Universal Pseudo-PT-Antisymmetry on One-Dimensional Atomic Optical Lattices

We present the interesting result that under sinusoidal field detuning setting along the propagation direction of 1D atomic lattices, the probe susceptibility response of the lattices, regardless of atomic configuration, uniformly demonstrates pseudo-PT-antisymmetry, which by our definition corresponds to n(z)=-n*(-z), the complex refractive index antisymmetry along propagation axis, and when being cast back to quantum mechanical side, corresponds to V (x, t)=-V*(x,-t), the conjugate time-reversal antisymmetry of complex potential. We define this as the pseudoPT-antisymmetry, and prove the reason for this phenomenon to be the quantum-mechanical nature described by master equation under weak field approximation for any configuration of 1D atomic lattices. This work will help to deepen the understanding of origin of optical response features of atomic lattices, and will certainly open up the gate to a more rigorous, durable and flexible method of atomic optical lattice design.     

Electromagnetically induced moiré optical lattices in a coherent atomic gas

Electromagnetically induced optical (or photonic) lattices via atomic coherence in atomic ensembles have recently received great theoretical and experimental interest. We here conceive a way to generate electromagnetically induced moiré optical lattices — a twisted periodic pattern when two identical periodic patterns (lattices) are overlapped in a twisted angle (θ) — in a three-level coherent atomic gas working under electromagnetically induced transparency. We show that, changing the twisted angle and relative strength between the two constitutive sublattices, the moiré Bloch bands that are extremely flattened can always appear, resembling the typical flat-band and moiré physics found in other contexts. Dynamics of light propagation in the induced periodic structures demonstrating the unique linear localization and delocalization properties are also revealed. Our scheme can be implemented in a Rubidium atomic medium, where the predicted moiré optical lattices and flattened bands are naturally observable.     

薄膜硅/晶体硅异质结电池中本征硅薄膜钝化层的性质及光发射谱研究

本文采用甚高频等离子体化学气相沉积技术 (VHF-PECVD) 制备薄膜硅/晶体硅异质结电池中的本征硅薄膜钝化层, 光发射谱 (OES) 测量技术研究了硅薄膜沉积过程中等离子体发光谱随时间的变化. 结果表明: 在实验优化条件下等离子体发光谱很快达到稳定 (大约25 s), 并且SiH^*/H_α^* 的比值随时间变化较小, 避免了生长过程中硅薄膜结构的不均匀性, 这主要是SiH₄没有完全耗尽避免了SiH₄的反向扩散. 进一步研究了沉积参数对稳态发光谱和硅薄膜性质的影响, 结果表明: 随着硅烷浓度增加, H_α^*峰强度减小, SiH^*峰强度增加, 薄膜从微晶转变成非晶, 非晶硅薄膜钝化效果好; 随着沉积气压增大, H_α^*和 SiH^*峰强度先增加后减小, 高气压下H_α^*和 SiH^*峰强度下降主要是反应前驱物的聚合形成高聚合物, 不利于形成高质量的硅薄膜, 因此钝化效果下降; 随着反应功率密度增加, H_α^*和 SiH^*峰强度增大, 当功率密度为150 mW/cm² 趋于饱和, 硅薄膜的致密度和钝化效果也开始下降, 50 mW/cm²的低功率密度下硅薄膜钝化效果差可能是由于原子H 浓度低, 不能完全钝化单晶硅表面的悬挂键. 关键词： 薄膜硅 异质结 光发射谱 钝化     

(CrO4)络离子中Cr-O距离的研究

通过MS-X_α方法的计算详细地讨论当Cr—O距离变化时(CrO₄)络离子的电子结构和能级分布。给出铬离子三种不同价态(Cr²⁺,Cr³⁺,Cr⁴⁺)的单电子轨道能量、电荷分布、基态电子组态、低激发态的光学跃迁,以及能级示意图。当配位体与中心离子的距离R≤2?时,用晶场理论得出的结果不能令人满意。这时必须考虑配位体与中心离子距离的影响,以及中心离子(对于过渡族金属离子而言)的4s或4p原子轨道的作用。 关键词：     

Shaping NRZ pulses and suppression of the inter-symbol interference by a second-harmonic-generating module

A device that shapes fiber-optic pulses by passing them through a χ⁽²⁾ optical crystal is considered. The length of the propagation in the χ⁽²⁾ medium is selected so that the fundamental-harmonic (FH) transmission coefficient attains its maximum, which corresponds to a complete χ⁽²⁾ cascade, for the power equal to the peak power of the input pulse, whose carrier frequency coincides with the FH frequency in the χ⁽²⁾ process. Portions of the pulse which have smaller values of the power are attenuated, as the cascading is incomplete in them. An estimate, based on relevant values of the peak power for non-return-to-zero (NRZ) signals, shows that the necessary length of the propagation in the χ⁽²⁾ medium is 100 times larger than the size of available χ⁽²⁾ crystals. To resolve the problem, a multi-pass configuration with mirrors is proposed. A modification of the scheme, which makes it possible to shape pulses in a multi-channel wavelength-division-multiplexed (WDM) system, without inducing crosstalk in the χ⁽²⁾ crystal, is also proposed. Simulations demonstrate that the shaper, combined with a linear amplifier, provides for stable propagation of pulses in a linear dispersive fiber link. The most essential result is obtained for pairs of pulses: it is found that they co-propagate without developing an appreciable inter-symbol interference (ISI), provided that the initial separation between them exceeds a certain threshold value, which is found as a function of an effective mismatch q of the χ⁽²⁾ unit. The function has two minima, at q>0 and q<0, suggesting a choice of an optimum operation regime.     

环形光子晶体光纤中涡旋光的传输特性研究

由于涡旋光具有轨道角动量,将它应用于光纤通信领域可以有效提高信息传输速率.设计了一种环形光子晶体光纤,利用COMSOL Multiphysics软件对其涡旋光TE01,HE±21和TM01模式特性进行模拟计算,它们之间有效折射率差分别为4.59×10~(-4)和3.62×10~(-4);其中,TE01模式的涡旋光在入射光波长范围为1650—1950 nm时,色散值在44.18—45.83 ps·nm~(-1)·km~(-1)之间平坦;入射光波长在1550 nm时,TE01模式的涡旋光的非线性系数为1.37 W~(-1)·km~(-1).该结构的光子晶体光纤的涡旋光具有损耗小、色散平坦等特性,对光纤中传输涡旋光、将涡旋光应用于超连续谱等方面的研究具有重要意义.     

对非线性量子场论与激光理论中的微扰谐振梯度算子方法的改进

当微优按Hermite多项式H_k的收敛级数作如下展开时,V(X)=b²X²+Σ_k C_kH_k(b^1/2X), 则可将其微扰梯度算子方法应用于微扰谐振子波动方程的求解中.发现若将Hermite多项式基与二项式系数函数依量子数一起使用,则可大大简化微扰梯度与因子分解函数.因此,在不增加其复杂性的情况下,便可求得任意级微扰的本征值与本征函数的分析表示式.通过计算,本文给出了X的偶性微扰势函数V(X),为了说明如何应用改进后的微扰梯度算子方法,本文重新研究了其势函数为V(x)=x²+λX²/(1+gX²),且g>0时的Schr?dinger方程的求解过程. 关键词：     

锶原子光晶格钟自旋极化谱线的探测

87Sr原子存在核自旋,在磁场作用下原子能级会分裂成不同塞曼子能级.通过光抽运对原子进行自旋极化,其自旋极化谱线的探测为锶光钟系统的闭环锁定提供精确的频率参考.本文对~(87)Sr原子钟跃迁能级5s~2~1S_0→5s5p~3P_0中的m_F=+9/2和m_F=-9/2的塞曼磁子能级自旋极化谱线进行了探测.经过一级宽带冷却和二级窄线宽冷却与俘获后,锶冷原子温度为3.9μK,原子数目为3.5×10~6.利用邻近"魔术波长"的813.426 nm半导体激光光源实现水平方向的一维光晶格装载.采用归一化探测方法用线宽为Hz量级的698 nm钟激光对~1S_0→~3P_0偶极禁戒跃迁进行探测,在150 ms的探测时间下获得线宽为6.7 Hz的钟跃迁简并谱.在磁光阱竖直方向施加一个300 mGs的偏置磁场获得塞曼分裂谱,并通过689 nm的圆偏振自旋极化光进行光抽运,最终在探测时间为150 ms时,获得左右旋极化谱线线宽分别为6.2 Hz和6.8 Hz.     

Flux creep and flux flow for thallium ceramics in a pulsed magnetic field

The resistive properties of Tl-ceramics with T_c|=0=114 K were investigated in a pulsed magnetic field (B) up to 30 T and in the temperature range of 4.2 K<T<140 K. It was shown that the character of the field dependence of the resistance differs qualitatively in high-and low-temperature regions. At low (T80K) temperatures the dynamic magnetoresistance arising in the sample is analogous to that observed earlier in LaSrCuO [1] and YBaCuO [2] ceramics. This magnetoresistance is defined by the magnetic field variation rate and leads to the appearance of a minimum at the maximum of the magnetic field pulse, i.e. at . In the region of high temperatures (80 K T<T_c) or magnetic fields (at T60K) the sample resistance rises monotonically with B increase, and dynamic resistance is not observed. In this temperature range the existence of a scaling relation is shown (here B^* and T^* meet the condition k=(B^*, T^*)/ _n(T^*)=const) for the ceramics resistance (B,T), which can be represented as . An estimate for the upper critical field B_c2(0)B_o=1030±40 T is obtained.     

Effects of 5f-elements on electronic structures and spectroscopic properties of gold superatom model

5f-elements encaged in a gold superatomic cluster are capable of giving rise to unique optical properties due to their hyperactive valence electrons and great radial components of 5f/6d orbitals. Herein, we review our first-principles studies on electronic structures and spectroscopic properties of a series of actinide-embedded gold superatomic clusters with different dimensions. The three-dimensional(3D) and two-dimensional(2D) superatom clusters possess the 18-electron configuration of 1S21P61D10 and 10-electron configuration of 1S21P41D4, respectively. Importantly, their electronic absorption spectra can also be effectively explained by the superatom orbitals. Specifically, the charge transfer(CT) transitions involved in surface-enhance Raman spectroscopy(SERS) spectra for 3D and 2D structures are both from the filled 1D orbitals, providing the enhancement factors of the order of ～ 104 at 488 nm and ～ 105 at 456 nm, respectively. This work implies that the superatomic orbital transitions involved in 5f-elements can not only lead to a remarkable spectroscopic performance, but also a new direction for optical design in the future.     

Reconfigurable 3D photonic lattices by optical induction for optical control of beam propagation

We report on our recent theoretical and experimental studies of three-dimensional (3D) photonic lattice structures which are established in a bulk nonlinear crystal by employing different optical induction techniques. These 3D photonic lattices bring about new opportunities for controlling the flow of light via coupling engineering originated from the lattice modulation along the beam propagation direction. By fine tuning the lattice parameters, we observe a host of unusual behaviors of beam propagation in such reconfigurable 3D lattices, including enhanced discrete diffraction, light tunneling inhibition—better known as coherent destruction of tunneling (CDT), anomalous diffraction, negative refraction, as well as CDT-based image transmission. In addition, we propose and demonstrate a new way of creating 3D ionic-type photonic lattices by controlled Talbot effect.     

New Semiclassical and Numerical Approaches to Locate Zeros of Wave Functions

A new semiclassical method is presented for evaluating zeros of wave functions. In this method, locating zeros of the wave functions of Schrodinger equation is converted to finding roots of a polynomial. The coefficients of this polynomial are evaluated using WKB and semi quantum action variable methods. For certain potentials WKB expressions for moments are obtained exactly. Almost explicit formulae for moments are obtained for the potential V(x)=x^N. Examples are given to illustrate both methods. Using semi quantum action variable method, complex zeros of the wave functions of the PT symmetric complex system V(x)=x^4 iAx are obtained. These zeros exhibit complex version of in terlacing.     

The Gaussian Model on the Inhomogeneous Fractal Lattices

The decimation real-space renormalization group and spin-rescaling methods are applied to the study of phase transition of the Gaussian model on fractal lattices. It is found that the critical point K^* equals b/2 ( b is the distribution constant of Gaussian model) on nonbranching Koch curves. For inhomogeneous fractal lattices, it is proposed that the b is replaced with b_qi (qi is the coordination number of the site i) and satisfies a certain relation b_qi/b_qj = q_i/q_j. Under this supposition we find that the critical point of the Gaussian model on a branching Koch curve can be expressed uniquely as K^* = b_qi/q_i.     

Tensile properties and microstructure of 2024 aluminum alloy subjected to the high magnetic field and external stress

In order to explore the dependence of plasticity of metallic material on a high magnetic held,the effects of the different magnetic induction intensities(H = 0 T,0.5 T,1 T,3 T,and 5 T) and pulses number(N = 0,10,20,30,40,and 50) on tensile strength(σ_b) and elongation(δ) of 2024 aluminum alloy are investigated in the synchronous presences of a high magnetic held and external stress.The results show that the magnetic held exerts apparent and positive effects on the tensile properties of the alloy.Especially under the optimized condition of H~*=1 T and N~*=30,the σ_b and 8 are 410 MPa and 17% that are enhanced by 9.3% and 30.8% respectively in comparison to those of the untreated sample.The synchronous increases of tensile properties are attributed to the magneto-plasticity effect on a quantum scale.That is,the magnetic held will accelerate the state conversion of radical pair generated between the dislocation and obstacles from singlet to the triplet state.The bonding energy between them is meanwhile lowered and the moving flexibility of dislocations will be enhanced.At H~* = 1 T and N~* = 30,the dislocation density is enhanced by 1.28 times.The relevant minimum grain size is 266.1 nm,which is reduced by 35.2%.The grain rehning is attributed to the dislocation accumulation and subsequent dynamic recrystallization.The(211) and(220) peak intensities are weakened.It is deduced that together with the recrystallization,the hne grains will transfer towards the slip plane and contribute to the slipping deformation.     

无铅四方相钙钛矿短周期超晶格压电效应机理研究

超晶格压电行为与内部正离子之间的内在联系尚缺乏相关的研究.本文基于密度泛函理论的第一性原理方法,研究了三种无铅四方相钙钛矿铁电超晶格(BaTiO_3/SrTiO_3,KNbO_3/KTaO_3和BaTiO_3/KNbO_3)中A,B位正离子对整体的极化和压电贡献.通过计算超晶格不同轴向应变条件下原子结构和Born有效电荷,获得了超晶格和各个正离子的极化值和压电系数.结果表明,在轴向压缩应变条件下(-0.15—0 A),无铅超晶格中的正离子位移D(A)和D(B)受到抑制,在拉应变时位移才显著增大,因此极化和压电行为不明显.在轴向拉伸应变作用下(0—0.15 A),无铅超晶格中各原子的极化贡献显著增大,特别是B位原子Ti,Nb和Ta的极化贡献使得总的极化强度也显著提高,并当拉应变达到一定值,超晶格才会出现明显的压电行为.无铅超晶格的极化和压电行为主要由B位正离子贡献.     

玻色凝聚原子云的二次干涉及其放大效应

捕限在三维轴对称谐振势阱叠加一维光晶格势的组合势中的玻色凝聚气体，取消磁阱和光晶格势后，将形成沿轴向向两侧运动的干涉边峰.提出一个新的实验方案，使这样的干涉边峰再次相遇叠加，以探讨物质波的二次干涉效应.研究表明，在干涉边峰相干加强的区域，玻色凝聚原子云的密度会得到有效放大.基于现有的实验技术，这个新实验是可以实现的，这种效应也是可以观测得到的.     

极化检测型铷原子磁力仪的研究

针对交变弱磁场的检测,研制了一种基于极化-检测双光束结构的激光抽运铷原子磁力仪.为了获得该磁力仪对磁场的响应特性,通过数值仿真分析了信号幅度随极化磁场强度、弛豫时间的变化关系,并进行了实验验证.最后通过选择合适的极化磁场使磁力仪对待测磁场的灵敏度最大.实验结果表明,优化后磁力仪灵敏度为0.2pT/(Hz)~(1/2),响应带宽3.5kHz,可用于弱磁场磁共振、高频异常物理现象等信号的检测.     

Optical pumping with laser-induced-fluorescence

We describe a new procedure for optical pumping that is based on laser-induced fluorescence (LIF). The procedure is demonstrated by optically exciting a sample of Rb⁸⁵ atoms, which then creates a population imbalance between the ground state hyperfine levels of Rb⁸⁷ by “LIF depopulation pumping”. Though optical pumping with this technique increases the intensity dependent light-shift coefficient (i.e., ac Stark shift) of the Rb⁸⁷ 0-0 hyperfine transition, it reduces the frequency dependent light-shift coefficient by at least an order of magnitude. Since the stabilization of the diode laser wavelength is a significant challenge in the development of laser-pumped gas-cell atomic clocks, it is anticipated that optical pumping with LIF will be of benefit to atomic clock technology.     

Resonant Magnetic Fields of a Magnetopolaron in a Parabolic Quantum Dot

It is shown that for a resonant magnetic field, the two cyclotron masses (m₊^* and m_-^*) in a parabolic quantum dot are split into two cyclotron masses, respectively. The cyclotron mass (m₊^*) decreases with decreasing the size of the quantum dot, the stronger the magnetic field strength, the larger the cyclotron mass. The lower branch of the cyclotron mass (m_-^*) increases linearly with increasing the magnetic field strength. The upper branch of the cyclotron mass (m_-^*) is larger than the bare band mass and enhances as the magnetic field strength increases.     

光晶格动量依赖偶极势中原子运动

研究了原子在光晶格偶极势依赖原子动量情况下的运动, 特别考虑了偶极势对原子动量的依赖特性. 对动量和位置的方差研究表明, 原子的动量方差呈现压缩性质, 位置方差呈现放大性质.据此我们预言光晶格动量依赖偶极势中的单粒子态可能接近动量压缩线态. 研究结果还表明, 红失谐情况下原子的动量演化可分为三个过程: 第一个过程是慢减速过程, 初始动量较大的原子, 动量以近似阻尼振荡的形式衰减; 第二个过程是快减速过程, 当动量被减速到接近到光子动量时, 动量迅速减小到hk(Ω/γ)², 其中hk为光子动量, Ω为拉比频率, γ为原子波函数衰减函数; 第三个过程是原子被囚禁过程, 当原子动能被降低到小于势井深度时, 原子被囚禁在晶格波腹附近. 关键词： 动量演化 光晶格 压缩态