高温金属熔体黏度突变探索

高温金属熔体的黏度是衡量液态金属动力学性质的一个重要指标,是高温金属熔体的基本物理性能之一.熔体的黏度在表征脆性系数、金属玻璃形成能力的大小和液-液相变现象方面起关键性作用.本文在介绍高温金属熔体黏度测量方法的基础上,综合评述了单质、二元和多元合金黏度随温度的变化规律和黏度突变特征,分析了黏度突变研究的物理意义,并指出高温金属熔体黏度今后研究的发展方向。     

Structural relaxation of metallic glass forming melts

The fragility of superheated melts, M, for 13 kinds of metallic alloys has been evaluated from the data of the dynamic viscosity above their liquidus temperatures. The authors find that the glass forming ability of metallic melts depends on the fragility of superheated melts rather than on the value of viscosity. In the present work the value of fragility is less than 1 for good glass-forming melts but more than 1 for the other melts. The variation rate of atomic coordination number with temperature indicat...     

High-precision nuclear magnetic resonance probe suitable for in situ studies of high-temperature metallic melts

High-temperature nuclear magnetic resonance (NMR) has proven to be very useful for detecting the temperature-induced structural evolution and dynamics in melts. However, the sensitivity and precision of high-temperature NMR probes are limited. Here we report a sensitive and stable high-temperature NMR probe based on laser-heating, suitable for in situ studies of metallic melts, which can work stably at the temperature of up to 2000 K. In our design, a well-designed optical path and the use of a water-cooled copper radio-frequency (RF) coil significantly optimize the signal-to-noise ratio (S/NR) at high temperatures. Additionally, a precise temperature controlling system with an error of less than ±1 K has been designed. After temperature calibration, the temperature measurement error is controlled within ±2 K. As a performance testing, ²⁷Al NMR spectra are measured in Zr-based metallic glass-forming liquid in situ. Results show that the S/NR reaches 45 within 90 s even when the sample's temperature is up to 1500 K and that the isothermal signal drift is better than 0.001 ppm per hour. This high-temperature NMR probe can be used to clarify some highly debated issues about metallic liquids, such as glass transition and liquid-liquid transition.     

磁场对介观耦合金属环中持续电流的影响

在考虑电荷是量子化的基础上，研究了外加磁场对介观耦合金属环中持续电流的影响.结果表明：由于存在耦合，介观金属环中总是存在附加的持续电流，附加的持续电流与电路参数及耦合系数有关.当外加磁通量按正弦规律变化时，介观耦合金属环中出现倍频与分频效应. 关键词： 介观耦合金属环 持续电流 磁场     

钴和铁熔体短程序的分子动力学模拟

通过分子动力学模拟研究了金属钴和铁熔体从普通液态到过冷液态普通微观结构的性质.所计算两体分布函数与可获得的实验结果基本一致,从普通液态到过冷液态的局域结构中的原子配位数为11和12的分布几率随着温度的降低而变小,而原子的配位数大于12的分布几率反而增加,角分布函数位于55.有一个明显的峰,位于110°有一个宽展的峰,位于150°有一个肩膀,表明金属钴和铁熔体的微观局域结构要比规则的二十面体团簇的结构复杂得多.我们的模拟结果表明金属熔体中的二十面体短程序随着温度的降低而增加,并在过冷液态中而占优势.     

光磁共振实验中扫场及水平场取值关系的探讨

在光磁共振实验中,常常有抽运信号与共振信号同时存在的情况,这严重影响到实验的观察和测量.本文利用扫场及水平场大小对抽运信号的影响,通过理论分析和实验测量得到抽运和共振信号不同时存在时扫场和水平场的取值关系.从而有效避免抽运信号对共振信号的干扰,以及对总磁场方向误判的情况,保证了实验的顺利进行和准确测量.     

黏性、表面张力和磁场对Rayleigh-Taylor不稳定性气泡演化影响的理论分析

采用理论分析的方法考察了磁场中非理想流体中Rayleigh-Taylor(RT)不稳定性气泡的演化过程,在与磁场垂直的平面中,综合考虑流体黏性和表面张力的影响,推导了二维非理想磁流体RT不稳定性气泡运动的控制方程组,给出了不同情况下气泡速度的渐近解和数值解,分析了流体黏性、表面张力和磁场对气泡发展的影响,分析结果表明:流体黏性和表面张力能够降低气泡速度和振幅,即能够抑制RT不稳定性;而磁场对RT不稳定性的影响是由非线性部分引起的,并且磁场非线性部分的方向决定了磁场是促进还是抑制RT不稳定性的发展,     

磁场引起的潘宁离子源阻抗变化研究

以11 MV回旋加速器潘宁离子源作为研究对象,通过调节磁场强度研究了磁场对工作在弧放电模式下的潘宁离子源的影响规律,深入分析了该放电模式下的放电自持机制、磁场引起的阻抗变化规律、异常发光现象。实验在6 mL/min氢气流量下,保持离子源弧流不变,调节磁场强度,记录磁场强度对弧压的影响。实验结果表明：二次电子发射机制与热电子发射机制在潘宁源自持放电过程中发挥了同样重要的作用;在强磁场情况下离子源阻抗受到磁场变化影响不大,在磁场小于0.15 T时磁场的作用才变得明显;当磁场减弱至等离子体进入阻抗增长区后,存在一段等离子体剧烈放电、光强突然增加的区域。在实验的基础上,得到了设计潘宁源的启发,并分析了磁场对等离子体电导率影响的微观物理机制,这些有助于研制或使用工作在弧放电模式下的潘宁离子源。     

Bénard-Marangoni ferroconvection with magnetic field dependent viscosity

The effect of magnetic field dependent viscosity on the onset of Bénard-Marangoni ferroconvection in a horizontal layer of ferrofluid is investigated theoretically. The lower boundary is taken to be rigid with fixed temperature, while the upper free boundary at which temperature-dependent surface tension effect is considered is non-deformable and subject to a general thermal condition. The Rayleigh-Ritz method with Chebyshev polynomials of the second kind as trial functions is employed to extract the critical stability parameters numerically. The results show that the onset of ferroconvection is delayed with an increase in the magnetic field dependent viscosity parameter (Λ) and Biot number (Bi) but opposite is the case with an increase in the value of magnetic Rayleigh number (R_m) and nonlinearity of magnetization (M₃). Further, increase in R_m, M₃, and decrease in Λ and Bi is to decrease the size of the convection cells.     

脉冲磁场下水热法制备Cr掺杂ZnO稀磁 半导体晶体

本文以ZnCl₂, CrCl₃. 6H₂O和氨水缓冲溶液为原料, 在4T脉冲磁场下水热法制备了Cr掺杂ZnO稀磁半导体晶体, 通过X射线衍射分析、扫描电子显微镜观察及采用振动样品磁强计进行磁性分析等, 探讨了脉冲磁场对其微观结构及磁性能的影响. 结果表明: Cr掺杂ZnO稀磁半导体晶体仍保持ZnO的六方纤锌矿结构, 脉冲磁场具有促进晶粒生长及取向排列的作用, 4T脉冲磁场条件下合成的Cr掺杂ZnO稀磁半导体具有良好的室温铁磁性, 其饱和磁化强度(M_s)为0.068 emu/g, 而无脉冲磁场情况下制备的样品室温下呈顺磁性, 并且, 脉冲磁场下制备将稀磁半导体的居里温度提高了16 K.     

Dirac equation with vector and scalar cornell potentials and an external magnetic field

The two‐dimensional Dirac equation in the presence of vector and scalar Cornell potentials as well as an external magnetic field by a quasiexact methodology are investigated. The closed form of the eigenfunctions is reported and the energy behavior for different states is numerically discussed.     

Modelling the unsteady melt flow under a pulsed magnetic field

A numerical model for the unsteady flow under a pulsed magnetic field of a solenoid is developed, in which magnetohydrodynamic flow equations decouple into a transient magnetic diffusion equation and unsteady Navier–Stokes equations in conjunction with two equations of the k–ε turbulent model. A Fourier series method is used to implement the boundary condition of magnetic flux density under multiple periods of a pulsed magnetic field （PMF）. The numerical results are compared with the theoretical or experimental results to validate the model under a time-harmonic magnetic field; it is found that the toroidal vortex pair is the dominating structure within the melt flow under a PMF. The velocity field of a molten melt is in a quasi-steady state after several periods; changing the direction of the electromagnetic force causes the vibration of the melt surface under a PMF.     

半导体硅熔体的有效(磁)黏度

用钕铁硼(NdFeB)永磁材料构建"魔环"结构的永磁体,向直拉硅生长的熔体所在空间引入磁场,采用回转振荡法测量不同磁场强度下硅熔体的有效黏度(磁黏度).在温度一定时,测得的磁黏度随着磁场强度的增加而增加,二者呈抛物线关系.熔硅温度升高,磁场影响加剧.1490—1610℃温度区间内,磁黏度有异常变化.当引入磁场强度为0068T时,熔硅有效黏度比原黏度增加2—3个数量级,证明引入磁场是硅单晶大直径生长时,抑制熔硅热对流的有效手段. 关键词： 硅熔体 有效(磁)黏度 魔环永磁体 回转振荡法     

强磁场下Sm-Fe薄膜不同晶态组织演化及磁性能调控

针对Sm-Fe薄膜的不同晶态组织演化和磁性能调控问题,采用分子束气相沉积方法制备Sm-Fe薄膜时,通过改变Sm含量、膜厚和强磁场来调节薄膜的晶态和磁性能.结果表明,Sm含量可以调节Sm-Fe薄膜的晶态组织演化,而晶态组织的演化和强磁场对磁性能有显著影响.Sm-Fe薄膜在Sm原子比为5.8%时是体心立方晶态组织,在Sm含量为33.0%时为非晶态组织,而膜厚和强磁场不会影响薄膜的晶态组织.非晶态薄膜的表面粗糙度和表面颗粒尺寸都比晶态薄膜的小,施加6 T强磁场会使表面颗粒尺寸增大,而表面粗糙度降低.非晶态薄膜的饱和磁化强度M_s比晶态薄膜的M_s(1466 emu/cm~3,1 emu/cm~3=4π×10-10T)低约47.6%,施加6 T强磁场使非晶态和晶态薄膜的M_s均降低约50%.Sm-Fe薄膜的矫顽力H_c在6—130 Oe(1 Oe=103/(4π)A/m)之间,其中,非晶态薄膜的H_c比晶态薄膜的H_c大.施加6 T强磁场使晶态薄膜的H_c增大,而使非晶态薄膜的H_c减小,最高可以减少95%.结果表明含量和强磁场可以用于调控Sm-Fe薄膜的晶态和磁性能.     

横向静磁场对电磁悬浮液滴稳定性的影响

在利用电磁悬浮技术实现液滴悬浮的过程中,液滴内部往往存在剧烈对流、外部伴随快速旋转和质心的水平位移等不稳定因素;因此,实现液滴的稳定悬浮是完善电磁悬浮技术的关键.本文采用实验观测的方法,通过U形静磁场组件对液滴所在空间施加横向静磁场,利用高速相机记录了不同磁场强度下纯铜熔融液滴的振荡变形过程;分析了横向静磁场对悬浮铜液滴振荡频率、振幅以及旋转的影响.实验发现:对于熔融前的固态铜颗粒,若静磁场强度超过0.3 T,铜颗粒几乎以静止状态悬浮.熔融后,当施加0.15 T的静磁场,与未加静磁场时相比,液滴俯视图轮廓线拟合出的椭圆分别与x轴和y轴的交点坐标之差R-、椭圆面积A和椭圆长轴长度Dmax的振幅分别减小了25%,76%和60%;随着磁场强度的继续增加,振幅和频率继续减小,但在静磁场强度为0.3 T时,相比静磁场强度为0.2 T,频率增加了1 Hz.横向静磁场还抑制了悬浮铜液滴的旋转,当磁场强度增加到0.53 T时,悬浮液滴只在10?的角度范围内摆动.这些结果表明,施加横向静磁场能够有效提高悬浮液滴的稳定性.     

导体对磁场的屏蔽作用分析

分析了导体球壳对静磁场和对交变磁场的屏蔽作用,讨论了影响导体球壳对静磁场和对交变磁场的屏蔽作用的因素.     

脉冲强磁场下稀土材料的发光行为研究

脉冲强磁场具有峰值磁场强及扫场速度快的特点,在一个磁场脉冲内可获得从零场到最高磁场强度的全部数据,因而测量结果具有较高的精确度和对比度。稀土发光材料因具有发光谱线丰富、发光效率高的特点,在照明、显示和传感等领域有着广泛的应用。在强磁场作用下,稀土发光材料展现出发光强度和颜色可调的特征,在磁场传感、磁场标定和磁控发光器件等方面有重要应用价值。文章利用武汉国家脉冲强磁场科学中心磁光测量装置,系统地研究了铒、铕等稀土元素掺杂的发光材料在脉冲强磁场作用下的发光光谱、发光强度以及精细能级结构等特征随磁场变化的规律,初步探索了脉冲强磁场下的磁光谱在晶体结构分析、能级结构确定、磁场标定以及磁场传感等方面的应用。     

Modification of medium phase memory under influence of pulsed inhomogeneous magnetic field

We consider retrieving of a light pulse stored in a medium of atoms with Λ-configuration of levels under conditions of electromagnetically induced transparency when a pulse of the external magnetic field inhomogeneous over the medium length is applied to the medium during the absence of the control field. It is shown that the coherence of lower levels of medium atoms acquires a phase depending on the coordinate along the medium and that the temporal shape of the retrieved pulse, if it is recorded interferometrically, reflects the coordinate dependence of the magnetic field.     

块状TiO2气凝胶的溶胶-凝胶过程及结构

对块状TiO2气凝胶的溶胶-凝胶过程及结构进行了实验研究,结果发现:增加催化剂的量,凝胶化时间缩短,湿凝胶的透明度降低,强度提高;增加前驱体的量,凝胶化时间缩短,湿凝胶的透明度变化不大,强度提高;增加水量,凝胶化时间先缩短后增加,湿凝胶透明度先减小后增加,强度先增加后减小。利用扫描电镜对超临界干燥法制备的不同催化剂量和密度的块状TiO2气凝胶的结构进行了表征,并对结构与溶胶-凝胶过程之间的联系进行了分析。结果表明:增加催化剂量,由于缩聚反应进行的程度提高,气凝胶粒子粒径较小且总的孔径较大。减小前驱体量,气凝胶粒子粒径增大且结构逐渐疏松。     

脉冲磁场下金属熔体凝固流场的数值模拟

用ANSYS55有限元数值模拟软件对铝合金熔体凝固过程中的流场作了数值模拟，模拟结果和实验现象相符合.通过数值模拟发现，用数值模拟的方法不仅可以初步了解凝固过程中熔体的流动状态，而且可以了解凝固组织细化和产生缺陷的原因.因此，是一个值得注意的研究方向，有较大的实用价值.