狭义相对论教学中的误区析疑

指出相对论教学中的一些常见误区,例如,光速不变的意义;哪一个钟慢了;哪一把尺缩短;如何理解孪生子佯谬;高速运动的物体是否变扁了;可以和光子火箭通信吗;光子可以作为参考系吗等等,并逐一进行析疑．     

孪生子佯谬

本文从一个新的角度来阐释孪生子佯谬的症结所在，详细分析了由于双胞胎兄弟所在参考系的不对称性导致的荒谬结论，并在两个惯性系下分别做了计算，最后的结论是相同的，并不存在矛盾，同时印证了所有的惯性系是平权的这一大前提!     

相对论的几何表述①

通俗地简介了微分几何的入门知识,对狭义相对论几何表述中的基本概念作了介绍.较详尽地用四维几何语言剖析了"尺缩"、"钟慢"和双子效应,对其中的某些误解作了澄清.还简介了广义相对论的入门知识,重点说明为什么引力是时空弯曲的表现.在澄清对等效原理的误解上也略费了笔墨.简介了狭义相对论和广义相对论的划界标准,明确指出双子佯谬纯属狭义相对论范畴.     

狭义相对论解决双生子佯谬之不可能

详细地阐明了狭义相对论解决双生子佯谬之不可能，对一种很有影响的狭义相对论解进行了深入细致的分析     

超光速存在吗？

本文通过实例说明自然界确实存在超光速现象，但这与狭义相对论并不矛盾。问题在于狭义相对论说的是“实物粒子的速度不可能大于真空中的光速”，它并没有排除存在超光速现象的可能性。     

狭义相对论中的与门佯谬

提出了一个所谓“与门佯谬”问题,并利用狭义相对论进行了详细的分析和计算,消除和此佯谬。     

相对论问答录之二

<正>问题一、相对论诞生前夜,物理界对相对性原理有什么争论?麦克斯韦电磁理论出现之后,一些人对相对性原理产生了怀疑。这是因为在电磁理论中,真空中的电磁波速度是一个常数c。当时已经认识到     

基于狭义相对论的同时性对长度收缩佯谬的认识

利用狭义相对论对同时性的理解,指出了关于一种长度收缩佯谬解释的不妥之处,并解释了改进后的关于长度收缩佯谬的提法,证明了在不同参照系上的观测者观测所得到的结论相同.     

相对论效应对GPS的影响

全球定位系统(GPS)对时钟的精度提出了很高的要求.由于GPS卫星的速度和高度,本文从狭义相对论和广义相对论两方面论述了无论是运动时钟变慢,还是引力场中高处时钟加快的效应都将对GPS系统时钟的精度产生不可忽视的影响.这是大学物理课程讲述相对论的一个极好的例子.     

双生子问题

采用爱因斯坦例子在狭义相对论范畴讨论双生子效应,然后利用直红运动常加速度内禀刚性加速系进一步严格讨论。     

THE ROLE OF ACCELERATION AND LOCALITY IN THE TWIN PARADOX

We study the role of acceleration in the twin paradox. From the coordinate transformation that relates an accelerated and an inertial observer we find that, from the point of view of the accelerated observer, the rate of the differential lapses of time depends not only on the relative velocity, but also on the product of the acceleration and the distance between the observers. However, this result does not have a direct operational interpretation because an observer at a certain position can measure only physical quantities that are defined at the same position. For local measurements, the asymmetry between the two observers can be attributed to the fact that noninertial coordinate systems, contrary to inertial coordinate systems, can be correctly interpreted only locally.     

双生子佯谬的投影诠释

在表示洛伦兹变换的复平面上,考察各边平行于坐标轴的直角三角形,以其中各边比例关系为“投影关系”,用于简明地诠释双生子佯谬的实质,并得出某种程度的一般性结论     

Gravitational Wave in Lorentz Violating Gravity

By making use of the weak gravitational field approximation, we obtain a linearized solution of the gravitational vacuum field equation in an anisotropic spacetime. The plane-wave solution and dispersion relation of gravitationaJ wave is presented explicitly. There is possibility that the speed of gravitational wave is larger than the speed of light and the easuality still holds. We show that the energy-momentum of gravitational wave in the ansiotropic spacetime is still well defined and conserved.     

An Analytical Treatment of the Clock Paradox in the Framework of the Special and General Theories of Relativity

No Heading In this paper we treat the so called clock paradox in an analytical way by assuming that a constant and uniform force F of finite magnitude acts continuously on the moving clock along the direction of its motion assumed to be rectilinear (in space). No inertial motion steps are considered. The rest clock is denoted as (1), the to and fro moving clock is (2), the inertial frame in which (1) is at rest in its origin and (2) is seen moving is I and, finally, the accelerated frame in which (2) is at rest in its origin and (1) moves forward and backward is A. We deal with the following questions: (1) What is the effect of the finite force acting on (2) on the proper time interval ⁽²⁾ measured by the two clocks when they reunite? Does a differential aging between the two clocks occur, as it happens when inertial motion and infinite values of the accelerating force is considered? The special theory of relativity is used in order to describe the hyperbolic (in spacetime) motion of (2) in the frame I. (II) Is this effect an absolute one, i.e., does the accelerated observer A comoving with (2) obtain the same results as that obtained by the observer in I, both qualitatively and quantitatively, as it is expected? We use the general theory of relativity in order to answer this question. It turns out that _I = _A for both the clocks, ⁽²⁾ does depend on g = F/m, and = ⁽²⁾/⁽¹⁾ = (1 – ²atanhj)/ < 1. In it ; = V/c and V is the velocity acquired by (2) when the force is inverted.     

Gravitational Wave in Lorentz Violating Gravity

By making use of the weak gravitational field approximation, we obtain a linearized solution of the gravitational vacuum field equation in an anisotropic spacetime. The plane-wave solution and dispersion relation of gravitational wave is presented explicitly. There is possibility that the speed of gravitational wave is larger than the speed of light and the casuality still holds. We show that the energy-momentum of gravitational wave in the ansiotropic spacetime is still well defined and conserved.     

双子佯谬与星际航行

计算了在两个假想的星际航行方案中,与"双子佯谬"相关的时间差别.这种差别体现了惯性与非惯性参考系经历的时间有绝对差异,而不再是"相对"效应.