壳聚糖微图形的制备及表征

通过微转移模塑法, 在硅片表面制备了圆形点阵、 方形点阵、 沟槽和波浪等4种形貌的壳聚糖(CS)微图形. CS微图形清晰规整, 成型效果良好. 成骨细胞在圆形点阵和方形点阵上借助伪足多攀附于点阵凸起处. 点阵图形对细胞增殖和分化无影响. 在沟槽和波浪微图形中, 成骨细胞大多被限制在沟区, 且沿着沟槽方向伸展. 沟槽和波浪微图形不利于细胞分化, 但能促进细胞增殖.     

高度有序氧化钨纳米棒的制备和表征

采用直流磁控溅射法结合阳极氧化法在铝基纳米点阵上制备氧化钨(WO3)纳米棒. 运用原子力学显微镜(AFM), 电子扫描显微镜(SEM), X射线衍射仪(XRD), 电化学工作站(EW)和紫外-可见分光光度计(UV)观察表征了WO3纳米棒的表面形貌、结构、光学性能和电致变色性能. 结果表明: 在溅射过程中, 溅射粒子优先沉积于铝基纳米点阵的凸点上, 然后成核并形成棒状; WO3纳米棒的直径约为200 nm, 与铝基纳米点阵的直径一致, 拥有一定的电致变色性能.     

方差-范围函数法求低密度聚乙烯/乙烯-丙烯-辛烯-1共聚物的共混体系次晶结构

将方差-范围函数法应用于共混体系中,求得了LDPE/EPO共混体系的(110)和(200)晶面的微晶大小和点阵畸变参数.微晶大小和点阵畸变参数值随EPO组份含量的增加基本呈下降趋势.     

矾石矿中物相的研究

本文,对平阳和卢江矾石矿中的各个物相进行分离、鉴定并对它们的分布情况进行了研究.矾石矿中主要的物相为α-石英、赤铁矿和明矾石物相(K,Na)Al_3(SO_4)_2(OH)_6,后者为混晶体物相.显微照相指出,矿石中的明矾石物相为一连续的物相,而α-石英和赤铁矿则夹杂其中. 为了进一步阐明明矾石物相,曾对钠明矾石的点阵常数和结构参数进行了测定,并对矾石中钾、钠离子的配位情况进行了比较.根据点阵常数,对矿石中明矾石物相的含钠率进行了推算.     

镁合金表面微结构阵列的电化学微加工

研究了镁合金的约束刻蚀微加工方法. 通过对电解过程中电极表面氢离子浓度变化以及刻蚀体系对镁合金的腐蚀速率的测量与分析, 对一些可能有刻蚀作用的刻蚀体系进行了研究. 选用亚硝酸钠作为产生刻蚀剂(硝酸)的前驱体、氢氧化钠作为捕捉剂、少量硅酸钠作为缓蚀剂的约束刻蚀体系, 使用具有规整三维微立方体点阵结构的模板, 在金属镁表面加工出具有与模板互补特性的点阵微结构, 复制加工的分辨率为亚微米级. 并对刻蚀过程机理进行了探讨与分析.     

高灵敏纳米金比色芯片检测乙型肝炎病毒DNA及其变异

构建了新型纳米金比色芯片,利用Taq DNA连接酶的连接特异性,将其与乙型肝炎病毒DNA( HBV-DNA)靶序列完全互补杂交的捕获探针(固定在芯片上)和纳米金修饰的探针连接成一条链,从而将纳米金颗粒固定到芯片点阵上,再通过银染反应放大,形成裸眼可见的显色信息.通过点阵的位置及灰度,即可判断HBV-DNA靶序列的单碱基突变,并得出相对定量信息.本实验对不同浓度的HBV-DNA靶序列进行了检测.结果显示:此技术对单碱基突变有很强的特异性识别能力,并且具有较高的灵敏度(约10 pmol/L),在10～100 pmol/L浓度范围内表现出较好的线性关系.该技术检测时间短(＜1 h)、操作简单、不需要特殊的检测设备,具有很好的临床应用前景.     

晶胞点阵参数的精确测定

介绍了晶胞点阵参数精确测定的方法 ,并精确测定了铝板的精胞点阵参数。     

固相氯化法氯化聚乙烯晶粒尺寸的X射线衍射研究

晶粒尺寸的测定常用付里叶变换法^[1]和积分宽度法^[2],这两种方法都要求样品相应于某个晶面至少存在三个级别的衍射峰,而对聚合物来说,观察到高级衍射峰的情况是很少见的.方差函数法不要求样品存在三个级别的衍射峰,而且方法简单,曾广泛用于金属材料晶粒尺寸和点阵畸变的测定^[3-5],但在聚合物材料中的应用甚少^[6].本文采用方差函数法对固相氯化法氯化聚乙烯(CPE)和原料聚乙烯(PE)的晶粒尺寸和点阵畸变参数进行了研究,得到了较为满意的结果.     

新型混价稀土氟化物KEuLaF~6: 结构设计和碱金属还原法相结合的新产品

用钾还原Eu_(0.5)La_(0.5)F_3合成了KEuLaF_6,新化合物属于UCl_3的填隙结构,gagarinite和NaNdF_4的相关型,空间群P(?),三方晶系,点阵参数:a=646.8(6),c=373.9(4)pm,c/a=0.578,V=135.47·10~6(12)pm~3,D_(pyc)=5.37,D_x=5.44g·cm~-3,Z=1.新化合物在空气中稳定,不溶于水.还报道新化合物的荧光图谱和红外图谱.     

衬底温度对全氟取代酞菁锌固体薄膜微结构的影响

用UV-Vis光谱、X射线衍射(XRD)和原子力显微镜(AFM)对全氟取代酞菁锌(F₁₆PcZn)在不同温度下的石英衬底上的分子堆砌方式进行了研究,F₁₆PcZn分子沉积按3个阶段进行.首先通过F^-原子与石英衬底的强相互作用形成“card-packing”奠基层,进而形成“amorphousaccumulation”过渡层,最后形成有序的“brick-stacking”结晶层.三种分子堆砌方式对应的吸收光谱谱峰分别出现在640,670和810nm附近.810nm附近吸收峰形状的变化说明衬底温度升高有利于“brick-stacking”堆砌方式的实现,AFM观察的结果证实衬底温度升高使结晶微畴增大.常温下结晶层中分子以单斜点阵平行排列,点阵常数a为1.494nm,在250～300℃下分子发生位型微调,F₁₆PcZn分子采取更致密的堆积方式(a=1.428nm).     

波长型SPR检测仪的灵敏度探讨

利用自行设计构建的可变入射角的波长型表面等离子体共振(SPR)检测仪, 在不同浓度的蔗糖溶液中测定了不同入射角度(80°~66°)的共振曲线, 经过处理得到共振峰位、半高宽及灵敏度随入射角和样品折射率变化的三维图像. 在此基础上探讨了波长型SPR检测仪的主要参数对仪器性能的影响, 从理论和实验上证明了影响灵敏度的主要因素为共振波长, 并且随着共振波长的增大, 检测灵敏度迅速提高.     

Photonic printing through the orientational tuning of photonic structures and its application to anticounterfeiting labels

A novel photonic printing technique based on the orientational tuning of photonic structures is developed. In the printing process, the θ-contrast pattern is produced by magnetic alignment, orientational tuning, and lithographical photopolymerization. Labels printed with two mirror-symmetric or multiple axially symmetric photonic orientations show a switchable color distribution or dynamic color halo when the angle of incident light changes or samples are tilted. This printing method is capable of fabricating colorimetric or invisible codes, which can be decoded by visual observation or a spectrometer.     

基于色相算法的表面等离子体共振成像传感器对苯并芘的敏感特性

报道了一种用于原位探测水中苯并芘的彩色表面等离子体共振成像(SPRI)传感器,该传感器既能提供直观的图像信息,又能借助色相算法定量分析待测物质的浓度及其吸附/脱附过程。首先利用自制的波长-图像同步检测型SPR传感器测试了裸金薄膜芯片在不同入射角下的共振波长和共振图像,然后利用色相算法建立了SPR共振波长与图像色相的依赖关系,基于该依赖关系获得了SPR传感器最佳色相灵敏度对应的起始共振波长约为650 nm;另一方面,制备了聚四氟乙烯涂覆的SPR传感芯片,基于聚四氟乙烯膜对水中苯并芘的可逆富集作用实现了苯并芘的原位快速探测。实验取得以下4个结果:(1)在20-100 nmol?L-1浓度范围内彩色SPR图像的平均色相值随着苯并芘浓度的升高线性减小;(2)对100 nmol?L-1的苯并芘的响应和恢复时间分别约为7和5 s;(3)由于聚四氟乙烯膜的厚度大于SPR消逝场穿透深度,检测结果不受溶液折射率影响;(4)在聚四氟乙烯敏感膜厚度较小且不均匀的情况下,传感器容许获取敏感膜的不同厚度区域对苯并芘的色相灵敏度。实验结果有力地证明了这种彩色SPR图像传感器在生化物质检测中具有良好的应用前景。     

Coherent forward scattering (CFS) resonance monochromator in Voigt configuration

A coherent forward scattering (CFS) resonance monochromator in Voigt configuration was constructed and the features were examined. Atomic vapour for the CFS resonance monochromator was produced by cathodic sputtering in an Ar gas discharge. Linear relationships between the intensities of incident atomic resonance lines and the CFS signals (Cu, Zn, Fe, Ni, Sn) were obtained. The desired atomic resonance lines could be isolated by the CFS resonance monochromator.     

Isotope determination of lead and bismuth by pulsed laser evaporation and resonance ionization time-of-flight mass spectrometry

Pulsed laser evaporation coupled with resonance ionization time-of-flight mass spectrometry has been used to measure the isotopic abundance of lead and bismuth. A pulsed Nd:YAG laser was used to evaporate the metal atoms, the evaporated atoms were then detected by one color two photon resonance ionization and time-of-flight mass spectrometry. The arrival time distributions of atoms evaporated by pulsed laser, and the isotopic abundances of Pb and Bi were measured. Our results show that this method is good enough for measuring the isotopic abundances of Pb and Bi with high sensitivity and selectivity.     

Determination of small amounts of some sulfonamide drugs by resonance raman spectrometry

Resonance Raman spectrometric determinations of eight sulfonamide drugs are discussed. All the samples were colorless and exhibited no resonance Raman effect with argon ion laser excitation. After conversion to colored derivatives by diazotization and coupling reactions of the aromatic primary amine moiety, the sulfonamides could be determined from their resonance Raman spectra; the detection limits were about 2 × 10^-3 M. However, the method cannot be used for identification of the individual drugs because the spectra obtained exhibited exactly the same spectral features. In order to obtain characteristic spectra, color development for the R—NH₂ molecule produced by hydrolysis of the sulfonamide with hydrochloric acid was examined. Three of the samples tested (sulfathiazole, sulfisoxazole and sulfisomezole) gave colored derivatives by a common chemical reaction system; the resonance Raman spectra then obtained exhibited characteristic spectral patterns.     

Change Color Effect and Spectral Properties of Gold Nanoparticle-cationic Surfactants System

The change color effect of gold nanoparticle solutions was studied by means of resonance scattering and absorption spectrometry and scan electron microscopy. The red Au nanoparticles with a size of 10 nm exhibit a resonance absorption peak and a resonance scattering peak all at 525 nm. After some inorganic electrolyte was added to a red Au nanoparticles solution, the color of the solution became blue and the absorbance at 600-700 nm was significantly increased. The ratio of the concentration of rnonovalent cations, at which the resonance scattering of the system at 525 nm is maximal to that of divalent cations, is in the range of 100 : 1--100 ; 1. 8. It is in good agreement with the Schulze-Hardy rule of the coagulation value of electrolyte. After adding some cationic surfactants to the above solution, the color of the solution is in deep blue, with two resonance absorption peaks at 550 and 680 nm, and a greatly enhanced resonance scattering peak at 525 nm. The experiments demonstrate that the stronger the hydrophobicity of the cationic surfactant is, the stronger the change color effect of the Au nanoparticle solution promoted by cationic surfactant is. The change color effect of Au nanoparticle solution is resulted from the increased diameter of Au nanoparticles, and the changes of resonance absorotion DeaR and resonance scattering.     

Theory of the time and frequency dependence of near-resonant raman scattering and quantum beats

A calculation of the time dependence of light scattering from an atom or molecules yields a continuous transition from fast Raman scattering to resonance fluorescence in agreement with recent experiments. If the resonant excited state has two or more nearby levels, “quantum beats” may be observed. These quantum beats are present even if the incident light is tuned off resonance.     

Microwave Synthesis of Au Nanoparticles with the System of AuCl_4-CH_3CH_2OH

Au nanoparticles attract keen research efforts due to their unique optical electronic properties1,2. The preparation of nanoparticles has important significance in nanochemistry, material science, physics and life science3. The technique of microwave has been paid attention by the researchers of chemistry, physics, and materials4-6. But the liquid preparation of Au nanoparticles with both microwave high-pressure and reducing agent of alcohol has not been reported to date. As the HAuCl_4-CH_…     

聚丙烯酰胺存在下微波高压合成银纳米粒子及其光谱特性

以聚丙烯酰胺为还原剂和稳定剂 ,采用微波高压液相合成法制备了黄色银纳米粒子。用吸收光谱和共振散射光谱研究了其制备条件的影响。在 4 2 1.6nm处产生最大吸收峰 ,在 4 70nm处产生一个最强共振散射峰。实验表明 :该法制备的银纳米粒子粒径均匀 ,平均粒径为 6 6nm ,其稳定性和分散性较好 ,合成方法简便、快捷。