cr clusters with small and medium sizes. The interstitial dumbbells of Fe-Fe and Fe-Cr are in the lan111ran and lan110ran series directions, respectively.     

单壁碳纳米管在石墨基底上运动的分子动力学模拟

采用分子动力学模拟方法研究单壁碳纳米管在石墨基底上的运动.首先碳纳米管在基底弛豫至平衡状态,然后对其施加一固定外力,撤去外力后,碳纳米管在基底上逐渐减速至停止.为了研究管径、手性角对运动方式的影响,本文选择了C(10,10),C(10,9),C(10,8),C(10,5),C(10,0),C(8,8)六种单壁碳纳米管进行模拟.结果表明,碳纳米管在石墨基底上的运动方式由手性角决定,与管径无关.手性角等于30°时,碳纳米管与石墨基底之间为公度结构,碳纳米管的运动出现周期性的滑动和翻滚现象;手性角大于28.3°小于30°时,碳纳米管一边向前滑动一边滚动;手性角小于26.3°时,碳纳米管在基底上滑动.碳纳米管的手性角决定了它与石墨基底接触界面的微观构型,从而决定了碳纳米管的运动方式.关键词：分子动力学模拟碳纳米管动能结构公度性     

扩散系数的分子动力学模拟

本文选用平衡分子动力学模拟方法,应用不同的势能模型对强极性分子水的扩散系数进行了模拟计算．结果表明,用分子动力学模拟方法计算水的扩散系数时,模拟结果对模型的选取极为敏感。在目前应用较为广泛的几种模型中以 SPCE模型较为适用,所得的扩散系数与实验值较为接近。     

Surface diffusion of Si,Ge and C adatoms on Si （001） substrate studied the molecular dynamics simulation

Depositions of Si, Ge and C atoms onto a preliminary Si (001) substrate at different temperatures are investigated by using the molecular dynamics method. The mechanism of atomic self-assembling occurring locally on the flat terraces between steps is suggested. Diffusion and arrangement patterns of adatoms at different temperatures are observed. At 900 K, the deposited atoms are more likely to form dimers in the perpendicular [110] direction due to the more favourable movement along the perpendicular [110] direction. C adatoms are more likely to break or reconstruct the dimers on the substrate surface and have larger diffusion distances than Ge and Si adatoms. Exchange between C adatoms and substrate atoms are obvious and the epitaxial thickness is small. Total potential energies of adatoms and substrate atoms involved in the simulation cell are computed. When a newly arrived adatom reaches the stable position, the potential energy of the system will decrease and the curves turns into a ladder-like shape. It is found that C adatoms can lead to more reduction of the system energy and the potential energy of the system will increase as temperature increases.     

抑制剂Benzamidine与胰岛素作用机制的分子动力学和结合自由能计算研究

氢键和极性相互作用在抑制剂-蛋白结合专一性识别过程中起到重要作用. 抑制剂Benzamidine(BEN)与胰岛素trypsin相互作用机制的阐明有助于胰岛素高效抑制剂的研发.本文采用分子动力学模拟和MM-PBSA(molecular mechanics-Poisson Boltzmann surface area)从原子层次上研究BEN与胰岛素的结合模式.结果表明抑制剂BEN的脒基不仅与Asp189的羰基产生静电相互作用,而且与残基Ser190和Gly214形成氢键相互作用.基于残基能量分解的计算表明抑制剂的苯基与残基His58, Cys191, Gln192, Trp211, Gly212和Cys215形成有利于抑制剂结合的疏水性相互作用.期望当前的研究能为胰岛素有效抑制剂的研发提供重要的理论指导.     

抑制剂Benzamidine与胰岛素作用机制的分子动力学和结合自由能计算研究

氢键和极性相互作用在抑制剂-蛋白结合专一性识别过程中起到重要作用.抑制剂Benzamidine(BEN)与胰岛素trypsin相互作用机制的阐明有助于胰岛素高效抑制剂的研发.本文采用分子动力学模拟和MM-PBSA(molecular mechanics-Poisson Boltzmann surface area)从原子层次上研究BEN与胰岛素的结合模式.结果表明抑制剂BEN的脒基不仅与Asp189的羰基产生静电相互作用,而且与残基Ser190和Gly214形成氢键相互作用.基于残基能量分解的计算表明抑制剂的苯基与残基His58,Cys191,Gln192,Trp211,Gly212和Cys215形成有利于抑制剂结合的疏水性相互作用.期望当前的研究能为胰岛素有效抑制剂的研发提供重要的理论指导.     

C36团簇自组装的分子动力学研究

提出了利用C36团簇在气相条件下自组装制备新纳米团簇的设想,并利用分子动力学方法模 拟了包括真实氦气氛作用的碳团簇生长过程,发现环境气体温度是影响最后所生成的团簇结 构的关键因素：C36团簇在1000?K到2000?K的温度范围内,自组装形成保持C36线径特征的 蚕茧状新纳米团簇;在高于2000?K的温度下,最后形成的团簇趋于球状.关键词：分子动力学模拟纳米碳团簇     

Molecular dynamics study of two-and three-dimensional classical fluids using double Yukawa potential

We have carried out a molecular dynamics simulation of two- and three-dimensional double Yukawa fluids near the triple point. We have compared some of the static and dynamic correlation functions with those of Lennard—Jones, when parameters occurring in double Yukawa potential are chosen to fit Lennard-Jones potential. The results are in good agreement. However, when repulsive and attractive parameters occurring in double Yukawa potential are varied, we found distinct differences in static and dynamic correlation functions. We have also compared the two-dimensional correlation functions with those of three-dimensional to study the effect of dimensionality, near the triple point region.     

On the Einstein model for EXAFS parallel and perpendicular mean‐square relative displacements

The correlated Einstein model for EXAFS parallel and perpendicular mean‐square relative displacements (MSRDs) is discussed. By means of dynamical simulations on different crystalline structures, the error owing to the Einstein‐fit model on the EXAFS MSRDs is estimated as a function of the standard deviation of the density of vibrational states. This error should be taken into account to improve the accuracy of the MSRDs.     

纳米铜团簇在常温和升温过程中能量特征的分子动力学研究

采用分子动力学方法和F-S多体势函数,模拟研究纳米铜团簇常温下能量特征及其在升温直到熔化过程中的变化,确定了常温下纳米铜团簇的表面原子厚度和表面能,给出在不同温度下纳米铜团簇能量大小分布比例和能量的概率密度,细致描述了团簇升温过程团簇内部原子和表面原子之间不同的变化特征.关键词：铜团簇分子动力学能量特征温度     

The non-ideal solvation of NaCl in solvent: a simulation study

The non-ideality of the solvation of NaCl in a family of modified hybrid water solvent environments with varying local structural order is investigated using intensive molecular dynamics simulations. The results show that there are ion clusters of different size in all environments studied. The size distribution of the ion clusters is sensitive to the local structure of the solvent, which is determined by the hydrogen bonding strength. The ions are inclined to be in contact in solvents with high translational order, for competition between structure breaking among solvent molecules and structure formation around hydrated ions.     

Atomistic simulation of fcc-bcc phase transition in single crystal Al under uniform compression

By molecular dynamics simulations employing an embedded atom model potential,we investigate the fcc-to-bcc phase transition in single crystal Al,caused by uniform compression.Results show that the fcc structure is unstable when the pressure is over 250 GPa,in reasonable agreement with the calculated value through the density functional theory.The morphology evolution of the structural transition and the corresponding transition mechanism are analysed in detail.The bcc (011) planes are transited from the fcc (11) plane and the (11) plane.We suggest that the transition mechanism consists mainly of compression,shear,slid and rotation of the lattice.In addition,our radial distribution function analysis explicitly indicates the phase transition of Al from fcc phase to bcc structure.