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1.
制备了V取代的磷钼酸H3+xPMo12-xVxO40x=0,1,2)及1-丁基-3-甲基咪唑溴盐离子液体([C4mim]Br),并采用离子交换的方法制备了系列杂化材料([C4mim]3+xPMo12-xVxO40,x=0,1,2);采用X射线衍射(XRD)、傅里叶变换红外光谱(FT-IR)、紫外-可见漫反射光谱(UV-Vis DRS)对所制备样品进行了表征;以H2O2为氧化剂,考察了所得样品催化苯羟基化制苯酚的活性。结果表明,和相应的离子液体及杂多酸相比,杂化材料的催化活性得到了很大的提高,尤其是催化剂[C4mim]5PMo10V2O40,在优化后的条件下,苯的转化率可达到21%,苯酚的选择性在99%以上。而且,该催化剂具有很好的可重复使用性,连续使用五次后,苯的转化率和苯酚的选择性没有明显降低。  相似文献   

2.
主要考察了辛基(苯基)-N, N-二异丁基胺甲酰基甲基氧化膦(CMPO)在1-乙基-3-甲基咪唑双三氟甲基磺酰胺酸盐([C2mim][NTf2])中的γ辐解行为,同时考察辐射对CMPO/[C2mim][NTf2]萃取能力的影响。通过超高效液相色谱-四极杆飞行时间质谱联用仪(UPLC/Q-TOF-MS)进行定量分析、辐解产物认定以及产物半定量分析。CMPO/正十二烷作为对比条件进行了相同研究。结果表明:CMPO在[C2mim][NTf2]中的辐解率低于其在正十二烷中,并且辐解路径不同。在正十二烷体系中,CMPO主要发生C―P、C―N键的断链,而在离子液体体系中CMPO主要发生异丁基脱除反应,并与[C2mim]、·CF3等离子液体产生的自由基发生取代反应。综合辐解研究结果,我们提出CMPO/[C2mim][NTf2]的辐解路径,这加深了CMPO在离子液体中辐解机理的认识。最后,通过萃取实验发现,当硝酸浓度为0.01 mol·L-1,辐照剂量为800 kGy时,CMPO/[C2mim][NTf2]对Eu3+的萃取率依旧达到99%以上。  相似文献   

3.
选取四种不同种类离子液体(ILs),1-丁基-3-甲基咪唑溴化物([Bmim]Br)、1-丁基-3-甲基咪唑四氟硼酸盐([Bmim]BF_4)、1-丁基-3-甲基咪唑硫酸氢盐([Bmim]HSO_4)、1-丁基-3-甲基咪唑磷酸二氢盐([Bmim]H_2PO_4)与30%H_2O_2溶液在温和条件下对两种高硫脱灰煤样(LS、QX)进行脱硫实验研究。用化学法测定脱硫前后煤样形态硫含量,并利用傅里叶变换红外光谱(FT-IR)、X射线光电子能谱(XPS)、扫描电子显微镜(SEM)及热重(TG)对脱硫前后的煤样进行表征。结果表明,离子液体的加入使H_2O_2氧化脱硫能力增强,煤中硫铁矿硫和有机硫化物硫被显著脱除;经ILs/H_2O_2体系作用后的煤样中小粒径的颗粒减少,颗粒间的缝隙增大,煤表面的凹坑明显,热重实验结果表明,ILs/H_2O_2体系作用后的煤样相对于原煤热失重增大,部分挥发性物质释放峰温提前。  相似文献   

4.
通过两步法合成了1,3-二甲基咪唑乙酸盐([C1mim][CH3COO])和1,3-二甲基咪唑羟基乙酸盐([C1mim][HOCH2COO])两种羧酸根阴离子型功能化离子液体。 研究了纤维素在这两种离子液体中的溶解性能。 结果表明,阴离子的结构对纤维素的溶解性能有明显影响,在120 ℃下,两种离子液体对纤维素的溶解度分别为19.7%和21.2%。 通过傅里叶变换红外光谱(FT-IR)、X射线衍射(XRD)以及热重分析(TG)等技术手段对再生纤维素的结构和热稳定性进行表征,表明两种离子液体均为纤维素的直接溶剂,纤维素在溶解及再生过程中晶体结构由I型转变为无定型结构,且热稳定性有所下降。 此外,研究发现溶解温度的提高和溶解时间的延长均会导致再生纤维素聚合度的降低。 所获得的研究结果为纤维素溶剂体系的开发具有指导意义。  相似文献   

5.
分别以溴代甲基咪唑反应型离子液体[C4mim]Br、[C8mim]Br和[C12mim]Br作为溴源和软模板,通过乙二醇溶剂热处理,获得了3种不同形貌结构的溴化氧铋(BiOBr)微粉。 X射线衍射(XRD)、扫描电子显微镜(SEM)和比表面积测定的表征结果证实,产物均属四方晶系,纯度较高,且随着离子液体中阳离子取代基上碳原子数(Cn)的增多,BiOBr晶体沿着(110)晶面择优生长;微米级的BiOBr产物颗粒均是由纳米尺度的花瓣状薄片相互簇集、自组装而形成,呈球心放射状,粒径和表面孔隙均随Cn的增加而减小,但比表面积随之而增大。 可见光降解苯胺的结果表明,3种BiOBr催化剂的催化活性不同,反应280 min时,降解率依次为54.13%、78.67%和95.06%;光生空穴是光降解过程的主要活性物质,羟基自由基所起的作用较小。  相似文献   

6.
郭一江  陈庆德  沈兴海 《应用化学》2019,36(10):1186-1193
合成了新型离子液体1-烷基-3-甲基咪唑苯甲酰基三氟硼酸盐[Cnmim][BTB](n=4,6,8),并通过NMR、差热、热重等方法研究了其基础物化性质。 结果发现,3种离子液体的分解温度在200 ℃左右;随着阳离子碳链的增长,离子液体的粘度、熔点逐渐升高,并从亲水性变为疏水性。 尤其是疏水性的[C6mim][BTB]和[C8mim][BTB]在与水长时间的混合中表现出较好的稳定性,基本解决了四氟硼酸盐离子液体亲水性强、$BF^{-}_{4}$易水解的缺点,有望用于乏燃料后处理并提高临界安全。  相似文献   

7.
The structures of ionic liquids (ILs) based on 1-alkyl-3-methylimidazolium chloride [Cnmim]Cl (n = 2, 4, 6), (1-ethyl-3-methylimidazolium chloride [C2mim]Cl, 1-butyl-3-methylimidazolium chloride [C4mim]Cl, and 1-hexyl-3-methylimidazolium chloride [C6mim]Cl) were elucidated by 1H NMR and 13C NMR experiments. The vaporization characteristics of these ILs were studied by thermogravimetric analysis. Dynamic and isothermal thermogravimetric experiments were conducted in this study. The purpose of the dynamic experiments was to determine the initial decomposition temperature of the experimental sample and the temperature range for the isothermal thermogravimetric experiments. The purpose of the isothermal experiments was to record the mass dependence of the sample on time in the experimental temperature range. The Langmuir equation and Clausius-Clapeyron equation were used to fit the experimental data and obtain the vaporization enthalpies of these ILs at the average temperature within the experimental temperature range. However, in order to expand the applicability of the estimated values and to compare them with the literature data, the vaporization enthalpy ΔHvap(Tav) measured at the average temperature was converted into vaporization enthalpy ΔHvap(298) at ambient temperature. The difference between the heat capacities of the ILs in the gaseous and liquid states at constant pressure, ΔlgCpmө proposed by Verevkin, was used in this conversion process. The experimental data for substance density and surface tension at other temperatures were obtained by referring to the literature. In addition, the data for density and surface tension at T = 298.15 K were obtained by applying the extrapolation method to the literature values for other temperatures. The vaporization enthalpy of the 1-octyl-3-methylimidazolium chloride IL [C8mim]Cl was estimated by using the new vaporization model we had proposed in our previous work and compared with the reference value. The estimated value for [C8mim]Cl was on the same order of magnitude as the reference value. We compared the vaporization enthalpies in the present study with those for the carboxylic acid imidazolium and amino acid imidazolium ILs ([Cnmim]Pro (n = 2-6) and [Cnmim]Thr (n = 2-6), respectively in our previous work. The results revealed that a change in the anion type affects the vaporization enthalpy of the ILs in the order amino acid imidazolium > carboxylic acid imidazolium > halogen imidazolium, when the cation is the same. Considering the structural differences between the three kinds of ILs, the abovementioned order may be related to the intermolecular hydrogen bonds. There were no intermolecular hydrogen bonds in the [Cnmim]Cl (n = 2, 4, 6) ILs studied here. Therefore, the vaporization enthalpy of [Cnmim]Cl (n = 2, 4, 6) was the lowest among the three kinds of ILs considered.  相似文献   

8.
用中和法合成了氨基酸离子液体1-乙基-3-甲基咪唑丙氨酸([C2mim][Ala]),并利用恒温环境的溶解反应热量计,在(288.15±0.01) K-(308.15±0.01) K温度范围内每隔5 K,测定不同质量摩尔浓度离子液体在水中的溶解焓(ΔsolHmθ).根据Archer的方法,通过线性拟合得到了该离子液体的标准摩尔溶解焓(Δsol),并计算了其相对表观摩尔溶解焓(ΦL).在298.15 K下,根据Glasser经验方法得到了格子能UPOT = 566 kJ·mol-1,并计算了其阴阳离子水化焓值(ΔH+ + ΔH-) = -620 kJ·mol-1及阴离子水化焓ΔH-([Ala]-) = -387 kJ·mol-1.此外,估算了[C2mim][Ala]水溶液的热容(Cp(sol))和表观摩尔热容(ΦCp).  相似文献   

9.
丙氨酸离子液体[C4mim][Ala]的热化学性质   总被引:2,自引:1,他引:1  
在298.15 K下利用恒温环境溶解热量计测定了一系列含有已知微量水的1-丁基-3-甲基咪唑丙氨酸盐([C4mim][Ala])离子液体(IL)不同浓度样品的摩尔溶解焓. 借助Debye-Hückel极限项, 用外推法确定了不同含水量的[C4mim][Ala]样品的标准摩尔溶解焓[ΔsHm0(wc)]. 随着样品中水含量的增加, ΔsHm0(wc)的绝对值下降, 将ΔsHm0(wc)对含水量作图得到很好的直线, 其截距ΔsHm0(pure IL)=-60.74 kJ/mol, 可看作是不含水的[C4mim][Ala]标准摩尔溶解焓的估算值. 利用精密氧弹热量计测定了[C4mim][Ala]的燃烧热, 计算得到其标准摩尔生成焓ΔfHm0=(-675±11) kJ/mol.  相似文献   

10.
分子模拟研究气体在室温离子液体中的溶解度   总被引:2,自引:0,他引:2  
在作者先前建立的分子力场基础上, 采用Widom粒子插入法预测了CO2、N2、O2、Ar及CH4等5种气体在多种咪唑类离子液体中的溶解度, 包括2种侧链长度的阳离子和3种阴离子. 首先考察了256个离子对组成的体系中溶质分子插入次数对计算结果的影响, 在此基础上计算了不同温度下气体在1-丁基-3-甲基咪唑的四氟化硼盐([bmim][BF4])和六氟化磷盐([bmim][PF6])中的溶解度. 计算结果正确反映了CO2气体溶解度的变化趋势, 在[bmim][BF4]中溶解度的模拟结果与实验值符合很好, 且明显优于Pádua等的模拟结果;在[bmim][PF6]中的溶解度较实验值偏高, 精度与文献模拟结果相当;并预测了较高温度下CO2气体在[bmim][BF4]和[bmim][PF6]中的溶解度. 计算结果也正确地反映了5种气体在[bmim][PF6]中溶解度实验值的相对大小. 另外考察了常温下几种气体在不同室温离子液体中的溶解度, 模拟结果表明气体在含有较长碳链和双-三氟甲基磺酰胺阴离子(Tf2N)的离子液体中溶解度较大.  相似文献   

11.
We reported a molecular dynamics simulation study of a mixture of 1-octyl-3-methylimidazolium hexa-fluoroborate([C8MIN]+[PF6]-), an ionic liquid, and pristine graphene. Our simulations were performed under various conditions, including several temperatures and distances between graphene plates. By studying the liquid structure of the ionic-liquid graphene mixture, we found that the transition for the ionic liquids entering the middle of two graphene plates should occur within 1.00 and 1.50 nm in the temperature range studied(300-600 K). We also studied the pair correlations between the graphene plates and the head and tail of the cation and the anion. Our study at the molecular level can aid in understanding the detailed molecular structure of the mixture.  相似文献   

12.
1-己基-3-甲基咪唑四氯化铁盐固化环氧树脂E-51的反应特性   总被引:1,自引:1,他引:0  
采用差示扫描(DSC)量热分析法研究了1-己基-3-甲基咪唑四氯化铁离子液体([C6mim]FeCl4)与双酚A型环氧树脂E-51的固化反应。结果显示,由于[C6mim]FeCl4包含多级胺基结构,因此可以作为E-51的高温固化剂使用,其与E-51的反应包含两个阶段:第一个阶段的反应放热峰峰顶温度约在120 ℃,第二个阶段的反应放热峰峰顶温度会随着[C6mim]FeCl4用量的增加而发生变化。当[C6mim]FeCl4与混合胺复配成新型固化剂时,二者产生明显的协同效应。通过恒温DSC实验发现,复配体系与E-51的固化反应可以在室温下发生,表现为在30 ℃固化反应放热峰峰顶放热时间为5 min左右,且随着恒温固化反应温度的提高,峰顶放热峰时间会缩短。非等温动力学结果显示:复配体系与E-51的反应活化能为979 J/mol,仅是混合胺体系的17%左右。反应级数为0.5表明这一固化反应是无规反应。  相似文献   

13.
用中和法合成了氨基酸离子液体(AAIL)1-己基-3-甲基苏氨酸盐[C6mim][Thr],并用核磁共振氢谱(1H NMR)和核磁共振碳谱(13C NMR)进行了表征。以苯甲酸为参考物质,用恒温热重法确定了AAIL[C6mim][Thr]的蒸汽压和在平均温度下(Tav= 438.15 K)的蒸发焓(ΔglHm? (Tav) =128.5 ± 6.0 kJ·mol-1)。利用Verevkin等人提出的方法计算得到AAIL[C6mim][Thr]气态和液态的恒压热容差(ΔglCpm? = -70.8 J·K-1·mol-1),进而计算了不同温度的蒸发焓,其中参考温度(298.15 K)下的蒸发焓ΔglHm? (298.15 K) = 138.4 kJ·mol-1,只比应用我们提出的蒸发焓理论模型估算值大1.6 kJ·mol-1,小于恒温热重法的实验误差3.0 kJ·mol-1,说明这个蒸发焓的理论模型有一定的合理性。借助Clausius-Clapeyron方程估算了AAIL[C6mim][Thr]的假想的正常沸点Tb= 522.07 K,以及沸点的蒸发熵ΔglSm? (Tb) = 228.5 J·K-1·mol-1,进一步得到了不同温度的蒸发熵和蒸发自由能ΔglGm? (T),其结果表明蒸发自由能随着温度的上升而减小,达到沸点温度Tb时变为零,而蒸发熵则随着温度上升而增大,是AAIL[C6mim][Thr]蒸发过程的驱动力。  相似文献   

14.
Yimin Hu  Jie Han  Rong Guo 《物理化学学报》2020,36(10):1909049-0
Wormlike micelles and low-molecular-weight hydrogels are composed of three-dimensional networks that endow them with viscoelasticity, but their viscoelastic properties are markedly different. The viscosity of wormlike micelles is attributed to a transient network, while that of gels is due to a stable network. Under certain conditions, wormlike micelles can undergo transition to gels with an increase in the density of the network. In our previous study, we found that the wormlike micelle formed by the ionic liquid-type surfactant 1-hexadecyl-3-octyl imidazolium bromide ([C16imC8]Br) without any additive has high viscoelasticity. The inclusion of a nonionic surfactant polyoxyethylene lauryl ether (Brij 30) is expected to enhance the viscoelasticity of [C16imC8]Br wormlike micelles via electrostatic shielding and strong hydrophobic interactions, which may be the driving factor for the wormlike micelle-to-gel structural transition. The morphology and viscoelasticity of [C16imC8]Br wormlike micelles with Brij 30 were studied as a function of concentration by rheological measurements and freeze-fracture transmission electron microscopy. The thermal stability and gel-sol transition temperature of the Brij 30/[C16imC8]Br gels were studied using rheology. The interaction between Brij 30 and [C16imC8]Br was studied by zeta potential measurements and nuclear magnetic resonance (NMR) spectroscopy. Upon the inclusion of Brij 30 into the [C16imC8]Br wormlike micelles, the viscoelasticity of the Brij 30/[C16imC8]Br samples first increased and then decreased with an increase in the Brij 30 concentration, at different initial concentrations of [C16imC8]Br. At a certain Brij 30 concentration, the Brij 30/[C16imC8]Br samples rheologically behaved as a gel. The maximum viscoelasticity of the [C16imC8]Br (4.06% (w))/Brij 30 gel was observed at a Brij 30/[C16imC8]Br molar ratio of 4.55. The viscoelasticity of the Brij 30/[C16imC8]Br gels was positively correlated with the activation energy of the gels. The gel-sol transition temperature of the Brij 30/[C16imC8]Br gels also increased first and then decreased with an increase in the Brij 30 concentration. The highest gel-sol transition temperature of the Brij 30/[C16imC8]Br (4.06% (w)) gel was observed at a Brij 30/[C16imC8]Br molar ratio of 2.93. The Brij 30 concentration had a notable impact on the viscoelasticity, thermal stability, and gel-sol transition temperature of the Brij 30/[C16imC8]Br gels. The zeta potential and 1H NMR measurements revealed that the neutral Brij 30 molecules are inserted into the palisade layer of the [C16imC8]Br wormlike micelles via hydrophobic interactions. This decreased the electrostatic repulsion between the [C16imC8]Br headgroups, which in turn induced the rapid growth of wormlike micelles and the formation of a stiffer network structure. Finally, the wormlike micelles underwent a structural transition to gels. The obtained results would aid in better understanding the relationship between wormlike micelles and gels, and may be of potential value for industrial and technological applications.  相似文献   

15.
A ruthenium based catalytic system([Ru(p-cymene)Cl2]2/XantPhos with substoichiometric Cs2CO3)has been established to effectively achieve the first direct amination cyclization of 1,2,4-butanetriol with primary aromatic amines.The product of this sustainable hydrogen autotransfer process is valuable Naryl-3-pyrrolidinol.  相似文献   

16.
化石资源的过度消耗及因此产生的环境问题驱动了生物质资源各组分转化为燃料、化学品及材料的研究发展.木质素是自然界最丰富的可再生芳香碳氢资源,也是生物质中最难以实现高值化利用的组分.将木质素催化降解生成苯酚类单体化合物是其高值化利用的关键,因此开发新型催化体系对于提高当前生物精炼产业经济效益具有重要意义.本文利用钌碳耦合碱...  相似文献   

17.
The glycolysis of poly(ethylene terephthalate) (PET) was studied using several ionic liquids and basic ionic liquids as catalysts. The basic ionic liquid, 1-butyl-3-methylimidazolium hydroxyl ([Bmim]OH), exhibits higher catalytic activity for the glycolysis of PET, compared with 1-butyl-3-methylimidazolium bicarbonate ([Bmim]HCO3), 1-butyl-3-methylimidazolium chloride ([Bmim]Cl) and 1-butyl-3-methylimidazolium bromide ([Bmim]Br). FT-IR, 1H NMR and DSC were used to confirm the main product of glycolysis was bis(2-hydroxyethyl) terephthalate (BHET) monomer. The influences of experimental parameters, such as the amount of catalyst, glycolysis time, reaction temperature, and dosages of ethylene glycol on the conversion of PET, yield of BHET were investigated. The results showed a strong influence of the mixture evolution of temperature and reaction time on depolymerization of PET. Under the optimum conditions of m(PET):m(EG): 1:10, dosage of [Bmim]OH at 0.1 g (5 wt%), reaction temperature 190 °C and time 2 h, the conversion of PET and the yield of BHET were 100% and 71.2% respectively. Balance between the polymerization of BHET and depolymerization of PET could be changed when the reaction time was more than 2 h and contents of catalyst and EG were changed.  相似文献   

18.
The hydrophobic ionic liquid (IL) 1-propyl-3-methylimidazolium bis[(trifluoromethyl)sulfonyl]imide ([C3mim][NTf2]) was synthesized according to traditional methods. By adding different amounts of diethyl carbonate (DEC) solvent and lithium bis[(trifluoromethyl)sulfonyl]imide ([Li][NTf2]) salt to [C3mim][NTf2] IL, eight solution systems were prepared. First, the thermodynamic properties of the eight solution systems were characterized by differential scanning calorimetry (DSC). The semi-stable temperature of the system gradually disappeared with increasing lithium salt content, but the melting point temperature was not apparent in the experiment. These results indicate that DEC and lithium salts can dissolve in ILs within the tested temperature range. The basic properties of the eight systems, including thermodynamic and dynamic properties, were systematically studied at different temperatures. The variation in the self-diffusion coefficient of lithium ion ([Li]+) as a function of DEC concentration, density changes, viscosity, conductivity, and the viscosity/conductivity activation energy of the eight systems was calculated by the Vogel Fulcher Taman (VFT), Final Vogel Fulcher Taman (FVFT), and Arrhenius equations. The effect of temperature on the properties of the system was studied in detail. Within the temperature range measured herein, the deviation between the fitting equation and experimental value was small. Consequently, these equations were successfully used to calculate the properties of the system at various temperatures. All fitting parameters of the corresponding equations are provided herein. The viscosity for all systems decreased rapidly with increasing temperature, which increased the conductivity. Based on these experiments, the influence of DEC on the system microstructure was discussed in the context of the molecular dynamics simulation results. In particular, the interaction between [Li]+ and [NTf2]-/DEC was examined. In all solution systems, [NTf2]- coordinates to [Li]+ through only the O atom and not the N atom. Radial distribution function (RDF) analysis showed that the interaction between [Li]+ and [NTf2]- weakened with increasing DEC concentration. DEC molecules were observed in the first solvation layer of [Li]+ coordinating to [Li]+ through the carbonyl O atom. Although the interaction between [Li]+ and DEC was weakened, competition between [NTf2]- and DEC in the first solvation layer of [Li]+ was observed by the coordination number analysis of the O atom around [Li]+. Therefore, the introduction of DEC is beneficial for Li+ diffusion, which is consistent with the experimental results.  相似文献   

19.
以Al2O3、SiO2和活性炭为载体,采用浸渍法制备了负载型离子液体([NH2p-mim]X:X= Br-,PF6-,BF4-,NTf2-)CO2吸附剂,利用红外光谱(FT-IR)、元素分析(EA)、热重差热分析(TG-DTA)等技术对负载型离子  相似文献   

20.
Micellization behavior of the twin-tailed surfactants can be modulated by the addition of various modifiers. Ionic liquids (ILs) are one of them and are documented here. The beauty of these environmentally benign neoteric molecules lies in their structural versatility. Here, we have investigated the effect of three ILs: 1-butyl-3-methylimidazolium bromide ([C4mim][Br]), 1-hexyl-3-methylimidazolium bromide ([C6mim][Br]), and 1-octyl-3-methylimidazolium bromide ([C8mim][Br]) on the aggregation and surface adsorption behavior of cationic gemini surfactant, bis(hexadecyldimethyl ammonium)propane dibromide (16-3-16) through experimentally measured electrical conductivities, surface tensions, and by spectral methods (UV-vis absorbance and fluorescence measurements). The main focus of the study is to observe the effect of added ILs on the critical micelle concentration (cmc), various surface parameters, aggregation number, and size of the aggregates of gemini surfactant. The results show that the more hydrophobic ILs, that is, [C6mim][Br] and [C8mim][Br] behave as electrolyte at lower concentration and cosurfactant at higher concentration, whereas moderately hydrophobic IL [C4mim][Br] acts as an electrolyte at all concentration ranges studied. The modulating effects of ILs were also compared with conventional electrolyte (NaBr) at similar conditions.  相似文献   

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