基于恒星辐射稳定性的全天空极光成像仪辐射定标方法

全天空极光成像仪是一种重要的地基极光观测设备,对全天空成像仪进行辐射参数定标能够获得全天空图像中极光结构在不同观测谱线上的真实激发强度,这对于空间物理过程的定量研究有着重要的意义。受到极区观测台站的条件限制,许多全天空极光成像仪无法在观测现场进行辐射参数定标。为此,提出一种基于恒星辐射稳定性对全天空成像仪进行辐射参数定标的方法,把恒星作为"虚拟标准光源",利用全天空成像仪获取的星空图进行辐射定标,最终确定辐射强度-图像数值之间的辐射参数。利用更多的恒星亮度作为参考标准,以及电离层卫星探测到的极光沉降电子数据,结合GLOW模型计算的极光激发强度作为参考标准,对定标结果进行了两种不同方法的验证。结果显示,在恒星亮度验证中,恒星亮度偏差最大值为12.22%,平均偏差为4.624%;在卫星沉降粒子验证中,利用模型计算出的极光弧峰值强度与全天空观测获得极光弧峰值强度偏差最大值为11.30%,平均偏差为5.603%。两种验证结果相近,这表明本文所提定标方法是有效和可信的。     

高功率电磁脉冲对砷化镓金属半导体场效应管的影响

 采用时域有限差分方法，通过求解麦克斯韦方程、热传导方程和载流子方程，模拟了在电磁脉冲辐射下，场效应管器件温度和端口散射参数的变化过程。研究了不同幅度脉冲序列和上升沿不同的脉冲对砷化镓金属半导体场效应管的影响，对比了各种不同脉冲作用下场效应管性能的变化规律。该方法克服了传统电路模型无法模拟电磁波与器件内部活动粒子作用过程的缺点，可以直接模拟器件温度和散射参数在高功率电磁脉冲辐射下的时域变化过程。     

闪耀光栅的二元近似结构

摘要利用闪耀光栅的特点可制作高效的波导耦合器。采用时域有限差分法(FDTD)方法，模拟计算了二元闪耀光栅的一阶衍射效率和衍射角随光栅不同结构参数而变化的相关特征，所得结果对实际二元闪耀光栅的制备有重要参考价值。     

介电材料参数测量中的时域新方法

本文介绍了一种电介质谱研究中的时域新方法及其测量原理和解谱过程，并给出了三种常用电容器介质的时域测量结果。     

自适应算法在极光系统参数估算中的应用

讨论带参数的自适应时域方法计算极光系统的参数,以一个有理形式函数模型来代表系统函数,采用可以在线实时应用的递推自适应算法来确定该模型的参数。利用这种方法处理测量所得的极光亮度数据,现用互谱方法计算的氧原子「ＯＩ３２」跃迁时Ｏ（＾１Ｓ）态的平均有效寿命符合得很好。     

基于太赫兹时域光谱技术的光学参数提取方法的研究进展

光学参数是宏观上表征材料光学性质的物理量,间接反映了材料的微观特性,对光学参数准确的提取可以研究材料的微观性质和机理。近年来,太赫兹时域光谱技术作为一种新兴的光谱分析手段已经成为研究的热点。由于太赫兹辐射能量低并且脉冲宽度窄(皮秒量级),太赫兹时域光谱技术在提取光学参数方面具有无损伤和高时间分辨率的特点。本文总结了基于太赫兹透射和反射时域光谱技术的光学参数提取方法的研究进展,着重阐述了几种经典方法,分析了每种方法的优缺点,并讨论了太赫兹时域光谱技术用于提取材料光学参数的挑战。研究结果表明,透射法适用于对太赫兹波吸收较弱的物质,而反射法则适用于对太赫兹波有强烈吸收的材料。     

固体中脉冲激光激发声表面波的理论研究

本文运用本征函数展开的方法对固体材料中脉冲激光激发的声表面波进行了理论研究，在考虑热弹激发的条件下，利用三维的轴对称模型，得到了脉冲激光光源的脉冲宽度以及聚焦半径对固体材料中声表面波信号的时域及频域的影响，对进行超短脉冲激光激发超声的研究具有指导意义。     

玉米油光学参数的太赫兹波精确测定研究

利用太赫兹电磁波时域光谱（THz-TDS）技术对玉米油进行了测量.考虑容器对参数测量的影响,使用传输函数逼近方法来计算分析玉米油的折射率、吸收系数等重要的光学参数.与传统的太赫兹电磁波数值计算方法比较,传输函数逼近方法在分析玉米油的光学参数方面具有很高精度.结果表明,该测量分析方法对植物油品质检测具有重要指导意义. 关键词： 太赫兹时域谱 玉米油 光学参数 吸收系数     

图像采集系统特性参数的测试与评价

本文介绍了一种用于测量的高性能、高精度图像采集与处理系统的基本构成，以及为保证测量精度而对ＣＣＤ摄像机进行的改造。讨论了图像采集系统的主要时域特性参数，包括平均暗输出、暗输出不均匀性、暗噪声、动态范围、光电响应不均匀性、光电响应线性度、信噪比等。阐述了以上特性参数的定义和测试评价方法。给出了被测系统的特性参数。同时给出了噪声分布直方图和线性响应曲线。     

基于半解析递归卷积的通用色散介质FDTD方法

基于数字信号处理中的半解析递归卷积（SARC）算法,提出了一种用于色散介质电磁特性分析的半解析递归卷积时域有限差分方法（SARC FDTD）. 该方法既保持了FDTD方法处理复杂目标的灵活性,又吸取了线性系统SARC算法的绝对稳定性和高精度、低内存、高效率等优点,只需给出色散介质模型的极点和对应系数,即可运用SARC FDTD递推公式和通用程序进行计算,具有较好的通用性. 通过Debye,Drude和Lorentz三种常用色散介质模型对算法进行了验证. 关键词： 时域有限差分 色散介质 半解析递归卷积     

基于声传播算子的声源定位实验模拟方法研究

声传播算子是一种高效的时域声场计算方法,它能够很方便地计算出给定系统参数下任意时刻任意位置的声场变化情况,本文采用这种方法计算所得的二维房间声场信息进行传声器阵列的声源定位仿真实验。计算结果表明,用该方法获取的阵列数据能有效地应用于阵列信号处理算法中,准确地估计出初始高斯脉冲声源的方向。声传播算子声场计算方法能为传声器阵列声源定位的实验提供方便,使得传声器阵列声源定位算法在不同混响时间的鲁棒性实验研究变得更加简捷。     

Stochastic excitation and Hadamard correlation spectroscopy with bandwidth extension in RF FT-EPR

The application of correlation spectroscopy employing stochastic excitation and the Hadamard transform to time-domain Fourier transform electron paramagnetic resonance (FT-EPR) spectroscopy in the radiofrequency (RF) band is described. An existing, time-domain FT-EPR spectrometer system with a Larmor frequency (L(f)) of 300 MHz was used to develop this technique by incorporating a pseudo-random pulse sequence generator to output the maximum length binary sequence (MLBS, 10- and 11-bit). Software developed to control the EPR system setup, acquire the signals, and post process the data, is outlined. The software incorporates the Hadamard transform algorithm to perform the required cross-correlation of the acquired signal and the MLBS after stochastic excitation. To accommodate the EPR signals, bandwidth extension was accomplished by sampling at a rate many times faster than the RF pulse repetition rate, and subsequent digital signal processing of the data. The results of these experiments showed that there was a decrease in the total acquisition time, and an improved free induction decay (FID) signal-to-noise (S/N) ratio compared to the conventional coherent averaging approach. These techniques have the potential to reduce the RF pulse power to the levels used in continuous wave (CW) EPR while retaining the advantage of time-domain EPR methods. These methods have the potential to facilitate the progression to in vivo FT-EPR imaging of larger volumes.     

USING THE CROSS-CORRELATION TECHNIQUE TO EXTRACT MODAL PARAMETERS ON RESPONSE-ONLY DATA

Modal parameter identification is used to identify those parameters of the model which describe the dynamic properties of a vibration system. Classical modal parameter extractions usually require measurements of both the input force and the resulting response in laboratory conditions. However, when large-scale operational structures are subjected to random and unmeasured forces such as wind, waves, or aerodynamics, modal parameters estimation must base itself on response-only data. Over the past years, many time-domain modal parameter identification techniques from output-only have been proposed. Among them, the natural excitation technique (NExT) has been a very powerful tool for the modal analysis of structures excited in operating environment. This issue reviews the theoretical development of natural excitation technique (NExT), which uses the cross-correlation functions of measured responses coupling with conventional time-domain parameter extraction under the assumption of white-noise random inputs. Then a frequency-domain poly reference modal identification scheme by coupling the cross-correlation technique with conventional frequency-domain poly reference modal parameter extraction is presented. It uses cross-power spectral density functions instead of frequency response functions and auto- and cross-correlation functions instead of impulse response functions to estimate modal parameters from response-only data. An experiment using an airplane model is performed to investigate the effectiveness of the cross-correlation technique coupled with frequency-domain poly reference modal identification scheme.     

Frequency response of 1D dispersive sea surface by the ADE-FDTD algorithm

The frequency response of a one-dimensional (1D) sea surface was investigated using the finite-difference time-domain (FDTD) algorithm with pulsed wave excitation. Where the sea water is regarded as an isotropic and dispersive medium, it satisfies the single-pole Debye model. The auxiliary differential equation (ADE) technique is incorporated into the FDTD scheme to deal with the dispersive sea surface. To ensure the feasibility of our present method, the frequency response of dispersive sea surface by the ADE-FDTD method is compared with the result by the conventional method of moments (MOM), which requires an individual calculation for every frequency point of interest. Finally, the scattering characteristic of dispersive sea water is investigated for different wind speed, temperature, and salinity. The representative far zone scattered field versus time is also analyzed.     

Time-domain quantification of multiple-quantum-filtered (23)Na signal using continuous wavelet transform analysis

The application of continuous wavelet transform (CWT) analysis technique is presented to analyze multiple-quantum-filtered (MQF) (23)Na magnetic resonance spectroscopy (MRS) data. CWT acts on the free-induction-decay (FID) signal as a time-frequency variable filter. The signal-to-noise ratio (SNR) and frequency resolution of the output filter are locally increased. As a result, MQF equilibrium longitudinal magnetization and the apparent fast and slow transverse relaxation times are accurately estimated. A developed iterative algorithm based on frequency signal detection and components extraction, already proposed, was used to estimate the values of the signal parameters by analyzing simulated time-domain MQF signals and data from an agarose gel. The results obtained were compared to those obtained by measurement of signal height in frequency domain as a function of MQF preparation time and those obtained by a simple time-domain curve fitting. The comparison indicates that the CWT approach provides better results than the other tested methods that are generally used for MQF (23)Na MRS data analysis, especially when the SNR is low. The mean error on the estimated values of the amplitude signal and the apparent fast and slow transverse relaxation times for the simulated data were 2.19, 6. 63, and 16.17% for CWT, signal height in frequency domain, and time-domain curve fitting methods, respectively. Another major advantage of the proposed technique is that it allows quantification of MQF (23)Na signal from a single FID and, thus, reduces the experiment time dramatically.     

An efficient multi-domain spectral algorithm for the simulation of dispersive metallic structures in the time domain

In this article, we present a multi-domain formulation of the spectral time domain algorithm for the simulation of dispersive materials. We propose a leap-frog time-stepping scheme similar to the finite-difference time domain method in order to minimize memory usage. Dispersive material behavior is modelled in the frequency domain and used in our time-domain algorithm by introducing auxiliary differential equations for the macroscopic polarization. Absorbing boundary conditions are presented that can be used with dispersive materials. The numerical investigation of structures with material parameters fitted to experimental data shows excellent agreement with theoretical calculations.     

Time-Domain Quantification of Multiple-Quantum-Filtered Na Signal Using Continuous Wavelet Transform Analysis

The application of continuous wavelet transform (CWT) analysis technique is presented to analyze multiple-quantum-filtered (MQF) ²³Na magnetic resonance spectroscopy (MRS) data. CWT acts on the free-induction-decay (FID) signal as a time-frequency variable filter. The signal-to-noise ratio (SNR) and frequency resolution of the output filter are locally increased. As a result, MQF equilibrium longitudinal magnetization and the apparent fast and slow transverse relaxation times are accurately estimated. A developed iterative algorithm based on frequency signal detection and components extraction, already proposed, was used to estimate the values of the signal parameters by analyzing simulated time-domain MQF signals and data from an agarose gel. The results obtained were compared to those obtained by measurement of signal height in frequency domain as a function of MQF preparation time and those obtained by a simple time-domain curve fitting. The comparison indicates that the CWT approach provides better results than the other tested methods that are generally used for MQF ²³Na MRS data analysis, especially when the SNR is low. The mean error on the estimated values of the amplitude signal and the apparent fast and slow transverse relaxation times for the simulated data were 2.19, 6.63, and 16.17% for CWT, signal height in frequency domain, and time-domain curve fitting methods, respectively. Another major advantage of the proposed technique is that it allows quantification of MQF ²³Na signal from a single FID and, thus, reduces the experiment time dramatically.     

基于光脉冲诱导快相与弛豫荧光的光合作用参数测量技术

为了更准确获取反映植物生理状态的荧光动力学曲线,基于光合作用电子传递过程研究了植物光合作用参数测量技术.采用可变光脉冲技术将植物光合作用过程分段为快相与弛豫过程,并测量激发光诱导产生的荧光动力学曲线.对激发光带宽与响应时间进行了定量分析;对I-V转换单元与MFB滤波器进行了设计与仿真分析,获取快相荧光动力学信息;采用同步脉冲采样积分技术,对微弱弛豫荧光进行积分,实现了快相与弛豫荧光动力学曲线的完整测量,并结合非线性拟合算法获取光合作用参数.测试结果表明,系统信噪比达到23.8 dB;暗适应与光适应下,本系统所测Fv/Fm与Water-PAM测量结果的线性相关系数分别达到0.980和0.997.该研究结果为植物光合作用研究及过程参数测量提供了一种测量手段.     

Performance of time- and frequency-domain binaural beamformers based on recorded signals from real rooms

Extraction of a target sound source amidst multiple interfering sound sources is difficult when there are fewer sensors than sources, as is the case for human listeners in the classic cocktail-party situation. This study compares the signal extraction performance of five algorithms using recordings of speech sources made with three different two-microphone arrays in three rooms of varying reverberation time. Test signals, consisting of two to five speech sources, were constructed for each room and array. The signals were processed with each algorithm, and the signal extraction performance was quantified by calculating the signal-to-noise ratio of the output. A frequency-domain minimum-variance distortionless-response beamformer outperformed the time-domain based Frost beamformer and generalized sidelobe canceler for all tests with two or more interfering sound sources, and performed comparably or better than the time-domain algorithms for tests with one interfering sound source. The frequency-domain minimum-variance algorithm offered performance comparable to that of the Peissig-Kollmeier binaural frequency-domain algorithm, but with much less distortion of the target signal. Comparisons were also made to a simple beamformer. In addition, computer simulations illustrate that, when processing speech signals, the chosen implementation of the frequency-domain minimum-variance technique adapts more quickly and accurately than time-domain techniques.     

Infrared dipole antenna enhanced by surface phonon polaritons

In this Letter, we propose a gold dipole antenna formed on a SiC substrate to achieve a strong concentration of mid-IR radiation based on a synergistic integration of the IR dipole antenna and the resonance excitation of a surface phonon polariton. Numerical simulation based on the finite-difference time-domain technique shows that the intensity enhancement can be greater than 10(7) times at the mid-IR spectral region. The influence of the geometric parameters (i.e., antenna length, gap dimension, antenna thickness, and antenna width) on the antenna field enhancement is also studied. The strong intensity enhancement can find important applications in highly sensitive mid-IR photodetectors and in molecular detection and identification by surface-enhanced IR absorption spectroscopy techniques.