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纳米载体固定化酶的最新研究进展 总被引:1,自引:0,他引:1
催化剂是化学工业的重要基础,其中酶是重要的高效天然催化剂。近年来,酶被越来越多地应用于工业领域,如精细化工、食品工业、制药工业、纺织业和制浆造纸。然而,由于游离酶存在价格昂贵及操作稳定性(特别是回收与重复使用性能)低等缺点,其在工业上的进一步应用受到一定限制。对酶进行固定化是解决上述问题的有效途径。一个理想的酶固定化技术需要载体具有良好的生物相容性和高比表面积,能够负载适量的酶并且具有很好的重复使用性能,固定化酶的过程简单温和,所得到的固定化酶制剂具有良好的催化性能、稳定性以及工业应用价值。尽管固定化酶技术经过了多年的发展,但仍需进一步研究。近几年,人们研究了基于纤维素纳米晶类、聚多巴胺类纳米载体以及生物相容性合成有机物纳米胶等新型载体对酶的固定化,取得了较好的成果。本文综述了这些新型纳米载体的制备以及酶的固定化过程,阐述了纳米载体固定化酶的结构和催化性能,并展望了发展前景。纤维素是全球产量最高、来源最广的生物聚合物。纤维素经过一定的酸(常用硫酸和盐酸)水解处理后,剩下的是具有高结晶度的纤维素纳米晶。它具有高比表面积、高机械强度和高长径比等优异性能。因此,研究者利用纤维素纳米晶作为载体进行酶固定化,获得了高负载量、高催化性能的固定化酶制剂。基于仿生矿化法制备的聚多巴胺类材料近年来获得研究者越来越多的关注。多巴胺具有良好的自聚合能力,可以对无机、有机等各种材料进行表面修饰。同时,聚多巴胺中含有的活性官能团可以与酶发生交联,从而达到固定化酶的效果。基于合成性聚合物纳米胶载体的固定化酶技术同样是一个新兴的、有意义的研究领域。相关的固定化过程可分为两大类:(1)在酶分子表面通过原位聚合生成纳米胶(growing-from过程);(2)将酶与预先合成的纳米胶进行交联(grafting-to过程)。其中, growing-from过程是先将酶分子丙烯酰化,再进行原位聚合。而原位聚合又可分为自由基聚合、原子转移自由基聚合(ATRP)和可逆加成-断裂链转移聚合(RAFT)。其中, ATRP和 RAFT主要用于制备环境响应型的酶-聚合物纳米凝胶。 相似文献
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丝素纳米颗粒的制备及应用于L-天冬酰胺酶的固定化 总被引:2,自引:0,他引:2
丝素蛋白纤维溶于高浓度中性盐溴化锂溶液或氯化钙-乙醇-水三元溶剂中, 经过透析和纯化可以制成3种液态丝素. SDS-PAGE分析结果表明, 其分子量分布范围明显不同. 应用能与水混溶的有机溶剂如丙酮等可将这种丝素制成丝素纳米颗粒, 用SEM观察到丝素纳米颗粒粒径分布范围为50~120 nm. 以戊二醛为交联剂, 将治疗急性淋巴性白血病常用酶制剂L-天冬酰胺酶共价结合在丝素纳米颗粒上. 酶活性分析结果表明, 由肽链断裂较少的丝素制备的纳米颗粒更适合于酶的生物结合. 酶动力学研究结果表明, 这种固定化酶活性回收率为44%, 热稳定性较游离酶有明显提高, 最适pH值范围加宽为6.0~8.0, 最适反应温度提高10 ℃; 抗胰蛋白酶水解能力明显增强. 结果表明, 丝素纳米颗粒与丝素蛋白膜一样, 是一种酶固定化的良好载体, 在药物缓释系统方面具有潜在的研究和开发价值. 相似文献
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功能化金纳米修饰电极是化学修饰电极,不仅具有特定功能团性能,且能提供电化学信号,可用于与待测物的电子传递,电子捕获,判定某化学反应是否发生.功能化金纳米修饰电极检测待测物,具有灵敏度高、检测限低及长久使用的优势.我们就功能化金纳米修饰电极自组装制备、电化学表征方法及其在固定化酶生物传感器方面的应用研究,进行综述报道. 相似文献
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磁性纳米氮化铝颗粒固定化β-葡萄糖苷酶的性质 总被引:1,自引:0,他引:1
以戊二醛为交联剂,研究了磁性纳米氮化铝颗粒固定化β-葡萄糖苷酶的条件及固定化酶的结构特征,并考察了固定化酶的某些酶学性质.结果表明,在4.5 ml磁性纳米氮化铝颗粒悬液(100 mg/ml)中加入0.5 ml戊二醛溶液(2%)超声波分散后,加入5 ml β-葡萄糖苷酶溶液(50 mg/ml),于20℃,pH 5.0和100 r/min条件下固载3.5 h,酶蛋白和酶活回收率分别为82.6%和78.4%.固定化β-葡萄糖苷酶的结构松散,不改变酶的结构特征.与游离酶相比,固定化酶对对硝基苯基-β-D-葡萄糖苷水解反应的最佳反应温度有所降低,最佳反应pH值有所升高,而米氏常数Km值有所增大,且具有良好的贮存稳定性和操作稳定性,表明磁性纳米氮化铝颗粒适合作为β-葡萄糖苷酶的固定化载体. 相似文献
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将3-(2,3-环氧丙基氧)丙基三甲氧基硅烷与经酸处理过的硅胶反应,制得3-(2,3-环氧丙基氧)丙基硅胶,每克硅胶上含3-(2,3-环氧丙基氧)丙基1.32mmol。以-(2,3-环氧丙基氧)硅胶为载体进行了脂肪酶的固定化,在固定化反应中,反应液中的酶仍保持着较高的活性,能回收循环使用。 相似文献
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溶解性可调节的酶载体制备和固定化酶的研究 总被引:5,自引:0,他引:5
本文利用自由基沉淀聚合反应,合成了甲基丙烯酸-丙烯酰胺-顺丁烯二酸酐三元共聚物,测定了这些共聚物形成水不溶性的大分子氢键复合物的临界pH值.利用共聚物上的酸酐基团,直接进行了木瓜蛋白酶的固定化,得到了具有液相酶与固相酶两者优点的新型修饰酶。 相似文献
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A green approach is reported for the synthesis of cysteine-functionalized zinc oxide nanoparticles using potato extract as a nontoxic and economical reducing agent. The cysteine-functionalized nanoparticles were used as a support for enzyme immobilization. The structural morphology, crystallinity, and surface functionalization were characterized by scanning electron microscopy, X-ray diffraction, and infrared spectroscopy, respectively. Spherical nanoparticles from 150 to 200?nm were used to evaluate the immobilization efficiency for urease through covalent attachment on the glutaraldehyde-activated amino group of cysteine. In comparison to the unmodified nanoparticles, 62.9% enzyme loading with 72.45% of enzyme specific activity was recovered which was 56% higher than on bare zinc oxide nanoparticles. The point of addition of cysteine during the nanoparticle synthesis had a direct effect on the immobilization efficiency. The immobilized enzyme-specific activity was reduced to 34.32% when cysteine was added following the nanoparticle synthesis. With a facile synthesis procedure and significant immobilization efficiency, cysteine-functionalized zinc oxide nanoparticles were shown to be suitable for various clinical and industrial applications. 相似文献
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Jie Zhu Huixiang Wang Lei Liao Lingzhi Zhao Liang Zhou Meihua Yu Prof. Yunhua Wang Prof. Baohong Liu Prof. Chengzhong Yu 《化学:亚洲杂志》2011,6(9):2332-2338
Small mesoporous silica nanoparticles (MSNs; ca. 37 nm in diameter) have a high loading capacity for a hydrophobic photosensitizer, SiPcCl2 (82.6 % in weight), and excellent endocytosis properties. As a result, the amount of SiPcCl2 being delivered to cancer cells is increased by approximately two orders of magnitude compared to pure SiPcCl2 at the same dosage, and the photodynamic therapy (PDT) efficiency is enhanced by over fourfold. Our method can be widely used to increase the dosage of hydrophobic anti‐cancer drugs in cancer cells and therefore increase the cytotoxicity of the drugs. 相似文献
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硅壳纳米颗粒对COS-7细胞的生物效应 总被引:1,自引:0,他引:1
从硅壳纳米颗粒对细胞存活率、细胞周期及细胞生长曲线的影响等方面系统地考察了包裹RuBpy染料的硅壳荧光纳米颗粒(FSiNPs)对美洲绿猴肾细胞(COS-7)的生物效应. 结果表明, FSiNPs对COS-7细胞的影响是浓度依赖性的, 低浓度(<0.2 μg/μL)的FSiNPs对细胞的存活率、细胞周期及整个生长过程均无负面影响, 但随着与COS-7细胞作用的FSiNPs浓度的增大, FSiNPs对COS-7细胞的毒性也逐渐增大, 尤其是对细胞周期及细胞生长曲线的影响更为敏感. 同时, 利用FSiNPs的荧光信号同步指示作用, 考察了COS-7细胞对FSiNPs的吞噬作用, 发现 FSiNPs通过细胞膜的吞噬作用随机地进入到细胞内, 一部分FSiNPs被细胞当成异物外排到细胞培养基中, 另一部分则进入到下一代细胞中. 随着细胞传代次数的增多和新生胞质的产生, FSiNPs在细胞内的含量逐渐减少, 最后消失. 在这一过程中, 细胞的形态和生长状况依然良好. 上述研究结果有望为FSiNPs在细胞生物学的研究和应用提供一定的安全标准, 并为开展基于新型纳米颗粒的纳米颗粒器件的研究与应用打下了基础. 相似文献
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A General Strategy for Site‐Directed Enzyme Immobilization by Using NiO Nanoparticle Decorated Mesoporous Silica 下载免费PDF全文
Dr. Daishun Ling Dr. Liqian Gao Dr. Jianpeng Wang Mohammadreza Shokouhimehr Jiahui Liu Yongsheng Yu Dr. Michael J. Hackett Dr. Pui‐Kin So Dr. Bo Zheng Prof. Zhongping Yao Prof. Jiang Xia Prof. Taeghwan Hyeon 《Chemistry (Weinheim an der Bergstrasse, Germany)》2014,20(26):7916-7921
Mesoporous materials have recently gained much attention owing to their large surface area, narrow pore size distribution, and superior pore structure. These materials have been demonstrated as excellent solid supports for immobilization of a variety of proteins and enzymes for their potential applications as biocatalysts in the chemical and pharmaceutical industries. However, the lack of efficient and reproducible methods for immobilization has limited the activity and recyclability of these biocatalysts. Furthermore, the biocatalysts are usually not robust owing to their rapid denaturation in bulk solvents. To solve these problems, we designed a novel hybrid material system, mesoporous silica immobilized with NiO nanoparticles (SBA‐NiO), wherein enzyme immobilization is directed to specific sites on the pore surface of the material. This yielded the biocatalytic species with higher activity than free enzyme in solution. These biocatalytic species are recyclable with minimal loss of activity after several cycles, demonstrating an advantage over free enzymes. 相似文献
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生物荧光氧化硅纳米颗粒的研制与应用 总被引:3,自引:0,他引:3
运用OP-10(壬基酚聚氧乙烯醚)/环己烷/氨水微乳液自组装体系合成了罗丹明B嵌入的荧光氧化硅纳米颗粒.通过电镜检测、光谱分析以及荧光猝灭试验研究了荧光颗粒的特性.将荧光纳米颗粒与培养细胞共培育后,通过激光扫描共聚焦显微镜和流式细胞仪研究了不同时间点细胞内荧光信号和荧光强度.结果表明,合成的荧光氧化硅纳米颗粒粒径小(约20 nm),分布均匀,形态规则,表面光滑圆润,发光性质稳定.它可被体外培养细胞有效摄入,并可在培养细胞中检测到较强的荧光信号和较高的荧光强度.这提示生物荧光氧化硅纳米颗粒在细胞生物学、超微化学与免疫检测等领域将具有重要应用前景. 相似文献
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《Analytical letters》2012,45(5):849-865
Abstract In this paper we report on the construction principle and performance of an amperometric 3-enzyme sensor for sucrose based on crystalline bacterial cell surface layers (S-layers) as immobilization matrix for the biological components. Isoporous, crystalline surface layers (S-layers) have been identified as outermost cell envelope layer in many bacteria. Since they are composed of identical protein or glycoprotein subunits with functional groups in well defined positions and orientations, they represent ideal matrices for the controlled and reproducible immobilization of functional macromolecules, as required for the development of biosensors. Apart from single enzyme sensors, which were described earlier, a strikingly simple method for the assembly and optimization of multistep systems was developed. For the fabrication of an amperometric sucrose sensor invertase, mutarotase and glucose oxidase were individually immobilized on S-layer fragments isolated from Clostridium thermohydrosulfuricum L111-69 via aspartic acid as spacer molecules. Subsequently, appropriate mixtures of enzyme loaded S-layer fragments were deposited on a microfiltration membrane and finally, the composite multifunctional sensing layer was sputtered with gold in order to establish a good metal contact. Amperometric sucrose measurements based on H2O2 oxidation revealed a high signal level (1 μA?1/cm2?mmol sucrose), 5 min response time and a linear range up to 30 mM sucrose as the main characteristics of the S-layer sucrose sensor. 相似文献
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在分散体系中,两种功能性硅烷,甲基丙烯酰氧丙基三甲基硅烷(MPTES)和氨丙基三甲基硅烷(APTES)在纳米氧化硅表面形成自组装单分子层,用XPS 和FTIR对所得自组装单分子层进行了表征.元素分析结果表明,所得功能性纳米氧化硅中的功能基含量分别为1.03 mmol/g甲基丙烯酰氧基/丙烯酰氧丙基纳米氧化硅(MPSN)和3.34 mmol/g氨基/氨丙基纳米氧化硅(APSN).LSS 分析结果表明,未修饰纳米氧化硅、 MPSN和APSN在甲苯分散体系中的平均流体力学直径大约分别为240、 45和560 nm. 相似文献