磁性应力监测中力磁耦合特征及关键影响因素分析

针对磁性应力监测研究中力磁耦合关系有多种变化趋势且一直没有合理理论解释这一问题, 从磁性材料的微观磁畴运动出发, 根据磁致磁化过程, 详细分析了两种不同磁化状态下力致磁化的变化规律, 揭示出力磁耦合关系的变化特征, 进而提出磁化状态是导致力磁耦合关系差异的本质因素; 对工程上实际缆索用镀锌钢丝在不同磁化状态下进行了力磁耦合试验, 结果与理论一致: 力磁耦合关系随磁化状态的不同而不同, 本质上有效地解释了已有研究中力磁耦合关系的矛盾多样性. 关键词： 应力监测 磁化状态 力磁耦合 磁畴运动     

强激光辐照下纯铝的力学响应和层裂的实验测量与分析

 采用速度干涉（VISAR）测试技术,对强激光辐照下纯铝的动态力学响应和层裂特性进行了实验测量和分析。样品厚度分别为200 μm 和485 μm,激光脉冲的半高宽约为10 ns,功率密度变化范围为10¹⁰~10¹¹ W·cm^-2。实测了样品自由面速度波形,反映了强激光加载作用下材料损伤演化过程以及损伤对材料动态响应的影响。计算得到了冲击波强度(2.0~13.4 GPa) 和不同拉伸应变率下铝的层裂强度(1.6~2.3 GPa)。在所采用的实验条件和1维近似下,激光辐照产生的冲击波强度与激光功率密度之间成线性关系。最后讨论了层裂强度与拉伸应变率之间的关系,显示层裂强度随着拉伸应变率的增加而增大。     

强激光辐照下纯铝的力学响应和层裂的实验测量与分析

采用速度干涉（VISAR）测试技术,对强激光辐照下纯铝的动态力学响应和层裂特性进行了实验测量和分析。样品厚度分别为200 μm 和485 μm,激光脉冲的半高宽约为10 ns,功率密度变化范围为1010~1011 W·cm-2。实测了样品自由面速度波形,反映了强激光加载作用下材料损伤演化过程以及损伤对材料动态响应的影响。计算得到了冲击波强度(2.0~13.4 GPa) 和不同拉伸应变率下铝的层裂强度(1.6~2.3 GPa)。在所采用的实验条件和1维近似下,激光辐照产生的冲击波强度与激光功率密度之间成线性关系。最后讨论了层裂强度与拉伸应变率之间的关系,显示层裂强度随着拉伸应变率的增加而增大。     

Tuning the spin dependent behavior of monatomic carbon wires between nickel electrodes

Spin polarized Density Functional Theory combined with Non-Equilibrium Green?s Function Formalism is applied to investigate the spin dependent transport in carbon based monatomic systems. Both one-dimensional linear and ring structures sandwiched between spin polarized nickel electrodes are examined. Incorporating of nickel electrodes and rings leads to interesting spin dependent properties. The influence of electrode structure is also addressed, using the Ni(100) pyramidal and plane electrodes. It is revealed that spin dependent behavior is largely determined by the atomic arrangement of the monatomic system, and that both the transport and magnetic properties can be tuned by odd–even disparity and/or appropriate ring(s). The mechanisms governing the spin dependent properties in these structures are discussed.     

冲击加载下Zr51Ti5Ni10Cu25Al9金属玻璃的塑性行为

进行了10—27 GPa应力范围内Zr₅₁Ti₅Ni₁₀Cu₂₅Al₉金属玻璃的平面冲击实验以研究其高压-高应变率加载下的塑性行为.由样品自由面粒子速度剖面的分析获得了冲击加载过程的轴向应力,并通过轴向应力与静水压线的比较获得剪应力.实验结果表明,尽管存在明显的松弛效应,但Zr基金属玻璃的Hugoniot弹性极限随着冲击应力的增加而增加.然而,塑性波阵面上的剪应力则显示先硬化而后软化现象,而且软化的幅度随冲击应力的增加而增加.冲击加载下Zr基金属玻璃的上述剪应力变化特征与分子动力学模拟结果比较一致,但与压剪实验结果和一维应力冲击实验结果明显不同.     

典型荷载条件下淤泥孔径分布特征核磁共振试验研究

模拟了淤泥地基加固工况对应的几种典型荷载效应,并利用核磁共振测试寻求典型荷载水平和速率下,淤泥孔隙及其孔径分布的变化规律,以探讨淤泥地基典型加固条件下微细观结构的三维响应.结果表明:在一定压力作用下,淤泥中最大孔隙数将会减少,应力水平越高,减少量越大,而当冲击荷载达到更高的某一水平时,淤泥中最大孔隙和最小孔隙所占比例均会减小,孔隙更趋于均匀;约束样品的侧限刚度将会增加淤泥土的总受力水平,进而更易减小大孔隙所占比例;当荷载水平680 kPa时,加载速率是决定相对最大孔隙占总孔隙数比例的关键因素,速率较小会使得该比例增大,速率较大则使得该比例减小,其界限值在0.8 MPa/s与1.6 MPa/s之间;一定的冲击荷载和速率水平下,随着作用次数即总能量的提高,淤泥中的相对大孔隙和最大孔隙部分会明显减少,而当间隔时间较短的作用次数再提高时,上述效应会降低;对于有效减少较大孔隙而言,淤泥受冲击的次数存在某个合适的量值.上述规律有助于从内部本质上寻求和掌握各种静动力排水固结法处理淤泥类软基的微观机理,为其科学设计及施工优化提供了进一步的依据.     

Modeling of the polarization behavior of elliptical surface-relief VCSELs

We undertake a theoretical study of the polarization behavior and mode structure of Vertical-Cavity Surface-Emitting Lasers (VCSELS) with an elliptical surface relief. The aim of the relief is twofold, first to enhance the single mode operation by introducing spatially distributed losses, and second, to enhance polarization stability by making these losses anisotropic. First, we use an analytical variational approach, for the two fundamental VCSEL modes within a Gaussian and weak guidance approximation. As a second approach we use a more refined numerical technique based on vectorial plane wave decomposition with periodic boundary conditions, which we formulate to include material anisotropy. Our studies show that whereas the polarization direction is governed by the orientation of the index ellipsoid, the selection of the lasing LP mode is mainly determined by the anisotropy in the mirror losses introduced by the elliptical surface relief.     

Analysing the structure of the optical path length of a supersonic mixing layer by using wavelet methods

The nano-particle-based planar laser scattering(NPLS) technique is used to measure the density distribution in the supersonic mixing layer of the convective Mach number 0.12,and the optical path difference(OPL),which is quite crucial for the study of aero-optics,is obtained by post processing.Based on the high spatiotemporal resolutions of the NPLS,the structure of the OPL is analysed using wavelet methods.The coherent structures of the OPL are extracted using three methods,including the methods of thresholding the coefficients of the orthogonal wavelet transform and the wavelet packet transform,and preserving a number of wavelet packet coefficients with the largest amplitudes determined by the entropy dimension.Their performances are compared,and the method using the wavelet packet is the best.Based on the viewpoint of multifractals,we study the OPL by the wavelet transform maxima method(WTMM),and the result indicates that its scaling behaviour is evident.     

Effect of nickel on the initial growth behavior of electroless Ni-Co-P alloy on silicon substrate

In this work the small amounts of NiSO₄ was added to a basic electroless plating bath of CoSO₄ with Na₂H₂PO₂ as reducing agent for the deposition of Co-Ni-P film on a silicon substrate. The initial growth behavior, containing plating rate, chemical composition, crystal structure, surface morphology and micro-structure, of the electroless plating film was characterized by scanning electron microscope (SEM) and transmission electron microscope (TEM). The results showed that the growth morphology variation of the Co-Ni-P films deposited in the basic CoSO₄ + small amounts of NiSO₄ bath is the same as that of Co-P film deposited in the basic CoSO₄ bath, the plating rate of the Co-Ni-P film is much more rapid than that of the Co-P film, the Ni/Co wt.% in the Co-Ni-P film is greatly larger than that in the plating bath, and the structure of as-deposited film is crystalline at first stage and later stage.     

由BaTiO3晶体结构相变时的介电特性研究其电场作用下的偶极子偏转路径

在不同频率和偏置电场下测量了BaTiO₃晶体从三方相到正交相再到四方相相变过程中的介电温谱.基于BaTiO₃晶体在电场作用下的偶极子偏转假设和介电特性实验结果,提出BaTiO₃各结构相在电场作用下的偶极子偏转路径可以由其相邻相的介电常数随温度的变化特性表现出来.推断出各结构相的偶极子偏转路径,以及偏置电场对偶极子偏转路径的影响. 关键词： 3晶体')" href="#">BaTiO₃晶体 介电特性 结构相变 偶极子偏转路径     

Dynamic magnetic behavior of the mixed-spin bilayer system in an oscillating field within the mean-field theory

The dynamic magnetic behavior of the mixed Ising bilayer system (σ=2$\sigma =2$ and S=5/2$S=5/2$), with a crystal-field interaction in an oscillating field are studied, within the mean-field approach, by using the Glauber-type stochastic dynamics for both ferromagnetic/ferromagnetic and antiferromagnetic/ferromagnetic interactions. The time variations of average magnetizations and the temperature dependence of the dynamic magnetizations are investigated. The dynamic phase diagrams are presented in the reduced temperature and magnetic field amplitude plane and they exhibit several ordered phases, coexistence phase regions and critical points as well as a re-entrant behavior depending on interaction parameters.     

Modeling and simulations of the behavior of glass particles in a rotating drum in heptane and water vapor atmospheres

We have performed noise measurements on suspended ropes of single wall carbon nanotubes (SWNT) between 1 and 300 K for different values of dc current through the ropes. We find that the shot noise is suppressed by more than a factor 100 compared to the full shot noise 2eI. We have also measured an individual SWNT and found a level of noise which is smaller than the minimum expected. Another finding is the very low level of 1/f noise, which is significantly lower than previous observations. We propose two possible interpretations for the strong shot noise reduction: i) Transport within a rope takes place through few nearly ballistic tubes within a rope and possibly involves non integer effective charges with e ^*∼ 0.3e. ii) A substantial fraction of the tubes conduct with a strong reduction of effective charge (by more than a factor 50). Received 25 January 2002 Published online 19 July 2002     

Oscillatory behavior and enhancement of the surface plasmon linewidth in embedded noble metal nanoparticles

We study the Landau damping of the surface plasmon resonance of metallic nanoparticles embedded in different environments of experimental relevance. Important oscillations of the plasmon linewidth as a function of the radius of the nanoparticles are obtained from numerical calculations based on the time dependent local density approximation. These size-oscillations are understood, within a semiclassical approximation, as a consequence of correlations in the spectral density of the nanoparticles. We treat inert matrices, as well as the case with an unoccupied conduction band. In the latter case, the plasmon lifetime is greatly reduced with respect to the inert case, but the non-monotonous size-dependence persists.     

Giant entropy change at the co-occurrence of structural and magnetic transitions in the Ni Mn Ga Heusler alloy

We have studied the isothermal entropy change around a first-order structural transformation and in correspondence to the second-order Curie transition in the ferromagnetic Heusler alloy Ni_2.15Mn_0.85Ga. The results have been compared with those obtained for the composition Ni_2.19Mn_0.81Ga, in which the martensitic structural transformation and the magnetic transition occur simultaneously. With a magnetic field span from 0 to 1.6 T, the magnetic entropy change reaches the value of 20 J/kg K when transitions are co-occurring, while 5 J/kg K is found when the only structural transition occurs. Received 27 September 2002 / Received in final form 17 February 2003 Published online 11 April 2003 RID="a" ID="a"e-mail: solzi@fis.unipr.it     

Dynamic magnetic behavior of the mixed spin （2, 5/2） Ising system with antiferromagnetic/antiferromagnetic interactions on a bilayer square lattice

Using the mean-field theory and Glauber-type stochastic dynamics, we study the dynamic magnetic properties of the mixed spin （2, 5/2） Ising system for the antiferromagnetic/antiferromagnetic （AFM/AFM） interactions on the bilayer square lattice under a time varying （sinusoidal） magnetic field. The time dependence of average magnetizations and the thermal variation of the dynamic magnetizations are examined to calculate the dynamic phase diagrams. The dynamic phase diagrams are presented in the reduced temperature and magnetic field amplitude plane and the effects of interlayer coupling interaction on the critical behavior of the system are investigated. We also investigate the influence of the frequency and find that the system displays richer dynamic critical behavior for higher values of frequency than that of the lower values of it. We perform a comparison with the ferromagnetic/ferromagnetic （FM/FM） and AFM/FM interactions in order to see the effects of AFM/AFM interaction and observe that the system displays richer and more interesting dynamic critical behaviors for the AFM/AFM interaction than those for the FM/FM and AFM/FM interactions.     

Effect of Co or Mn addition on the soft magnetic properties of amorphous Fe89−xZr11Bx (x=5, 10) alloy ribbons

The temperature and field dependent magnetic properties of melt-spun amorphous Fe_89−x−yZr₁₁B_x(Co,Mn)_y (x=5, 10 and 0≤y≤10) alloys in the temperature range 5-1200 K are reported. The Curie temperature and saturation magnetization at room temperature increase (decrease) almost linearly with Co (Mn) addition. With increasing Co concentration, the room temperature coercivity increases at the rate of 2.26 (0.28) A/m per at% for the x=5 (10) samples. The high-field magnetic susceptibility and local magnetic anisotropy decrease (increases) rapidly with increasing Co (Mn) concentration. The thermomagnetic curves show a marked increase in magnetization above 850 K corresponding to the crystallization of α-FeCo (α-Fe) phase in samples containing Co (Mn). The Curie temperature of the crystalline phase increases (remains same) with increasing Co (Mn) concentration with the formation of α-FeCo (α-Fe). Addition of Co up to 10 at% in Fe-Zr-B improves the room temperature saturation magnetization from 0.56 to 1.2 T, and Curie temperature from 315 to 476 K. Also, the coercivity increases with Co addition from 1.27 to 23.88 A/m for x=5 and from 7.64 to 10.35 A/m for x=10 alloy. The non-collinear spin structures that characterize Fe rich Fe-Zr-B amorphous alloys have been used to describe the observed results.     

Dynamic critical behavior of a Swendsen-Wang-Type algorithm for the Ashkin-Teller model

We study the dynamic critical behavior of a Swendsen-Wang-type algorithm for the Ashkin-Teller model. We find that the Li-Sokal bound on the autocorrelation time (_int. const xC _H ) holds along the self-dual curve of the symmetric Ashkin-Teller model, and is almost, but not quite sharp. The ratio _int./C _H appears to tend to infinity either as a logarithm or as a small power (0.05p0.12). In an appendix we discuss the problem of extracting estimates of the exponential autocorrelation time.     

Critical behavior of two-dimensional spin models and charge asymmetry in the Coulomb gas

Many two-dimensional spin models can be transformed into Coulomb-gas systems in which charges interact via logarithmic potentials. For some models, such as the eight-vertex model and the Ashkin-Teller model, the Coulomb-gas representation has added significantly to the insight in the phase transitions. For other models, notably theXY model and the clock models, the equivalence has been instrumental for almost our entire understanding of the critical behavior. Recently it was shown that theq-state Potts model and then-vector model are equivalent to a Coulomb gas with an asymmetry between positive and negative charges. Fieldlike operators in these spin models transform noninteger charges and magnetic monopoles. With the aid of exactly solved models the Coulombgas representation allows analytic calculation of some critical indices.     

Use of the chemical potential for a limited number of fermions with a degenerate groundstate

A full analysis of domain structure using a micromagnetic model is developed in order to get a clear insight into the behaviour of transverse initial susceptibility as a function of dc applied field for thin films and bilayers exhibiting both in-plane and perpendicular anisotropy. The numerical simulations are in good agreement with available experimental results in case of single layers with the so-called stripe domain pattern while some predictions are done for bilayers. As the main result, it is shown that in low field, the transverse initial susceptible cannot be interpreted without the knowledge of the static domain pattern while, above saturation, it is only affected by the in-plane anisotropy. Received 10 October 2002 Published online 4 February 2003 RID="a" ID="a"e-mail: ml@lpmtm.univ-paris13.fr RID="b" ID="b"UMR CNRS 8634