Hβ/MCM-41复合分子筛催化剂上苯甲醚与乙酸酐酰化反应研究

以β沸石为硅源,制备了不同硅铝比的Hβ/MCM-41复合分子筛,考察了该复合分子筛对苯甲醚与乙酸酐酰化反应的催化效果,并与介孔MCM-41、微孔Hβ分子筛的催化效果进行了比较,研究了分子筛硅铝比、酸性及孔道结构对酰化反应催化性能的影响。结果表明,对于苯甲醚和乙酸酐酰化反应,Hβ/MCM-41复合分子筛具有较好的催化稳定性,反应过程中的积炭量较少,积炭的碳氢比较低。该复合分子筛不仅具有微孔沸石的强酸性,而且具有较大孔径的介孔,产物分子能及时从孔道中扩散出来,催化活性位不易中毒失活。     

F改性Hβ对Mo-Ni/F-Hβ催化剂的FCC汽油硫转移反应催化性能的影响

通过添加不同含量的F对Hβ分子筛进行改性,制备Mo-Ni/F-Hβ催化剂,采用N₂吸附-脱附、NH₃-TPD、XRD、Py-FTIR和SEM等方法对该催化剂进行了表征,研究了F改性对该Mo-Ni/F-Hβ催化剂在FCC汽油中硫醇醚化和噻吩烷基化等硫转移反应中催化性能的影响。结果表明,以0.5%含量F修饰的β分子筛制备的催化剂对硫醚化反应和噻吩烷基化反应具有明显的促进作用,并能提高对二烯烃选择性加氢的选择性。F的引入可增强Hβ分子筛的中强酸量,降低强酸量,并提高了L/B酸中心比例,这些变化对催化性能改善起到重要作用。     

2,3-二甲基-2-丁烯酰化合成3,3,4-三甲基-4-戊烯-2-酮的负载ZnCl2固体催化剂

研究了负载ZnCl2的固体催化剂在2，3-二甲基-2-丁烯与乙酐酰化合成3，3，4-三甲基-4-戊烯-2-酮反应中的催化活性。结果表明，K10粘土是最好的载体，但是HY沸石、Synclyst S13(一种无定型的酸性固体)、硅胶和氧化铝也都是制备负载ZnCl2的固体催化剂的有效载体。ZnCl2的负载量和改性方法都影响负载ZnCl2的固体催化剂的催化活性。     

Catalytic Acylation of Ethylidenecyclohexane over Zeolite Catalysts

Beak et al[1 ] reported that the acylation of ethylidenecyclohexane( EDC) using zincchloride as a catalyst gave 3 -( 1 -cyclohexenyl) -2 -butanone( CHB) in good yield.However,it is pity that they provided only little information about reaction conditions,and no information on comparison of activities of various catalysts. Itis well known thatconventional Zn Cl2 catalyst leads to a great number of environmental pollution,whichcould be mainly overcome by use of the solid catalysts as we have …     

Highly active and reusable heterogeneous catalysts for acylation of anisole

In the present study, non-conventional solid acid catalysts such as NaY, metal ion exchanged zeolite NaY (Zn²⁺, Fe³⁺, Ce³⁺, La³⁺ and Nd³⁺), H-mordenite, H-β and HZSM-5 were used in order to overcome the disadvantages of conventional Friedel-Crafts catalysts for the acylation of anisole with acetic anhydride. Among the various zeolites studied, the HY zeolite shows an intermediate activity. Zeolite containing transition metal ions (Zn²⁺ and Fe³⁺) are less active and zeolite NaY is nearly inactive. The catalysts exhibit the activity in the order H-β>transition metal ions (Zn²⁺ and Fe³⁺)>HY>NaY zeolite. The highest catalytic activity of H-β could be due to its larger pore size. The type of acidity and the acid strength in zeolite Y were determined by FTIR and differential scanning calorimetric (DSC) studies on the pyridine adsorbed catalysts. The correlation of catalytic activity with acidity reveals that Brönsted acid sites in zeolite promote the acylation of anisole.     

Effects of acyl donor type, catalyst type, and reaction conditions on the activity and selectivity of Friedel-Crafts acylation

Acylation of anisole and 3-methylanisole was performed with several acylating reagents (acetylation by AcCl and Ac₂O and bromoacetylation by BrAcCl and (BrAc)₂O) over different solid acid catalysts. The reaction conditions were optimized with respect to the acylation reagent, overall yield, solid acid catalyst, and the products selectivities. While acylation of anisole with acetyl chloride or acetic anhydride resulted in its full conversion to para-substituted acetophenone, the use of bromoacetyl bromide or bromoacetic anhydride yielded also the ortho-substituted product. Acylation of 3-methylanisole also yielded both para- and ortho-substitutions, and the products distribution was affected by the reaction conditions and catalyst type. It was found that while more acidic catalysts (caesium salt of heteropolyacid and zeolites) were the most active towards anisole acylation, the most active catalysts for the acylation of 3-methylanisole were ion-exchange catalysts. Employing HY-740 zeolite resulted in the highest ortho-selectivity in the acylation of anisole with bromoacetyl bromide and bromoacetic anhydride and in the acylation of 3-methylanisole with acetic anhydride.     

Friedel–Crafts acylation of pyrrole over ultrasonic-assisted phosphoric acid-modified Hβ zeolite

Friedel?CCrafts acylation of pyrrole with acetic anhydride was studied over different zeolites and an ultrasonic-assisted phosphoric acid-modified H?? (P-H??-US) zeolite was found to have the best catalytic performance among all the zeolites examined. The conversion of acetic anhydride reached 98.8% and the selectivity to acetylpyrroles was 97.0% under the optimized conditions. The high activity of the P-H??-US zeolite is attributed to the increase of weak acid sites, caused by the synergistic effect between the phosphoric acid modification and ultrasound. Moreover, the carbonaceous deposits, mainly due to the adsorption of reactants and products, on the surface acid sites and the blockage of the pores is believed to be the reason for the deactivation of the reused P-H??-US zeolite, confirmed from the Brunauer?CEmmett?CTeller (BET) method, scanning electron microscopy, and X-ray photoelectron spectroscopy. Furthermore, the catalyst activity can be recovered effectively by a subsequent calcination.     

Friedel-crafts acylation of 2-methoxynaphthalene over h-beta catalysts: effect of Si/Al ratio

The acylation of 2-methoxynaphthalene with acetic anhydride was carried out over zeolite beta catalysts having various Si/Al ratios. It was found that the reaction performance is strongly dependent on the Si/Al ratio of the catalyst. The catalytic reaction features were elucidated in terms of the acidic properties of the catalysts. This revised version was published online in June 2006 with corrections to the Cover Date.     

用新方法催化合成6-乙酰基-1-甲基环己烯

室温下用HY沸石取代传统催化剂通过1-甲基环己烯与乙酐的酰基化反应合成了6-乙酰基-1-甲基环己烯，考察了HY沸石的SiO2／Al2O2摩尔比、用量和活化时间以及反应时间对该酰化反应的影响．当1-甲基环己烯／乙酐／HY沸石(SiO2／Al2O3摩尔比=29)=1mmol／10mmol／0．200g、反应温度25℃、反应时间3h时，所得酰化产品的产率为60％，HY沸石能够回收和重新使用，显示出与新鲜催化剂几乎相同的催化活性．     

不同模板剂含量MCM-49分子筛的CTAB修饰及在苯甲醚酰基化反应中的应用

芳香族化合物的Friedel-Crafts酰基化反应是制备芳香酮的一类重要反应,传统的Lewis酸(如AlCl3)和质子酸(如H2SO4)催化剂易制备,价格便宜,但存在对环境污染严重、与产物难分离等问题.因此,近年来研究者一直致力于环境友好催化剂的研发,其中分子筛因选择性好、与产物易分离、可再生和无污染等优点而日益受到人们的重视,尤其是MWW分子筛,由于具有较多的外表面酸性位,而在酰基化反应中表现出良好的抗积碳性能.本课题组曾讨论了对一系列不同模板剂(六亚甲基亚胺, HMI)含量的MCM-49分子筛进行NaOH与十六烷基三甲基溴化铵(CTAB)共处理的情况,而本文重点考察的是只用CTAB处理不同HMI含量的MCM-49分子筛时,其结构与酸性会如何变化,改性前后样品的结构与酸性借助XRD, N2吸脱附等温线测试,29Si与27Al MAS NMR, NH3-TPD, Py-IR与漫反射傅里叶变换红外光谱(DRIFTS)等技术进行表征.另外,将一系列样品用于催化苯甲醚(AN)与乙酸酐(AA)的酰基化反应,考察CTAB处理对MCM-49分子筛催化性能的影响.将含模板剂HMI的MCM-49分子筛原粉在不同温度(250,350,450或550°C)下焙烧,得到一系列不同孔道系统内保留HMI的样品,随后采用CTAB溶液(0.27 mol/L)对其在70°C下进行后处理1 h.结构表征的结果表明,在脱除模板剂HMI及CTAB处理的过程中,分子筛骨架结构基本未被破坏,同时, CTAB处理不能向分子筛中引入任何形式的介孔,无论是晶内介孔还是晶间介孔.在CTAB处理时,可以清除分子筛中部分无定形物种,尤其是无定形Al物种,同时也可能发生部分非骨架Al原子重新进入分子筛骨架的情况,造成骨架铝的比例相对提高.根据29Si与27Al MAS NMR结果可以推断,进入分子筛骨架的Al原子可能会取代T3位置上的Si原子,亦或直接进入T2或T3位置缺陷位.酸性表征的结果表明, CTAB修饰后样品Br?nsted酸量比HMCM-49明显提高,并随HMI含量的逐渐降低呈现先增加后降低的趋势,而Lewis酸量则相对于HMCM-49有所降低.将一系列CTAB修饰前后的MCM-49样品用于催化AN与AA的酰基化反应,反应条件为：压力1.0 MPa、温度110°C、总质量空速WHSV(AN+AA)为10.2 h?1及原料中AN与AA的摩尔比为5：1.反应数据表明,相对于HMCM-49样品, CTAB修饰后样品对应的AA转化率显著提高(初始转化率由51.4%最高增加至85.0%),并随CTAB处理过程中HMI含量的逐渐降低呈现先增加后降低的趋势,而产物选择性则基本没有变化.各样品的AA初始转化率与其Br?nsted酸量基本呈现正向关联.通过间二甲苯歧化反应预积碳堵塞超笼及碱性探针分子2,4-二甲基喹啉吸附覆盖表面半超笼的方法,研究CTAB修饰前后各样品的不同孔道系统对酰基化反应的催化贡献.结果表明,酰基化反应主要发生在MCM-49分子筛的表面半超笼,其次为超笼,正弦孔道的贡献很小.另外, CTAB修饰后样品催化活性的提高主要来自于不含HMI的孔道系统的贡献,进一步验证在CTAB处理过程中,改性作用主要发生在MCM-49分子筛中不含HMI的区域.结合表征和反应评价结果,提高酰基化反应活性需尽可能提高催化剂的Br?nsted酸量,这是分子筛催化剂今后改进的一个主要方向.     

SiO2负载磷钨杂多酸催化的甲苯与乙酸酐酰化反应

以SiO2负载12-磷钨酸（PW）为催化剂,对甲苯与乙酸酐(AA)的酰化反应进行了研究。采用XRD、BET、TGA和NH3-TPD等对PW/SiO2催化剂进行了表征。结果表明,PW负载量及焙烧温度对PW/SiO2的酸性、PW在SiO2上的分散状态以及酰化催化活性有明显的影响。PW的负载量40%（按质量计）、焙烧温度300℃制备的PW(40%)/SiO2催化剂,其PW在载体表面的分散度好,酸量及酸强度适宜,对甲苯与乙酸酐的酰化反应具有较高的催化活性。在130℃,催化剂/乙酸酐（质量比）2.2时,催化反应效果最佳。     

Hβ分子筛催化甜高粱秆汁转化制呋喃类化合物

以γ-丁内酯为溶剂,研究了Hβ分子筛催化富含蔗糖、葡萄糖和果糖的甜高粱秆汁转化制呋喃类化合物（5-羟甲基糠醛或糠醛）的性能。结果表明,甜高粱秆汁在Hβ分子筛上主要转化为5-羟甲基糠醛,而含糖量相同的模型甜高粱秆汁在相同的反应条件下,主要产物却是糠醛。²⁷Al 固体核磁结果表明,甜高粱秆汁中的微量碱性金属钾等能与Hβ分子筛发生离子交换,导致Hβ分子筛上六配位铝转变为四配位铝;因为六碳糖生成糠醛需要Hβ分子筛上具备合适的铝配位环境,而离子交换引起铝配位状态的变化,导致了甜高粱秆汁在Hβ分子筛上的主要产物是5-羟甲基糠醛。     

Hβ分子筛催化的甲苯与乙酸酐(AA)酰化反应研究

以Hβ分子筛为催化剂，对甲苯与乙酸酐(AA)的酰化反应进行了研究。通过研究反应温度、压力、甲苯与乙酸酐(AA)摩尔比、催化剂用量、以及溶剂的种类和用量等因素对反应转化率和选择性的影响，确定了较优的反应条件。结果表明，Hβ分子筛对甲苯与乙酸酐(AA)酰化反应具有较好的催化活性和选择性，适宜的反应条件为：温度130 ℃、甲苯/乙酸酐(AA)摩尔比20、催化剂/乙酸酐(AA)重量比0.8，极性溶剂如硝基苯等对酰化反应有一定的促进作用，但选择性有所下将，而非极性溶剂如二氧化碳可部分抑制催化剂的失活。     

Friedel–Crafts acylation of anisole over Cr-doped Hβ zeolite

Cr-doped Hβ zeolite is found to have better catalytic performance than Hβ zeolite in the Friedel–Crafts acylation of anisole, with acetic anhydride conversion of over 99% and nearly 100% selectivity to furnish para-methoxyacetophenone under the optimized reaction conditions. This is attributed to the increase of weak and moderately strong acid sites, caused by the Cr addition. The formation of carbonaceous materials and their coating of the acid sites are believed to be the reasons for the deactivation of the reused Cr-doped Hβ zeolite, as indicated by the Brunauer?Emmett?Teller (BET) method, scanning electron microscopy (SEM), X-ray photoelectron spectroscopy (XPS), and NH₃ temperature-programmed desorption (NH₃-TPD) measurement results. The catalyst activity can be recovered by a subsequent calcination.     

多级孔Hβ沸石对NiWP/Hβ-Al_2O_3催化剂柴油加氢性能的影响

采用碱处理法制备多级孔Hβ沸石,以不同比例与Al_2O_3混合,得到由Hβ沸石与Al_2O_3组成的混合载体,再采用等体积浸渍法制备了NiWP/Hβ-Al_2O_3系列催化剂。通过XRD、BET和NH3-TPD等手段对载体及催化剂进行了表征,以催化裂化柴油(FCC)为原料,在小型固定床反应器上,研究了多级孔Hβ沸石对NiWP/Hβ-Al_2O_3催化剂加氢反应性能的影响。结果表明,载体中加入质量分数为15%Hβ沸石,NiWP/Hβ-Al_2O_3催化剂柴油加氢性能最好;在该催化剂上,360℃、8.0 MPa、体积空速为1.0 h~(-1)和氢油体积比800的操作条件下,脱硫率达到99.77%,催化裂化柴油的密度由0.927 g/cm~3下降到0.837 g/cm~3,十六烷值由13.78提高到55.39。     

三聚异丁烯的催化酰化

室温下FeCl3用于催化三聚异丁烯(TIB)与乙酸酐的酰化反应.发现FeCl3在所研究的催化剂中是最有效的.考察了FeCl3的用量、乙酸酐的用量和反应时间等因素对该酰化反应的影响.该反应产生一种混合物,其中两种产物是主要的.当反应在1 mmol TIB/15 mmol乙酸酐/0.50 mmol FeCl3/0.43 g氯仿和25℃下进行2 h时,生成的两种主要产物的总产率为69%.另外,反应在由沸石和FeCl3或P2O5组成的共催化剂存在下进行.该反应也用HY和H-β沸石之类的多相催化剂进行了尝试.负载FeCl3的HY和H-β沸石催化剂比FeCl3具有更高的催化活性和选择性.     

在负载H3PO4的固体上3,3,4-三甲基-4-戊烯-2-酮的催化合成

3,3,4-Trimethyl-4-penten-2-one has been synthesized by the acylation of 2,3-dimethyl-2-butene with acetic anhydride in the presence of soild-supported H3PO4.By comparison of the acylation reactions of 2,3-dimethyl-2-butene with acetic anhydride over various soilds-supported H3PO4,it was found that K10 clay,silicagel,HY zeolite and HMordenite were good supports.The results obtined indicate that the soild-supported small amounts of H3PO4 possessed higher catalytic activities,For obatining a higher yield of 3,3,4-trimethyl-4-penten-2-one different supports required different modification methods.     

1-acetoxyvinyl phosphonates: Facile synthesis via catalytic acylation of dialkyl phosphites

A new and facile method of synthesis of 1-acetoxyvinyl phosphonates ( 2 ) has been found. Dialkyl phosphites react readily with acetic anhydride in acetonitrile solution in the presence of catalysts to produce 2 and acylphosphonates ( 1 ) as a minor product. The most efficient catalysts are metal compounds of variable valency: iron(II), iron(III), and cobalt(II) chlorides. The same compounds catalyze transformation of 1 into 2 in an acetonitrile solution of acetic anhydride.     

Heterogeneous acylation of phenol with acetic anhydride over hydrotalcite-like compounds

Liquid phase acylation of phenol with acetic anhydride was studied over the mixed oxides obtained from Mg-Al, Ni-Al, and Cu-Al hydrotalcites (HTs). The mixed oxides were characterized by XRD and SEM. The main acylation products of phenol over these oxide catalysts are phenylacetate and o-hydroxyacetophenone.     

NaOH后处理对多级孔Hβ分子筛上木质素催化热解性能的影响

采用碱性条件下"后处理"脱硅的方法,制备了一系列多级孔Hβ分子筛,考察了Na OH浓度对Hβ分子筛上木质素催化热解性能的影响。结果表明,当Na OH浓度小于0.2 mol/L时,碱处理后的多级孔Hβ分子筛的介孔数量增加,木质素热解液体产物的收率随着Na OH浓度提高而显著增加。当Na OH浓度小于0.5 mol/L时,碱处理可以保持多级孔Hβ分子筛的微孔结构基本不被破坏,木质素催化热解具有较好的脱氧效果;产物以芳烃为主,含氧化合物的收率始终小于3%。当Na OH的浓度增加到1 mol/L时,会造成Hβ分子筛过度脱硅,骨架坍塌;由于Hβ分子筛的多级孔结构被破坏,此时不仅木质素热解液体产物的收率降低,而且脱氧效果变差。