Template synthesis of nanostructured silica with hollow core and mesoporous shell structures

Silica capsules with hollow macroporous core–mesoporous shell (HCMS) were synthesized through template-assisted replication of submicrometer-size polystyrene spheres as templates. The silica mesoporous shell exhibited highly ordered hexagonal structure as confirmed by X-ray diffraction pattern and TEM image. The pore diameter and BET surface area of this sample were found to be 2.1 nm and 1387 m²/g, respectively.     

Large scale and controllable preparation of W_2C nanorods or WC nanodots with peroxidase-like catalytic activity

W_2C nanorods or WC nanodots are prepared via an easy,shape-controllable and large-scale preparation technique.Results reveal that each of the W_2C nanorods and WC nanodots has a peroxidase-like activity.Besides,the peroxidase-like activity of W_2C is the first time to be demonstrated.The catalytic efficiency of W_2C nanorods is much higher than that of WC nanodots and chemical condition range of W_2C can be wider than that of WC,which indicates that W_2C is likely to be used as artificial mimetic peroxidase or in-situ amplified colorimetric immunoassay.     

氧化钨纳米线-单壁碳纳米管复合型气敏元件的室温NO2敏感性能与机理

利用溶剂热法合成了一维的氧化钨纳米线, 通过掺入适量单壁碳纳米管(SWNT)制备了基于氧化钨纳米线-SWNT 复合结构的室温气敏元件并评价了其对NO₂气体的室温敏感性能. 利用X射线与扫描电子显微镜表征了材料的微结构, 结果表明, 合成的氧化钨纳米线具有单斜的W₁₈O₄₉结构, 复合材料中SWNT被包埋在氧化钨纳米线中间. 气敏性能测试结果表明, 氧化钨纳米线-SWNT复合结构气敏元件在室温下对NO₂气体表现出了高的灵敏度和超快的响应特性; 较低的SWNT掺入量对获得好的气敏性能有利. 分析了基于复合结构材料气敏元件的可能的气敏机理, 认为元件良好的室温敏感性能与SWNT掺入在复合结构材料中引入大量的贯穿气孔和p-n异质结有关.     

Ablation properties of carbon/carbon composites with tungsten carbide

The ablation properties and morphologies of carbon/carbon (C/C) composites with tungsten carbide (WC) filaments were investigated by ablation test on an arc heater and scanning electron microscopy. And the results were compared with those without tungsten carbide (WC) filaments tested under the same conditions. It shows that there is a big difference between C/C composites with and without WC filaments on both macroscopic and microscopic ablation morphologies and the ablation rates of the former are higher than the latter. It is found that the ablation process of C/C composites with WC filaments includes oxidation of carbon fibers, carbon matrices and WC, melting of WC and WO₃, and denudation of WC, WO₃ and C/C composites. Oxidation and melting of WC leads to the formation of holes in z directional carbon fiber bundles, which increases the coarseness of the ablation surfaces of the composites, speeds up ablation and leads to the higher ablation rate. Moreover, it is further found that the molten WC and WO₃ cannot form a continuous film on the ablation surface to prevent further ablation of C/C composites.     

Enhanced absorption properties of ordered mesoporous carbon/Co-doped ordered mesoporous carbon double-layer absorbers

Ordered mesoporous carbon (OMC) and metal-doped (M-doped) OMC composites are prepared, and their electromagnetic (EM) parameters are measured. Using the measured EM parameters we calculate the EM wave absorption properties of a double-layer absorber, which is composed of OMC as an absorbing layer and M-doped OMC as the matching layer. The calculated results show that the EM wave absorption performance of OMC/OMC-Co (2.2mm/2.1mm) is improved remarkably. The obtained effective absorption bandwidth is up to 10.3 GHz and the minimum reflection loss reaches 47.6 dB at 14.3 GHz. The enhanced absorption property of OMC/OMC-Co can be attributed to the impedance match between the air and the absorber. Moreover, it can be found that for the absorber with a given matching layer, a larger value of -tanδε (= tan δε absorbing tan δε matching ) can induce better absorption performance, indicating that the difference in impedance between the absorbing layer and the matching layer plays an important role in improving the absorption property of double-layer absorbers.     

真空热蒸发制备CdS/ZnS核/壳异质结纳米线

将传统的真空热蒸发镀膜实验加以改进,先以催化剂辅助蒸发制备出CdS纳米线,再将其作为模板,以ZnS为蒸发源物质,二次蒸发包覆ZnS层,成功制备出大量的CdS/ZnS核/壳异质结纳米线.经X射线衍射、X射线能量色散谱、透射电镜分析表明,所得CdS/ZnS异质结纳米线的核心部分为CdS单晶纳米线,外层为ZnS多晶层.本文的实验方法简便易行,所得纳米结构在光电纳米器件领域有一定应用前景.     

The preparation of nanophase tungsten carbide powder with zeolite-X catalysts

The reduction–carburization of tungsten trioxide (WO₃) under carbon monoxide flow was studied in the temperature range of 300–750 °C. The reduction–carburization of WO₃ was improved by mechanically mixing with zeolite-HX, -NaX and -KX. The interaction between cation in zeolite-X and oxygen in WO₃ affected the improvement of the reduction–carburization of WO₃ to WC. Moreover, the improved reduction–carburization of WO₃ could lead to the decrease of reaction temperature. Because the particle size of WC is in contact with a reaction temperature, the nanophase WC can be prepared at low temperature. In particular, the particle size of WC was controlled by reaction temperature. The particle sizes of produced WC at 550, 650 and 700 °C were 25, 50 and 100 nm respectively.     

Radial heterostructure and interface effects on thermoelectric transport properties of Bi/Sn and Bi/Sb core/shell nanowires

The thermoelectric transport properties of Bi/Sn and Bi/Sb core/shell (C/S) nanowires grown by the method of on-film formation of nanowires were systematically investigated. The electrical conductivity and Seebeck coefficient of nanowires with different diameters were measured as a function of the temperature. The contribution of Sn and Sb shells to the total transport in the C/S nanowires was determined using analytical fitting based on the parallel combination of the conductive system model. The carrier-interface boundary scattering at the C/S interface was quantitatively evaluated as the sheet resistance. In addition, the effect of hole doping on the transport properties was also observed in the Bi/Sn C/S nanowires.     

碳纳米管内Ni纳米线的螺旋度与热稳定性研究

本文采用分子动力学模拟方法研究了扶手型碳纳米管包裹Ni纳米线的复合结构, 主要讨论内部Ni纳米线的螺旋度和热稳定性.结果表明, Ni纳米线为多壳层螺旋结构, 各壳层是由多条Ni原子链螺旋而成,不同层的螺旋度不同,内层的螺旋度明显大于外层. 当每层的Ni原子链条数为3的整数倍时,其螺旋度最大. Ni纳米线的螺旋度与碳纳米管的管径相关,各层螺旋度的大小随管径的增加有明显的周期性变化. 碳纳米管对Ni纳米线有很好的保护作用,即使是高温对Ni纳米线的结构及螺旋度也影响很小.     

Cu/C核/壳纳米结构的气相合成、形成机理及其光学性能研究

采用乙酰丙酮铜为原料, 通过化学气相沉积大批量制备出Cu/C核/壳纳米颗粒和纳米线. 研究结果表明, 通过控制沉积温度可对Cu/C核/壳纳米材料的形貌和结构进行很好的控制. 比如, 沉积温度为400 ℃时可获得直径约200 nm的Cu/C核/壳纳米线, 沉积温度为450 ℃ 时可获得直径约200 nm的Cu/C核/壳纳米颗粒和纳米棒的混合产物, 沉积温度为600 ℃时可获得直径约22 nm的Cu/C核/壳纳米颗粒. 获得的Cu/C核/壳纳米结构是由一个新颖的凝聚机理形成的, 而这种机理不同于著名的溶解-析出机理. 紫外-可见光谱和荧光光谱分析结果表明: Cu/C核/壳纳米线和纳米颗粒均在225 nm处出现Cu的吸收峰, 同时在620 和616 nm处分别出现了纳米线和纳米颗粒的表面等离子共振吸收峰. Cu/C核/壳纳米线在312 和348 nm处、 Cu/C核/壳纳米颗粒在304 和345 nm处出现荧光发射谱峰. 关键词： Cu/C核/壳结构 纳米线 纳米颗粒 光学性能     

带有碳杂质的钨中氢稳定性的第一性原理研究

应用第一性原理计算方法研究了碳(C)原子对钨(W)中氢(H)原子稳定性的影响. 本征W中, 当C-H间距离为～2.5 Å时, H的溶解能出现最低值, 此时为H最稳定的位置. W中存在空位时, 由于C的影响, H占据的最佳电子密度面值为0.10 Å^-3. 研究发现, W中单空位最多能容纳10个H原子, 且不能形成H分子, 不同于没有C存在的情况, 表明C对W中H稳定性存在很大影响. 此外, 当两个C原子存在于空位中时, H占据的最佳电子密度面值变为0.13 Å^-3.     

核壳结构磁性复合纳米材料的可控合成与性能

具有核/壳结构的磁性复合纳米材料是十分重要的功能材料,其综合物性受材料微结构的影响,而这很大程度上又取决于复合体系的可控合成.本文综述了近二十年来有关核/壳磁性复合纳米材料的制备、表征及性能研究方面的进展,讨论的体系主要有：铁氧体基永磁/软磁（反铁磁）复合纳米材料、非磁性体包覆磁性核而成的复合纳米材料、用磁性颗粒催化合成的碳基复合纳米材料、基于交换偏置效应而设计的复合纳米材料、核-壳同轴结构的一维复合纳米材料和核/壳/壳三元结构的磁性复合纳米材料等.构建复合体系的组分包括M型永磁铁氧体、3d过渡金属（及其合金、氧化物、碳化物）、多铁化合物、非磁性体（比如绝缘体、半导体、有机分子）和碳材料等,着重分析了复合纳米材料的热稳定性、光致发光性能、光电催化能力、电化学特性、微波吸收性能、磁电阻效应、永磁体性能、高频软磁特性、交换偏置效应及其相关现象.最后,对核/壳结构磁性复合纳米材料的未来发展趋势进行了展望,并在基础研究和改性应用方面提出了一些建议.     

Preparation and characterization of core/shell particles with siloxane in the shell

The core/shell particles consisting of polystyrene core and 3-(methacryloxypropyl)-trimethoxysilane (MPS) shell were prepared in the present study by successive seeding polymerization under kinetically controlled conditions and were characterized by particle size analyser, transmission electron microscopy (TEM) and X-ray photoelectron spectroscopy (XPS). The TEM image indicated that the particles containing organic siloxane presented an evident core/shell structure. Additionally, the study of XPS also revealed that MPS could be grafted onto the surface of polystyrene microspheres and the atomic ratio of C/Si on the surface of the core/shell particles (MPS-40) was very close to the ratio of C/Si in the molecule of MPS. The surface properties of the films produced from the core/shell particles were also investigated by the static contact angle method. Compared with the homopolymer of PS, the core/shell particles were more effective to create hydrophobic surface, so, the introduction of MPS was capable of obvious increase in water repellency.     

High yield preparation of silver nanowires by CuCl2-mediated polyol method and application in semitransparent conduction electrode

High yield preparation of silver nanowires (AgNWs) was prepared by polyol method. In this developed polyol process, uniform AgNWs have been successfully synthesized at higher yield by introducing CuCl₂·2H2O, when ethylene glycol is used as the solvent and reductant while poly vinyl pyrrolidone (PVP) is used as the capper agent. Then Ag thin films were made by screen printing using silver nanowires and nanoparticles as semitransparent conduction electrodes. The test results indicated that the electrical resistivity could be as low as 0.091 Ω/□, when the transparence rate can reach 45–46%, which shows great promise in the improvement of conductive antireflection coating.     

Numerical study of exchange bias in antiferromagnetic/ferromagnetic core/shell nanoparticles with non-magnetic defects

We perform Monte Carlo simulations for an antiferromagnetic/ferromagnetic core/shell nanoparticle with a doubly inverted structure. We investigate the dependence of the exchange bias field and coercivity on the magnetic dilution of the shell-interface and shell part. It is demonstrated that exchange bias and coercivity can exhibit monotonic or non-monotonic behavior depending on the location of the non-magnetic components. Also, temperature dependence of the exchange bias and coercivity of the system are studied for a particular defect concentration value. Our results provide an alternative way for tunning the magnetic properties of doubly inverted nanoparticles.     

The interpretation of X-ray diffraction from the pyrocarbon in carbon/carbon composites with comparison of TEM observations

Three different carbon/carbon (C/C) composites based on needle-punched felt made of layered T700 carbon fiber cloth were fabricated by chemical vapor infiltration and were studied using transmission electron microscopy (TEM) and X-ray diffraction (XRD). The TEM observations show that one of the composites contains only low-textured pyrocarbon. The other two contain both low-textured and high-textured pyrocarbon, one with predominantly low-textured and the other with mainly high-textured pyrocarbon. High-resolution TEM images show that the high-textured pyrocarbon in the two composites has the same microstructure as local areas with the graphite structure. XRD measurements show that the interlayer spacing and crystallite size of pyrocarbon are not only affected by the poorly graphitized carbon fiber phase, but also by the amounts of the different types of pyrocarbon and the orientation of crystallites. Comparison of the TEM observations and the XRD measurements reveals that structural parameters, such as the interlayer spacing and crystallite size, of pyrocarbon in C/C composites as determined by XRD are not accurate. Therefore, XRD profiles of C/C composites should be interpreted with caution. TEM observations for detailed microstructure analysis of C/C composites are thus important.     

Effect of hydrostatic pressure on diamagnetic susceptibility of hydrogenic donor impurity in core/shell/shell spherical quantum dot with Kratzer confining potential

Dependencies of diamagnetic susceptibility ${\chi }_{dia}$ on parameter $r_0$ for different values of hydrostatic pressure for 1s state.Dependence of diamagnetic susceptibility ${\chi }_{dia}$ on hydrostatic pressure $P$ for different values of $r_0$ for 1s state.

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A density functional theory study of the electronic structures and magnetic properties of Fe（1-x）Cox alloy nanowires encapsulated in （10,0） carbon nanotubes

Under the generalized gradient approximation, the electronic structures and magnetic properties of Fe_(1-x)Co_x alloy nanowires encapsulated inside zigzag (10,0) carbon nanotubes (CNTs) are investigated systematically using firstprinciple density functional theory calculations. For the fully relaxed Fe_(1-x)Co_x/CNT structures, all the C atoms relax outwards, and thus the diameters of the CNTs are slightly increased. Formation energy analysis shows that the combining processes of all Fe_(1-x)Co_x/CNT systems are exothermic, and therefore the Fe_(1-x)Co_xalloy nanowires can be encapsulated into semiconducting zigzag (10,0) CNTs and form stable hybrid structures. The charges are transferred from the Fe_(1-x)Co_xnanowires to the more electronegative CNTs, and the Fe-C/Co-C bonds formed have polar covalent bond characteristics. Both the spin polarization and total magnetic moment of the Fe_(1-x)Co_x/CNT system are smaller than those of the corresponding freestanding Fe_(1-x)Co_xnanowire, and the magnetic moment of the Fe_(1-x)Co_x/CNT system decreases monotonously with increasing Co concentration, but the Fe_(1-x)Co_x/CNT systems still have a large magnetic moment, implying that they can be utilized in high-density magnetic recording devices.     

CH4或CH4+Ar介质阻挡放电中的离子能量和类金刚石膜制备

实验上，利用纯CH₄及CH₄+Ar在几百帕量级气压下的介质阻挡放电 制备类金刚石膜，研究了气压p与放电间隙d乘积(pd值)以及Ar的体积百分比R_Ar 对膜硬度的影响.理论上，从离子与气体分子的双体碰撞出发，利用较高折合电场强度E/n( 电场强度与粒子数密度之比)下离子及中性粒子速度分布的双温模型、离子在其他气体中运 动时遵守的朗之万方程及离子在混合气体中运动时遵守的布兰克法则，对CH⁺4和Ar⁺离子能量进行了分析.结果表明：1)CH₄介质阻挡 放电中，pd值由1.862×10³Pa mm降低至2.66×10²Pa mm时，CH+₄能量由5.4eV增加到163eV，类金刚石膜硬度由2.1GPa提高到17.6GPa ; 2) 保持总气压p=100Pa,放电间距d=5mm不变，在CH₄中加入Ar气，当R_Ar 由20％增加至83%时，CH⁺₄的能量由69eV增加到92eV,而Ar＋能量由93eV降低至72eV.虽然CH⁺₄能量增加有助于提高 沉积膜硬度，但当R_Ar大于67%，高强度Ar⁺轰击会导致膜表面石墨 化，膜硬度降低.为了验证离子能量理论模型的正确性，实验测量了H₂介质阻挡 放电中离子能量，测量结果与理论计算之间最大相对误差为16%. 关键词： 离子能量 介质阻挡放电 类金刚石膜     

Probing of surface Eu ions present in ZnO:Eu nanoparticles by covering ZnO:Eu core with Y2O3 shell: Luminescence study

Eu³⁺ doped ZnO nanoparticles are known to have significance extent of surface Eu³⁺ ions due to a large difference in ionic radii. Effect of such Eu³⁺ ions on the luminescence properties of ZnO:Eu nanoparticles has been understood from the luminescence studies of ZnO:Eu nanoparticles covered with Y₂O₃ shell. Based on the asymmetric ratio of luminescence and extent of energy transfer, it is established that when ZnO:Eu nanoparticles are covered with Y₂O₃ shell, a part of Eu³⁺ ions present with ZnO:Eu core migrate to Y₂O₃ shell and occupy Y³⁺ lattice positions.