A decomposition theorem form-convex sets

LetS be a closedm-convex subset of the plane,m≧2,Q the set of points of local nonconvexity ofS, with convQ ⊆S. If there is some pointp in [(bdryS) ∩ (kerS)] ∼Q, thenS is a union ofm−1 closed convex sets. The result is best possible for everym.     

AnR danalogue of Valentine’s theorem on 3-convex sets

This paper deals with anR ^danalogue of a theorem of Valentine which states that a closed 3-convex setS in the plane is decomposable into 3 or fewer closed convex sets. In Valentine’s proof, the points of local nonconvexity ofS are treated as vertices of a polygonP contained in the kernel ofS, yielding a decomposition ofS into 2 or 3 convex sets, depending on whetherP has an even or odd number of edges. Thus the decomposition actually depends onc(P′), the chromatic number of the polytopeP′ dual toP. A natural analogue of this result is the following theorem: LetS be a closed subset ofR ^d, and letQ denote the set of points of local nonconvexity ofS. We require thatQ be contained in the kernel ofS and thatQ coincide with the set of points in the union of all the (d − 2)-dimensional faces of somed-dimensional polytopeP. ThenS is decomposable intoc(P′) closed convex sets.     

Essential and inessential points of local nonconvexity

LetS be a closed connected subset of a Hausdorff linear topological space,Q the points of local nonconvexity ofS, E the essential members ofQ, N the inessential. IfS～Q is connected, then the following are true: Theorem 1.If Q ?Øis countable, then S is planar. Theorem 2.If Q is finite and nonempty, then cardE≧cardN+1. Theorem 3.If SυR ² and N is infinite, then E is infinite.     

P.I.G-rings and the contractability of primes

LetR=F{x ₁, …, x_k} be a prime affine p.i. ring andS a multiplicative closed set in the center ofR, Z(R). The structure ofG-rings of the formR _s is completely determined. In particular it is proved thatZ(R _s)—the normalization ofZ(R _s) —is a prüfer ring, 1≦k.d(R _s)≦p.i.d(R _s) and the inequalities can be strict. We also obtain a related result concerning the contractability ofq, a prime ideal ofZ(R) fromR. More precisely, letQ be a prime ideal ofR maximal to satisfyQϒZ(R)=q. Then k.dZ(R)/q=k.dR/Q, h(q)=h(Q) andh(q)+k.dZ(R)/q=k.dz(R). The last condition is a necessary butnot sufficient condition for contractability ofq fromR.     

Families of finite sets with three intersections

LetX be a finite set ofn elements and ℓ a family ofk-subsets ofX. Suppose that for a given setL of non-negative integers all the pairwise intersections of members of ℓ have cardinality belonging toL. Letm(n, k, L) denote the maximum possible cardinality of ℓ. This function was investigated by many authors, but to determine its exact value or even its correct order of magnitude appears to be hopeless. In this paper we investigate the case |L|=3. We give necessary and sufficient conditions form(n, k, L)=O(n) andm(n, k, L)≧O(n ²), and show that in some casesm(n, k, L)=O(n ^3/2), which is quite surprising.     

Polynomial preserving maps on certain Jordan algebras

LetB andQ be associative algebras and letS be a Jordan subalgebra ofB. Letf(x ₁,…,x _m ) be a (noncommutative) multilinear polynomial such thatS is closed underf. Letα:S→Q be anf-homomorphism in the sense that it is a linear map preservingf. Under suitable conditions it is shown thatα is essentially given by a ring homomorphism. An analogous theorem forf-derivations is also proved. The proofs rest heavily on results concerning functional identities andd-freeness. The second author was partially supported by a grant from the Ministry of Science of Slovenia.     

On completely reducible solvable subgroups of GL(n, Δ)

Let Δ be a finite field and denote by GL(n, Δ) the group ofn×n nonsingular matrices defined over Δ. LetR⊆GL(n, Δ) be a solvable, completely reducible subgroup of maximal order. For |Δ|≧2, |Δ|≠3 we give bounds for |R| which improve previous ones. Moreover for |Δ|=3 or |Δ|>13 we determine the structure ofR, in particular we show thatR is unique, up to conjugacy. This work is part of a Ph.D. thesis done at the Hebrew University under the supervision of Professor A. Mann.     

Convexity and a certain propertyP m

The propertyP _m (directly analogous to Valentine’s propertyP ₃) is used to prove several curious results concerning subsets of a topological linear space, among them the following: (a) If a closed setS has propertyP _m and containsk points of local nonconvexity no distinct pair of which can see each other viaS, thenS is the union ofm − k − 1 or fewer starshaped sets. (b) Any closed connected set with propertyP _m is polygonally connected. (c) A closed connected setS with propertyP _m is anL _m−1 set (each pair of points may be joined by a polygonal arc ofm − 1 of fewer sides inS). (d) A finite-dimensional set with propertyP _m is anL _{2m − 3} set. A new proof of Tietze’s theorem on locally convex sets is given, and various examples refute certain plausible conjectures.     

On conditional edge-connectivity of graphs

1. IntroductionIn this paper, a graph G ~ (V,E) always means a simple graph (without loops andmultiple edges) with the vertex-set V and the edge-set E. We follow [1] for graph-theoreticalterllilnology and notation not defined here.It is well known that when the underlying topology of a computer interconnectionnetwork is modeled by a graph G, the edge-connectivity A(G) of G is an important measurefor fault-tolerance of the network. However, it has many deficiencies (see [2]). MotiVatedby t…     

Conjecture of Li and Praeger concerning the isomorphisms of Cayley graphs of A5

LetG be a finite group, andS a subset ofG \ |1| withS =S ⁻¹. We useX = Cay(G,S) to denote the Cayley graph ofG with respect toS. We callS a Cl-subset ofG, if for any isomorphism Cay(G,S) ≈ Cay(G,T) there is an α∈ Aut(G) such thatS ^α =T. Assume that m is a positive integer.G is called anm-Cl-group if every subsetS ofG withS =S ⁻¹ and | S | ≤m is Cl. In this paper we prove that the alternating groupA ₅ is a 4-Cl-group, which was a conjecture posed by Li and Praeger.     

NON-EMPTY CROSS-2-INTERSECTING FAMILIES OF SUBSETS

Let Cdenote the set of all k-subests of an n-set.Assume Alohtain in Ca,and A lohtain in (A,B) is called a cross-2-intersecting family if |A B≥2 for and A∈A,B∈B.In this paper,the best upper bounds of the cardinalities for non-empty cross-2-intersecting familles of a-and b-subsets are obtained for some a and b,A new proof for a Frankl-Tokushige theorem[6] is also given.     

An embedding theorem for finite planar spaces

LetS be a finite planar space such that any two distinct planes intersect in a line. We show thatk≤n ²+1 for anyk-cap ofS, wheren is the order ofS. Moreover, if a (n ²+1)-cap exists inS, a necessary and sufficient condition is provided forS to be embeddable in a 3-dimensional projective space. Work supported by the National Research Project “Strutture geometriche, Combinatoria e loro applicazioni” of the italian M.U.R.S.T.     

A family of counterexamples in ergodic theory

LetT _α be the translationx↦x+α (mod 1) of [0, 1), α irrational. LetT be the Lebesgue measure-preserving automorphism ofX=[0, 3/2) defined byTx = x + 1 forx∈[0, 1/2),Tx=T _α(x−1) forx∈[1,3/2) andTx = T _α x forx∈[1/2, 1), i.e.T isT _α with a tower of height one built over [0, 1/2). If α is poorly approximable by rationals (there does not exist {p _n /q _n } with |α−p _n /q _n |=o(q _n ⁻²)) and λ is a measure onX ^k all of whose one-dimensional marginals are Lebesgue and which is ⊗ _{i − 1} ^k T ¹ invariant and ergodic (l>0) then λ is a product of off-diagonal measures. This property suffices for many purposes of counterexample construction. A connection is established with the POD (proximal orbit dense) condition in topological dynamics. Research supported in part by NSF contract MCS-8003038.     

On the index of approximating sets of periodic points

Summary LetK be a compact space andf:K→K a continuous map without fixed points, i.e. Fixf=⊘. For prime numbersp, the sets Fixf ^p are freeℤ/p-spaces with theℤ/p-action induced byf. Our aim is to estimate the topological indicesi(F _p,f) of invariant subsetsF _p⊂Fixf ^p approximating a givenS⊂K. We construct an example (K,f,S) withS⊂Fixf ^q (q being some prime number) such that, for each neighborhoodU ofS, i (Fix (f|u) ^p, f) increases linearly withp. This article was processed by the author using the L^AT_EX style filecljour1 from Springer-Verlag.     

Bicolored Matchings in Some Classes of Graphs

We consider the problem of finding in a graph a set R of edges to be colored in red so that there are maximum matchings having some prescribed numbers of red edges. For regular bipartite graphs with n nodes on each side, we give sufficient conditions for the existence of a set R with |R|=n+1 such that perfect matchings with k red edges exist for all k,0≤k≤n. Given two integers p<q we also determine the minimum cardinality of a set R of red edges such that there are perfect matchings with p red edges and with q red edges. For 3-regular bipartite graphs, we show that if p≤4 there is a set R with |R|=p for which perfect matchings M_k exist with |M_k∩R|≤k for all k≤p. For trees we design a linear time algorithm to determine a minimum set R of red edges such that there exist maximum matchings with k red edges for the largest possible number of values of k.     

Comportement moyen du cardinal de certains ensembles de facteurs premiers

Letn be a positive integer andS _n a particular set of prime divisors ofn. We establish the average order off(n) wheref(n) stands for the cardinality ofS _n . Thek-ary,k-free, semi-k-ary prime factors ofn are some of the classes of prime divisors studied in this paper.

     

The number of extreme triples of a planar point set

An extreme triple or 3-set of a finite setS in the plane is a subset ofS of size 3 of the formS∩h, for some half-planeh. We establish an upper bound [11n/6]+1 for the number of extreme triples of anyS with |S|=n≥10. This almost matches the known lower bound [11n/6]. This research was supported by the National Science Foundation under Grant CCR-9118874.     

Counterexamples to the Kneser conjecture in dimension four

We construct a connected closed orientable smooth four-manifold whose fundamental group is the free product of two non-trivial groups such that it is not homotopy equivalent toM ₀#M ₁ unlessM ₀ orM ₁ is homeomorphic toS ⁴. LetN be the nucleus of the minimal elliptic Enrique surfaceV ₁(2, 2) and putM=N∪ _∂NN. The fundamental group ofM splits as ℤ/2 * ℤ/2. We prove thatM#k(S ²×S²) is diffeomorphic toM ₀#M ₁ for non-simply connected closed smooth four-manifoldsM ₀ andM ₁ if and only ifk≥8. On the other hand we show thatM is homeomorphic toM ₀#M ₁ for closed topological four-manifoldsM ₀ andM ₁ withπ ₁(M_i)=ℤ/2.     

On the commutant of certain multiplication operators on spaces of analytic functions

Let ℬ be a Banach space of analytic functions defined on the open unit disk. We characterize the commutant ofM _Z ² (the operator of multiplication by the square of independent variable defined on ℬ) and show that for an operatorS in the commutantM _Z ² ifSM _Z ^2k+1−M _Z ^2k+1 S is compact for some nonnegative integerk, thenS=M _ϕ whereϕ is a multiplier of ℬ. Letn be a positive integer andS be an operator in the commutant ofM _Z ⁿ defined on a functional Hilbert spaces of analytic functions. We show that under certain conditionsS has the formM _ϕ. Research supported by the Shiraz University Grant 78-SC-1188-657.     

Farthest points of sets in uniformly convex banach spaces

LetS be a closed and bounded set in a uniformly convex Banach spaceX. It is shown that the set of all points inX which have a farthest point inS is dense. Letb(S) denote the set of all farthest points ofS, then a sufficient condition for to hold is thatX have the following property (I): Every closed and bounded convex set is the intersection of a family of closed balls.