硫代樟脑光化学反应的理论研究

运用量子化学方法优化了硫代樟脑的最低5个电子态(S₀, T₁, S₁, T₂和S₂)的结构, 并计算了它们的相对能量. 计算结果表明: S₁, T₁和T₂态的能量非常接近, 而S₂的能量远远高于T₂态, 这与之前对几种小的硫代羰基化合物的研究结论一致. 确定了硫代樟脑分子在T₁态发生β-插入反应和类Norrish II型反应的机理, 计算的势垒相对于S₀的振动零点分别为314.1和332.6 kJ/mol. 在400 nm波长的光的照射下, 分子被激发到S₁态, 此时分子没有足够的能量发生反应, 只能通过内转换回到基态. 当激发光波长在254 nm时, 硫代樟脑分子被激发到S₂态, 这时候体系有了足够的内部能量使反应发生. 实验上已经观察到此激发光波长下, 气态硫代樟脑可以发生β-插入反应和类Norrish II型反应.     

理论研究二米基硼B(Mes)2位置异构对Ir(III)配合物Ir(ppy)2(acac)的光物理性质的影响

采用DFT/TDDFT方法研究了二米基硼B（Mes）₂基团修饰的一类Ir（ppy）₂（acac）配合物1～3的光物理性质. 计算了电子结构,吸收和发射光谱以及自旋轨道耦合矩阵< T₁^α|H_SOC|S_n >和辐射跃迁速率（k_r）,探讨了取代基位置不同对磷光辐射和非辐射跃迁性质的影响. 研究结果表明：向ppy配体的吡啶环引入B（Mes）₂基团,能够加强金属铱（Ir）与配体乙酰丙酮（acac）的相互作用,减小单-三重态能级差ΔE（S₁-T₁）,提高系间窜跃速率和磷光辐射跃迁速率. 向ppy配体的苯环引入B（Mes）₂基团则增大了S₀与T₁的结构变形和自旋轨道耦合矩阵< S₀|H_SOC|T₁ >,使非辐射跃迁速率增加. B（Mes）₂基团位置异构,导致金属d轨道分裂方式不同,其在三个方向的自旋轨道耦合作用不同,辐射跃迁和非辐射跃迁都随之改变. 从理论上解释了通过对ppy配体的吡啶环修饰可获得高磷光量子产率的原因.     

多共振热激活延迟荧光过程的理论研究

本工作借助第一性原理和动力学演化,系统地研究了四个叔丁基-咔唑及吩噻嗪取代的硼-氮化合物(BCz-BN、2PTZ-BN、Cz-PTZ-BN和2Cz-PTZ-BN)的多共振热激活延迟荧光的高效发光机制.结果表明上述分子T₁与T₂间的内转换速率远大于其它辐射与非辐射速率,同时T₂到S₁的反向系间窜越速率也高于T₁到S₁的反向系间窜越速率,因此其多共振热激活延迟荧光过程应遵循T₁→T₂→S₁→S₀的路径.进一步动力学演化表明,T₁与T₂之间的内转换主要发生在演化初期,随着时间的推移,能量逐渐由T₂向S₁转移,并最终在S₁完成荧光发射.上述研究揭示了多共振延迟荧光的微观本质,为未来设计及合成新的多共振热激活延迟荧光分子提供了理论依据.     

Gd3+与RGD共修饰量子点用于胰腺癌细胞的荧光及MR双模态成像

结合磁共振成像(MRI)和荧光成像技术,以钆离子(Gd3+)、量子点及精氨酸(R)-甘氨酸(G)-天冬氨酸(D)(RGD)多肽等为功能单元,采用纳米载体组装技术构建了MRI弛豫率/荧光效率高和靶向性强的Gd3+与RGD共修饰的量子点双模态纳米探针(QDs@Gd3+-RGD),并将其用于胰腺癌细胞的双模态成像.实验结果表明,QDs@Gd3+-RGD双模态纳米探针具有较高的弛豫率,且能对胰腺癌patu8988细胞进行荧光和T1-weighted MR成像.     

2-甲基噻吩光异构化成3-甲基噻吩的理论研究

用CASSCF方法以6-31G基组研究了2-甲基噻吩光异构化为3-甲基噻吩的光化学反应和基态(S₀)及三重激发态(T₁)的相关势能面.反应主要发生在三重态(T₁)上,其间经历了两个双自由基,1个三元环中间体及4个过渡态.沿着反应路径找到了2个T₁/S₀势能面交叉点,其结构都类似于双自由基.在第二个T₁/S₀势能面交叉点附近由T₁向S₀的系间窜越(ISC)最为有利.     

两亲性双核钆(Ⅲ)配合物的合成与肝选择MRI增强

通过二乙三胺五乙酸单环酸酐和乙二胺四乙酸单环酸酐分别与L-赖氨酸苄酯的双酰化反应,制得两种含有双胺羧螯合单元的配体.它们与GdCl₃·6H₂O反应得到相应的两亲性双核钆(Ⅲ)配合物.表征了配体和配合物的结构,测试了配合物的纵向弛豫效能(R1).进行了双DTPA酰(L-赖氨酸苄酯)钆(Gd₂-3_a)的急性毒性和与Gd-DTPA的动物T₁加权成像对比实验.结果表明,这两种新配合物的R1都高于Gd-DTPA.Gd₂-3_a无明显急性毒性,且比Gd-DTPA对肝区实质细胞有更长时间和更大程度的选择性增强.     

价态互变Co配合物的磁性能和光诱导弛豫动力学

合成一种新型具有热致和光致自旋交叉及价态互变性能的配合物Co[HN(C₅H4N)₂](3,5-DBSQ)₂.对该配合物的热致和光致磁性变化以及光照后光诱导弛豫动力学进行了研究.自旋交叉和价态互变的相变起始温度约300K.低温下光照后,低自旋Co(Ⅲ)从配体3,5-DBCAT得到1个电子变成高自旋的Co(Ⅱ),3,5-DBCAT转化为3,5-DBSQ,分子的磁矩升高.在5～30K范围内,高自旋态的弛豫速度常数k_VT与温度无关,弛豫行为表现为隧道效应;而在30～70K之间,光照射后高自旋态弛豫的活化能为252cm^-1.     

基于低场核磁共振弛豫特性结合多元线性回归同步评价菜籽煎炸油品质

油脂作为煎炸食品的重要配料,其品质对产品质量安全和行业发展具有重要意义。以菜籽油为研究对象,系统分析了菜籽油在煎炸过程中品质指标的变化规律及其对低场核磁共振(Low-field nuclear magnetic resonance,LF-NMR)弛豫信号的影响,研究了菜籽油品质指标与弛豫特性之间的相关性,通过LF-NMR弛豫特性结合多元线性回归建立了菜籽煎炸油品质指标同步检测模型,并探究了自变量数对模型性能的影响。结果表明,菜籽油的酸价、极性组分、茴香胺值、羰基价、黏度和吸光度均随煎炸时间延长而增大,而碘值逐渐减小;煎炸过程中菜籽油回波衰减曲线的衰减速率呈上升趋势;弛豫特性指标(T_2w、T₂₁、T₂₂、S₂₂和S₂₃)与菜籽煎炸油的品质指标(酸价、极性组分、茴香胺值、羰基价、黏度、吸光度和碘值)呈显著相关(p<0.05);同步检测模型的决定系数(R²)大于0.93,相对平均偏差(RAD)小于0.15,与单变量检测模型相比,除茴香胺值外,其它指标的RA...     

聚乙二醇修饰BaGdF5纳米粒子的合成及胃肠道CT/磁共振双模成像研究

分子影像在疾病诊断和预后评估,尤其在胃肠道相关疾病成像领域中发挥了重要作用,纳米造影剂的设计合成与临床应用已成为分子影像领域的研究热点。本研究采用溶剂热法制备了聚乙二醇修饰的BaGdF₅纳米粒子,并将其用于胃肠道计算机断层扫描(CT)/磁共振(MR)双模成像。此纳米粒子的CT成像效果优于商用碘对比剂。此外,由于引入了Gd元素,此纳米粒子可用于活体层面的MR成像研究。通过透射电子显微镜(TEM)、X-射线衍射仪(XRD)、红外光谱(FT-IR)和热重分析(TGA)等对聚乙二醇修饰BaGdF₅纳米粒子进行了表征。细胞MTT实验与活-死细胞染色实验等结果表明,合成的纳米粒子具有极低的细胞毒性和优良的生物相容性;同时,溶血实验结果表明,此纳米粒子具有较高的血液相容性。基于苏木精-伊红(H&E)染色的病理学方法评估了小鼠给药BaGdF₅纳米粒子后的体内长期毒性,结果表明,此纳米粒子未造成上下消化道组织损伤,具有较高的生物安全性。BaGdF₅纳米粒子在胃肠道CT/MR双模态成像研究中具有良好的应用前景。     

多胺多羧酸双吡哆醇酯顺磁性金属螯合物及其弛豫性能研究

由二乙三胺五乙酸(DTPA)双酸酐和乙二胺四乙酸(EDTA)双酸酐与维生素B₆族化合物吡哆醇(PN)或其衍生物合成了一系列新型的多胺多羧酸双吡哆醇酯衍生物及其钆(Ⅲ)、锰(Ⅱ)、铁(Ⅲ)等顺磁性金属螯合物,研究了其中钆(Ⅲ)和锰(Ⅱ)螯合物在体外水溶液中对水质子的纵向弛豫性能(R₁).结果表明,所有配体和配合物均有很好的水溶性,且对光和空气稳定.螯合物的弛豫率(T₁)可与其母体螯合物相媲美,如钆-二乙三胺五乙酸二吡哆醇酯(GdDTPA-BPN)和锰-乙二胺四乙酸二吡哆醇酯(MnEDTA-BPN)的弛豫率R₁分别为5.5和3.1L·mmol^-1·s^-1,与其母体螯合物GdDTPA^2-和MnEDTA^2-的R₁值(5.2和2.8L·mmol^-1·s^-1)相当.     

二氧化碳和丙烯直接合成甲基丙烯酸的NiPMo/TiO2催化剂的研究

用溶胶-凝胶法以磷钼酸(MPA)的镍盐溶液水解钛酸四丁酯制备了NiPMo/TiO2催化剂.使用ICP、 XRD、 TG-DTA、 IR、 TPD-MS和微反应技术研究了催化剂的化学组成、热稳定性、化学吸附性质和催化反应性能.杂多钼酸盐与TiO2通过O2-在TiO2表面发生了键合.在623 K下,杂多阴离子仍保持原有的Keggin结构.CO2在Lewis酸位Ni(Ⅱ)和Lewis碱位Ni-O-Mo的桥氧协同作用下生成CO2卧式吸附态Ni(Ⅱ)←O-(CO)←(O--Ni).丙烯有多种吸附态在催化剂上吸附.在563 K、 1 MPa和空速1500 h-1的反应条件下,丙烯的摩尔转化率为3.2%,产物MAA选择性为95%.     

Toward new camptothecins. Part 6: Synthesis of crucial ketones and their use in Friedländer reaction

In the context of the preparation of camptothecin and luotonin A analogs, the synthesis of some key keto-precursors and their use in Friedländer condensation are described. This paper also focuses on the stability of these keto intermediates and emphasizes the major differences between indolizinones and pyrroloquinazolinones series. Noteworthy is also the report of some original structures isolated as by-products of some experiments.     

CoFe2O4自形成磁性液体场致结构化对磁化的影响

The Langevin paramagnetic theory can’t describe the relation between magnetization of ferrofluids and applied magnetic field. The structuralization of ferrofluids, which is considered the main influence factor of the magnetization, is regarded. The part of magnetization works is deposited when the structure is forming. This action influences the magnetization of ferrofluids directly or indirectly. On the base of the “compressing” model, the Langevin function that usually describes the magnetization of ferrofluid is modified, and a well-fitted curve is obtained. An equation of the relation between the equivalent volume fraction after being “compressed” and the intensity of magnetic field is discovered, which approximately describes the process of magnetization. The relation between the approximate initial susceptibility and the volume fraction can be obtained from modified formula.     

Highly regioselective Buchwald–Hartwig amination at C-2 of 2,4-dichloropyridine enabling a novel approach to 2,4-bisanilinopyridine (BAPyd) libraries

The highly regioselective Buchwald–Hartwig amination at C-2 of the cheap and readily accessible reagent, 2,4-dichloropyridine with a range of anilines and heterocyclic amines is described. This new methodology is robust and provides a facile access to 4-chloro-N-phenylpyridin-2-amines on 0.25 mol scale. These intermediates undergo a further Buchwald–Hartwig amination at higher temperature to enable rapid exploration of the chemical space at C-4 and to provide a library of 2,4-bisaminopyridines.     

KMnO4-mediated oxidative CN bond cleavage of tertiary amines: Synthesis of amides and sulfonamides

KMnO₄-mediated oxidative CN bond cleavage of tertiary amines producing secondary amine was introduced, which was trapped by electrophiles (acyl chloride and sulfonyl chloride) to form amides and sulfonamides. The reaction could take place at mild condition, tolerating a wide range of function groups and affording products in moderate to excellent yields.     

Chemistry of heterocyclic compounds at the A. E. Favorsky Irkutsk Institute of Chemistry, Siberian Branch of the Russian Academy of Sciences, over 50 years (Review)

The review contains a concise historical account and information on the most significant researches undertaken by the staff at the A. E. Favorsky Irkutsk Institute of Chemistry, Siberian Branch of the Russian Academy of Sciences on the Chemistry of Heterocyclic Compounds. Dedicated to Academician of the Russian Academy of Sciences B. A. Trofimov on his 70th jubilee. Translated from Khimiya Geterotsiklicheskikh Soedinenii, No. 10, pp. 1443–1502, October, 2008.     

Sulfur-directed metal-free and regiospecific methyl C(sp3)–H imidation of thioanisoles

Regiospecific and direct imidation of the methyl C(sp³)–H bond of thioanisoles is realized under mild and metal-free conditions with N-fluorobis(benzenesulfonyl)imide as an oxidant and nitrogen source. Proposed mechanism suggests that thionium ion intermediates and a Pummerer-type reaction are involved. The imidation has advantages such as high step-economy, excellent functionality tolerance, and regiospecificity, giving structurally diverse imidation products.     

Selective syntheses of 2H-1,3-oxazines and 1H-pyrrol-3(2H)-ones via temperature-dependent Rh(II)-carbenoid-mediated 2H-azirine-ring expansion

The Rh(II)-catalyzed reaction of 2-carbonyl-substituted 2H-azirines with ethyl 2-cyano-2-diazoacetate or 2-diazo-3,3,3-trifluoropropionate provides an easy access to 2H-1,3-oxazines and 1H-pyrrol-3(2H)-ones. These compounds can be selectively prepared from the same starting material using temperature as the only varied parameter. The 2-azabuta-1,3-diene intermediate, a common precursor for both heterocyclic products, isomerizes into 2H-1,3-oxazine under kinetic control, while 1H-pyrrol-3(2H)-one is the sole product of the reaction at elevated temperatures. According to DFT-calculations a one-atom oxazine ring contraction involving ring-opening to a 2-azabuta-1,3-diene intermediate, followed by a 1,5- and 1,2-prototropic shift leads to the consecutive formation of imidoylketene and azomethine ylide, which then further undergo cyclization to the pyrrole derivative.     

Synthesis of 1-benzyloxypyrazin-2(1H)-one derivatives

Different approaches for the synthesis of 1-benzyloxypyrazin-2(1H)-one derivatives from simple amino acids have been investigated. A library of 33 precursors for the preparation of N-hydroxy pyrazinones was obtained in moderate to good yields.