Preparation and Application of a Nanocomposite (MPNS/SMA) in Leather Making

Environmental pollution is one of headache problems in leather tanning industry.Traditionally chrome tanning was the predominant technique used in leather making.However,chrome tanning is being substituted due to its pollution and scarcity of resource.The study of non-chrome tanning in leather shows more interests with the development of nanomaterial and nanotechnology.J.Z.Ma et al.have reported that organic–montmorillonite nanocomposite can raise the shrinkage temperature of pickled pigskin…     

Synthesis of alkali-soluble copolymer (butyl acrylate/acrylic acid) and its application in leather finishing agent

Alkali-soluble copolymer (butyl acrylate/acrylic acid) was synthesized via solution polymerization and used as the emulsifier to prepare acrylic resin for leather finishing agent. The influence of the synthetic conditions, such as the contents of acrylic acid and the initiator types on the properties of P(BA/AA) was investigated in detail. Fourier Transform Infrared Spectrometer (FTIR) indicated that the polymerization reaction of P(BA/AA) was complete without “CC” absorption peak. Differential Scanning Calorimeters (DSC) analysis confirmed that the glass transition temperature (T_g) of P(BA/AA) was −44 °C, Transmission Electron microscope (TEM) indicated that the copolymer latex particles dispersed evenly and were less than 100 nm. Moreover, in contrast to acrylic resin prepared with sodium dodecylsulfate (SDS) and alkylphenol ethoxylates (OP-10) as the emulsifiers, the applied properties of light leather finished by acrylic resin in use of P(BA/AA) as the emulsifier were measured: The air permeability increased by 18.5% as well as the water-resistance by 28.08% and the wet rub fastness by half class, respectively.     

新型阻燃性氨基树脂鞣剂的合成

现有的阻燃剂产品多数分解温度低,难溶于水,不易渗透皮革纤维。本文合成的季戊四醇二氢酯羟甲基化三聚氰胺树脂具有高效的阻燃作用,又具有三聚氰胺树脂鞣剂独特的鞣革作用。本文考察其合成工艺条件及其对产品性能的影响因素。     

改性三聚氰胺树脂鞣剂合成

本文采用一种全新的乙醇胺醚化－－助剂体系改性三聚氰胺树脂鞣剂，并通过研究单体，醚化剂，助剂用量，浓度，pH变化等工艺条件，获得了稳定性，水溶性良好的鞣剂产品。     

Matrix effect in second-order data: determination of dyes in a tanning process using vegetable tanning agents

The aim of this paper is to determine the concentration of three dyes throughout the tanning process of leather using vegetable tanning agents with a sequential injection analyser with second-order data treatment. As the vegetable tanning agents used are highly absorbent species, we focus on three aspects: (i) difficulties with the resolution (ii) the reduction in the working concentration range; and (iii) matrix effects. Ideally, second-order instruments provide “second-order advantage”; i.e. calibration is possible in the presence of uncalibrated interfering species. However, if the interfering species change the instrumental response of the analyte (in scale or shape), standard additions must be used to ensure the accuracy of the estimated analyte concentration. Here we study the presence of matrix effects for three dyes in several samples in order to significantly improve the accuracy of predictions in the presence of such effects. We found that there were matrix effects in at least 80% of the samples with an alpha risk of 5%. We used this method to study the exhaustion of dyes in the dyeing process.     

A new polymer/clay nano-composite hydrogel with improved response rate and tensile mechanical properties

A new type of stimuli-responsive organic/inorganic nano-composite hydrogel was prepared by introducing fibrillar attapulgite into poly(2-hydroxyethyl methacrylate-co-poly(ethylene glycol) methyl ether methacrylate-co-methacrylic acid) network, in which the nanosized attapulgite fibril worked as the cross-linker instead of conventional chemical cross-linker. In the preparation process, a prepolymerization route was adopted to effectively stabilize the dispersion of attapulgite. The structure and morphology of the nano-composite hydrogels were characterized by SEM, FTIR and DSC. The swelling/deswelling behaviors and tensile mechanical properties of the nano-composite hydrogels were compared with that of the corresponding chemically cross-linked hydrogel. The results showed that the nano-composite hydrogels had much greater equilibrium-swelling ratio, much faster response rate to pH and significantly improved tensile mechanical properties. As the content of AT increased, the tensile strength, effective cross-link chain density and glass transition temperature increased, while the equilibrium swelling ratio, deswelling rate and elongation at break decreased.     

Preparation and characterization of PAA/ GG-zeolite nano-composite hydrogel for agricultural applications

The worldwide water crisis has become adverse in recent times, affecting water usage in various fields, including industries, agriculture, and domestic. This research aims to produce a nano-composite hydrogel based on natural materials using zeolite and guar gum (Zeolite-GG). For the development of PAA/GG-Zeolite nano-composite hydrogel (PGZ nano-composite hydrogel), acrylic acid (AA) act as monomer, polyethylene glycol (PEG-600) act as a crosslinker and potassium persulfate (KPS) used as the initiator. The developed nano-composite material has been characterised using numerous tests such as, Fourier-Transform Infrared Spectroscopy (FTIR), Thermogravimetric Analysis (TGA), scanning electron microscope (SEM) and Energy Dispersive X-Ray (EDX). The size range from 30.76 to 62.01 nm is found in SEM analysis. The Transmission Electron Microscopy (TEM) analysis confirms that the material consists of a spherical shape with a size range of 56.40 nm–82.70 nm.Moreover, the EDX test confirms the existence of Potassium (60.20%), Carbon (20.03%), and Oxygen (19.76%) in the synthesized material. Furthermore, the presence of material functional groups and thermal stability was verified using FTIR and TGA, respectively. The swelling index of developed hydrogel is found to be 92.50 mL per gram. The synthesized PGZ Nano-composite hydrogel has enough potential to act as a nutrient carrier and soil conditioning agent in agriculture, especially in the arid and semi-arid regions, due to its higher Potassium (K) content and high water absorption capacity.     

制革废水中总铬的萃取光度法测定

研究了在含氯离子的酸性溶液中,用醋酸戊酯萃取二甲基吲哚二羰花青(DIDC)染料与Cr(Ⅵ)配合物,基于此,建立了一种测定Cr(Ⅵ)的新的光度法。结果表明在3 5mol/L～5 0mol/L的HCl介质中,醋酸戊酯对配合物的萃取率最高;最大吸收波长为640nm;摩尔吸光系数为3 6×105L·mol-1·cm-1,检出限为2 0×10-3mg/L,有色溶液的吸光度与Cr(Ⅵ)量在0 01mg/L～2 1mg/L范围内符合比尔定律,加标回收率为96 8%～104 5%(n=6),Cr(Ⅵ)∶Cl-∶DIDC的摩尔比为1∶1∶1。本法测定了制革废水中的总铬含量。     

Use of multivariate curve resolution for determination of chromium in tanning samples using sequential injection analysis

We report a method for determining total chromium in tanning samples using sequential injection analysis (SIA) with a diode-array spectrophotometric detector. With a suitable analytical sequence CrO₄^2– is converted to Cr₂O₇^2– inside the tubes of the SIA system, after total oxidation of chromium(III). A data matrix is obtained and analysed by several chemometric techniques based on multivariate analysis: principal components analysis, simple-to-use interactive self-modelling mixture analysis, and multivariate curve resolution-alternating least-squares. We studied several samples from different stages of a tanning process. Two of these samples were easily oxidized but the others needed more extreme conditions. The analytical sequence prepared, which was based on obtaining a pH gradient and used H₂SO₄ as reagent, is valid and independent of the level of oxidation needed for the sample. We established a calibration model and evaluated the figures of merit. In some samples we found interferents. With this method the amounts of chromium in each sample were quantified and the results were statistically similar to those obtained by use of the reference method, atomic absorption spectrometry.     

Preparation of acrylic resin/modified nano-SiO<Subscript>2</Subscript> via sol-gel method for leather finishing agent

Acrylic resin/nano-SiO₂ (AR/nano-SiO₂) composite was prepared by physical blends of acrylic resin (AR) and nano-SiO₂, which was synthesized via the sol-gel method of tetraethoxysilane (TEOS) catalyzed with alkali. The synthetic conditions, such as surfactant type, the content of nano-SiO₂ sol, stirring speed, mixed temperature and ultrasonic treatment, on nanocomposites’ property were studied in detail. DSC indicated the glass transition temperature of AR/nano-SiO₂ (Tg = −26.7°C) was a little higher than that of the acrylic resin (Tg= −29.6°C). Water uptake confirmed that the water resistance of AR/nano-SiO₂ was improved by 55.94% and the solvent resistance by 54.79% when compared with AR. The improved properties of leather finished by AR/nano-SiO₂ were shown, in contrast to AR treatment; water vapor permeability was increased by 9.15% and the finish adhesion by 10.35%.     

MPNS/PMA纳米复合材料的制备与性能

MPNS/PMA纳米复合材料的制备与性能;纳米SiO2;聚马来酸酐;复合材料     

Synthesis and characterization of polymer/clay nanocomposites by intercalated chain transfer agent

In situ synthesis of poly(methyl methacrylate) (PMMA) and polystyrene (PS) nanocomposites by free radical polymerization using intercalated chain transfer agent (I-CTA) in the layers of montmorillonite (MMT) clay is reported. MMT clay was ion-exchanged with diethyl octyl ammonium ethylmercaptan bromide, which acts both as suitable intercalant and as chain transfer agent. These modified clays were then dispersed in methyl methacrylate (MMA) or styrene (St) monomers in different loading degrees to carry out the in situ free radical polymerization. The intercalation ability of the chain transfer agent and exfoliated nanocomposite structure were evidenced by both X-ray diffraction spectroscopy (XRD) and transmission electron microscopy (TEM). Thermal properties and morphologies of the resultant nanocomposites were also studied.     

Synthesis and pharmacokinetic study of poly(ethylene oxide) triazole dendrimers decorated with aminosteroids as anticancer agent

The use of new aminosteroids has shown increased therapeutic efficiency on multiple cancer cell lines. Those molecules are, however, highly hydrophobic, leading to bad pharmacokinetic properties. Dendrimers are excellent candidates to improve PK, especially for absorption and distribution, since their structure can be designed to be water-soluble. We have the capacity to tailor the particle's size to allow high-loading capacity. In this article, we managed to enhance aqueous solubility of the aminosteroid AH-38 by grafting on three generations of poly(ethylene oxide) triazole dendrimers to reach high drug loading values (w/w %). In vitro and in vivo studies were conducted and showed interesting results, such as increased plasma concentration of the free aminosteroid with G1 and G2 nanocarriers over the AH-38 administrated as a free drug. © 2020 Wiley Periodicals, Inc. J. Polym. Sci. 2020 , 58, 654–661     

Sequential injection analysis with second-order treatment for the determination of dyes in the exhaustion process of tanning effluents

A sequential injection (SI)-DAD spectrophotometric method to control the exhaustion of dyes in a mixture of three dyes from a tanning industry process has been developed. It is based on an interdiffusion process of the sample and reagents which leads to a gradual fall in pH through the channel to the detector recording a data matrix. The aim of this paper is to develop a second-order calibration model that is unaffected by interferents by applying multivariate curve resolution with alternating least squares (MCR-ALS). We obtained a linear calibration in the 5-30 mg l⁻¹ range with a correlation coefficient of 0.999 for each dye with detection limits of 2.6, 3.9 and 2.1 mg l⁻¹ for Acid Red, Acid Brown and Acid Orange, respectively. The simultaneous determination of the three dyes from tanning samples showed a satisfactory precision for the three analytes. The method has been validated comparing the concentration of some spiked samples with the expected concentration using a t-paired test. When we used this method to study the exhaustion of dyes, we found that there were several stages in this process. These data may be the key to optimising the exhaustion process.     

ZnTPP/TiO_2纳米复合催化剂的合成及其光催化活性的测定

<正>TiO2是一种环保型多相半导体光催化剂,对一些毒性大、生物难降解的有机污染物,用TiO2光催化剂催化生成的强氧化剂,在常温、常压下可以彻底地将有机物氧化为H2 O、CO2等小分子[1-3]。目前,TiO2主要用于中低浓度废水处理、小空间空气净化、材料表面自清洁、重金属回收、固体废物处理等领域。与传统除污工艺相比,具有无毒、安全、稳定性好、催化活性高、见效快、能耗低、可重     

Synthesis of a new bifunctional chelating agent for samarium complexation

A novel bifunctional chelating agent for samarium complexation has been synthesised in eight steps. A novel synthetic approach involving the introduction of methanephosphonic functions has been developed. The complexing properties of this compound has also been confirmed by labelling with ¹⁵³Sm.     

水热法制备聚苯胺及其铁氧化物纳米复合材料

利用水热法与无模板自组装法相结合, 以三氯化铁为氧化剂、 掺杂剂和反应物, 制备了聚苯胺及其铁氧化物纳米复合材料. 结果表明, 通过改变三氯化铁的浓度可以调控产物的微观结构和组成. 当三氯化铁的浓度≤0.13 mol/L时, 产物组成为未掺杂的低聚苯胺与α-Fe₂O₃的复合纳米材料, 其微观结构为纳米颗粒组装成的椭球体和准立方体; 当三氯化铁的浓度≥0.20 mol/L时, 产物组成为掺杂态聚苯胺, 其微观结构为纳米片层结构组装成的微米级大丽花球; 并且产物的粒径随三氯化铁浓度的增大而增大. 利用扫描电子显微镜、 红外光谱、 紫外-可见光谱、 X光电子能谱及X射线衍射等手段对产物的微观结构和组成进行了表征, 并探讨了产物的形成机理.     

阳离子丙烯酸树脂乳液涂饰剂的合成研究

以丙烯酸二乙氨基乙酯及其它丙烯酸酯类、乙烯基类单体作为共聚单体,以过醋酸-双氧水为引发体系,采用核-壳乳液共聚方法,对阳离子丙烯酸树脂的合成进行了研究,结果表明;引发剂体系和乳化剂体系对乳液的性能、乳胶粒的形态结构、聚合物的性能以及工艺过程的平稳性至关重要。该项研究为阳离子丙烯酸系聚合物在制革业中的广泛应用奠定了基础。     

一次加料法合成有机硅复合乳液

采用一次加料法合成了含氢聚甲基硅氧烷／丙烯酸丁酯／羟甲丙烯酰胺复合乳液,探讨了ＰＨＭＳ,引发剂用量和反应温度对反应速率,聚合稳定性、乳液粒长和成膜性的影响,得到了该反应的表观活化能Ｅａ＝１３２．７７Ｋｊ／ｍｏｌ及Ｒｐ∝「ＰＨＭＳ」＾１．３９「ＡＰＳ」＾０．８３,所得乳液具有优良的性能。