A note on exact travelling wave solutions for the modified Camassa-Holm and Degasperis-Procesi equations

Exact solutions for the modified Camassa-Holm and Degasperis-Procesi equations by Liu et al. (2010) [Y.F. Liu, X.Y. Zhu, J.X. He, Factorization technique and new exact solutions for the modified Camassa-Holm and Degasperis-Procesi equations, Appl. Math. Comput. 217 (2010) 1658-1665] are investigated. Liu et al. has used the factorization technique to reduce the modified Camassa-Holm and Degasperis-Procesi equations to first-order ordinary differential equations, and then derived some exact travelling wave solutions by direct integral method. In this note, we will explain that the implementation of the so-called factorization technique is completely unnecessary. Moreover, based on the method of complete discrimination system for polynomial, we shall demonstrate that the general explicit exact solution and its classification for the above two types of equations can be obtained directly and many exact solutions by Liu et al. are our special cases. Besides, some known results in previously relevant literatures are extended and some simple remarks are also made.     

Global stability of viscous contact wave for 1-D compressible Navier–Stokes equations

The viscous contact waves for one-dimensional compressible Navier–Stokes equations has recently been shown to be asymptotically stable. The stability results are called local stability or global stability depending on whether the norms of initial perturbations are small or not. Up to now, local stability results toward viscous contact waves of compressible Navier–Stokes equations have been well established (see Huang et al., 2006, 2008, 2009 [9], [10], [7]), but there are few results for the global stability in the case of Cauchy problem which is the purpose of this paper. The proof is based on an elementary energy method using an inequality concerning the heat kernel (see Lemma 1 of Huang et al., 2010 [7]).     

Approximation theorems for total quasi-?-asymptotically nonexpansive mappings with applications

The purpose of this article is to prove some approximation theorems of common fixed points for countable families of total quasi-?-asymptotically nonexpansive mappings which contain several kinds of mappings as its special cases in Banach spaces. In order to get the approximation theorems, the hybrid algorithms are presented and are used to approximate the common fixed points. Using this result, we also discuss the problem of strong convergence concerning the maximal monotone operators in a Banach space. The results of this article extend and improve the results of Matsushita and Takahashi [S. Matsushita, W. Takahashi, A strong convergence theorem for relatively nonexpansive mappings in Banach spaces, J. Approx. Theor. 134 (2005) 257-266], Plubtieng and Ungchittrakool [S. Plubtieng, K. Ungchittrakool, Hybrid iterative methods for convex feasibility problems and fixed point problems of relatively nonexpansive mappings in Banach spaces, J. Approx. Theor. 149 (2007) 103-115], Li, Su [H. Y. Li, Y. F. Su, Strong convergence theorems by a new hybrid for equilibrium problems and variational inequality problems, Nonlinear Anal. 72(2) (2010) 847-855], Su, Xu and Zhang [Y.F. Su, H.K. Xu, X. Zhang, Strong convergence theorems for two countable families of weak relatively nonexpansive mappings and applications, Nonlinear Anal. 73 (2010) 3890-3960], Wang et al. [Z.M. Wang, Y.F. Su, D.X. Wang, Y.C. Dong, A modified Halpern-type iteration algorithm for a family of hemi-relative nonexpansive mappings and systems of equilibrium problems in Banach spaces, J. Comput. Appl. Math. 235 (2011) 2364-2371], Chang et al. [S.S. Chang, H.W. Joseph Lee, Chi Kin Chan, A new hybrid method for solving a generalized equilibrium problem solving a variational inequality problem and obtaining common fixed points in Banach spaces with applications, Nonlinear Anal. 73 (2010) 2260-2270], Chang et al. [S.S. Chang, C.K. Chan, H.W. Joseph Lee, Modified block iterative algorithm for quasi-?-asymptotically nonexpansive mappings and equilibrium problem in Banach spaces, Appl. Math. Comput. 217 (2011) 7520-7530], Ofoedu and Malonza [E.U. Ofoedu, D.M. Malonza, Hybrid approximation of solutions of nonlinear operator equations and application to equation of Hammerstein-type, Appl. Math. Comput. 217 (2011) 6019-6030] and Yao et al. [Y.H. Yao, Y.C. Liou, S.M. Kang, Strong convergence of an iterative algorithm on an infinite countable family of nonexpansive mappings, Appl. Math. Comput. 208 (2009) 211-218].     

Numerical analysis for stochastic age-dependent population equations with Poisson jump and phase semi-Markovian switching

In this paper, we shall examine the convergence of semi-implicit Euler approximation for stochastic age-dependent population equations with Poisson jump and phase semi-Markovian switching. Here, the main ideas from the papers Ronghua et al. (2009) [2] and Wang and Wang (2010) [3] are successfully developed to the more general cases. Finally, a numerical example is provided to illustrate the theoretical result of convergence.     

Equations with infinite delay: Blending the abstract and the concrete

Using perturbation theory for adjoint semigroups (a modification of sun-star calculus) we prove, in the case of infinite delay, the principle of linearized stability for nonlinear renewal equations, delay-differential equations and coupled systems of these two types of equations. Our results extend those of Diekmann et al. (1995) [13] and Diekmann et al. (2007) [14] to the case of infinite delay.     

On the convexity for the expected total cost per unit time of the EPQ model with scrap,rework and stochastic machine breakdown

This study explores the economic production quantity model with scrap, rework and stochastic machine breakdown. The main purpose of this paper is twofold:(P1) This paper will adopt the rigorous methods of mathematics to demonstrate that the expected total cost per unit time is convex on all positive numbers to improve the conditional convexity in Theorem 1 of Chiu et al. (2010) [7].(P2) This paper gives the concrete proof to provide bounds for the optimal production run time to remove the logical shortcomings of mathematics presented in proof of Theorem 2 of Chiu et al. (2010) [7].     

Common fixed point results for two new classes of hybrid pairs in symmetric spaces

Some common fixed point theorems due to Abbas and Khan [M. Abbas, A.R. Khan, Common fixed points of generalized contractive hybrid pairs in symmetric spaces, Fixed Point Theor. Appl. 2009 (2009) 11, Article ID 869407, doi:10.1155/2009/869407], and Abbas and Rhoades [M. Abbas, B.E. Rhoades, Common fixed point theorems for hybrid pairs of occasionally weakly compatible mappings defined on symmetric spaces, Pan. Amer. Math. J. 18 (1) (2008) 55-62] are proved for two new classes of hybrid pair of mappings which contain occasionally weakly compatible hybrid pairs as a proper subclass. Consequently, some results proved by Hussain et al. [N. Hussain, M.A. Khamsi, A. Latif, Common fixed points for JH-operators and occasionally weakly biased pairs under relaxed conditions, Nonlinear Anal. 74 (2011) 2133-2140], Bhatt et al. [A. Bhatt, et al., Common fixed point theorems for occasionally weakly compatible mappings under relaxed conditions, Nonlinear Anal. 73 (2010) 176-182] and many others are extended to hybrid pair of mappings. Examples are also presented to support the concepts defined in the paper.     

多变量Fuzzy关系方程组及其不等式组的解

G．M．Trojan等（1987年）讨论了多变量Fuzzy关系方程组与Fuzzy关系不等式组的解．本文首先指出文[1]中有一个关键结果是错误的，然后在文[1]的基础上对多变量Fuzzy关系方程组与Fuzzy关系不等式组的解作进一步讨论，我们把这类方程组的求解问题完全转化成了相应的单变量方程的求解问题，最后讨论了解之间的一些关系．     

Strong convergence theorems for countable families of asymptotically relatively nonexpansive mappings with applications

The purpose of this paper is by using the hybrid iterative method to prove some strong convergence theorems for approximating a common element of the set of solutions to a system of generalized mixed equilibrium problems and the set of common fixed points for two countable families of closed and asymptotically relatively nonexpansive mappings in Banach space. The results presented in the paper improve and extend the corresponding results of Su et al. [Y.F. Su, H.K. Xu, X. Zhang, Strong convergence theorems for two countable families of weak relatively nonexpansive mappings and applications, Nonlinear Anal. 73 (2010) 3890-3906], Li and Su [H.Y. Li, Y.F. Su, Strong convergence theorems by a new hybrid for equilibrium problems and variational inequality problems, Nonlinear Anal. 72 (2) (2010) 847-855], Chang et al. [S.S. Chang, H.W. Joseph Lee, Chi Kin Chan, A new hybrid method for solving a generalized equilibrium problem solving a variational inequality problem and obtaining common fixed points in Banach spaces with applications, Nonlinear Anal. TMA 73 (2010) 2260-2270], Kang et al. [J. Kang, Y. Su, X. Zhang, Hybrid algorithm for fixed points of weak relatively nonexpansive mappings and applications, Nonlinear Anal. HS 4 (4) (2010) 755-765], Matsushita and Takahashi [S. Matsushita, W. Takahashi, A strong convergence theorem for relatively nonexpansive mappings in Banach spaces, J. Approx. Theory 134 (2005) 257-266], Tan et al. [J.F. Tan, S.S. Chang, M. Liu, J.I. Liu, Strong convergence theorems of a hybrid projection algorithm for a family of quasi-?-asymptotically nonexpansive mappings, Opuscula Math. 30 (3) (2010) 341-348], Takahashia and Zembayashi [W. Takahashi, K. Zembayashi, Strong and weak convergence theorems for equilibrium problems and relatively nonexpansive mappings in Banach spaces, Nonlinear Anal. 70 (2009) 45-57] and Wattanawitoon and Kumam [K. Wattanawitoon, P. Kumam, Strong convergence theorems by a new hybrid projection algorithm for fixed point problem and equilibrium problems of two relatively quasi-nonexpansive mappings, Nonlinear Anal. Hybrid Systems 3 (2009) 11-20] and others.     

The optimal evolution of the free energy of interacting gases and its applications

We establish an inequality for the relative total – internal, potential and interactive – energy of two arbitrary probability densities, their Wasserstein distance, their barycenters and their generalized relative Fisher information. This inequality leads to many known and powerful geometric inequalities, as well as to a remarkable correspondence between ground state solutions of certain quasilinear (or semi-linear) equations and stationary solutions of (non-linear) Fokker–Planck type equations. It also yields the HWBI inequalities – which extend the HWI inequalities in Otto and Villani [J. Funct. Anal. 173 (2) (2000) 361–400], and in Carrillo et al. [Rev. Math. Iberoamericana (2003)], with the additional ‘B’ referring to the new barycentric term – from which most known Gaussian inequalities can be derived. To cite this article: M. Agueh et al., C. R. Acad. Sci. Paris, Ser. I 337 (2003).     

Notes on generalization of the Bernoulli type polynomials

Recently, Srivastava et al. introduced a new generalization of the Bernoulli, Euler and Genocchi polynomials (see [H.M. Srivastava, M. Garg, S. Choudhary, Russian J. Math. Phys. 17 (2010) 251-261] and [H.M. Srivastava, M. Garg, S. Choudhary, Taiwanese J. Math. 15 (2011) 283-305]). They established several interesting properties of these general polynomials, the generalized Hurwitz-Lerch zeta functions and also in series involving the familiar Gaussian hypergeometric function. By the same motivation of Srivastava’s et al. [11] and [12], we introduce and derive multiplication formula and some identities related to the generalized Bernoulli type polynomials of higher order associated with positive real parameters a, b and c. We also establish multiple alternating sums in terms of these polynomials. Moreover, by differentiating the generating function of these polynomials, we give a interpolation function of these polynomials.     

具$w_0$-距离度量空间中$p$-逼近$\alpha$-$\eta$-$\beta$-拟压缩的最佳逼近点定理

本文提出了一类称为$p$-逼近$\alpha$-$\eta$-$\beta$-拟压缩的新的非自映射,并引进了关于$\eta$的$\alpha$-逼近可容许映射和关于$\eta$的$(\alpha,d)$正则映射的概念.基于这些新概念,在$w_0$-距离度量空间中研究了此类新压缩最佳逼近点的存在唯一性,并给出了一个新的定理,推广和补充了文[Ayari, M. I. et al. Fixed Point Theory Appl., 2017, 2017: 16]和[Ayari, M. I. et al. Fixed Point Theory Appl., 2019, 2019: 7]中的结果.给出了一个例子来说明主要结果的有效性.进一步地,作为推论得到关于两个映射的最佳逼近点和公共不动点定理.作为其中一个推论的应用,讨论了一类Volterra型积分方程组的求解问题.     

Extending the applicability of the Gauss–Newton method under average Lipschitz–type conditions

We extend the applicability of the Gauss–Newton method for solving singular systems of equations under the notions of average Lipschitz–type conditions introduced recently in Li et al. (J Complex 26(3):268–295, 2010). Using our idea of recurrent functions, we provide a tighter local as well as semilocal convergence analysis for the Gauss–Newton method than in Li et al. (J Complex 26(3):268–295, 2010) who recently extended and improved earlier results (Hu et al. J Comput Appl Math 219:110–122, 2008; Li et al. Comput Math Appl 47:1057–1067, 2004; Wang Math Comput 68(255):169–186, 1999). We also note that our results are obtained under weaker or the same hypotheses as in Li et al. (J Complex 26(3):268–295, 2010). Applications to some special cases of Kantorovich–type conditions are also provided in this study.     

Notes on Chern��s Affine Bernstein Conjecture

There were two famous conjectures on complete affine maximal surfaces, one due to Calabi, the other to Chern. Both were solved with different methods about one decade ago by studying the associated Euler-Lagrange equation. Here we survey recent developments and techniques in the study of certain Monge-Ampère equations associated with Chern??s Affine Bernstein Conjecture, in particular two of its proofs in our recent monograph (Li et?al. in Affine Bernstein problems and Monge-Ampère equations, 2010). In addition, we add some details of the proofs of auxiliary material that were omitted in (Li et?al. in Affine Bernstein problems and Monge-Ampère equations, 2010). The related background information is provided in the Introduction.     

Martingale solutions and Markov selection of stochastic 3D Navier-Stokes equations with jump

In this paper, we study the existence of martingale solutions of stochastic 3D Navier-Stokes equations with jump, and following Flandoli and Romito (2008) [7] and Goldys et al. (2009) [8], we prove the existence of Markov selections for the martingale solutions.     

On recent developments in the theory of abstract differential equations with fractional derivatives

This note is motivated from some recent papers treating the problem of the existence of a solution for abstract differential equations with fractional derivatives. We show that the existence results in [Agarwal et al. (2009) [1], Belmekki and Benchohra (2010) [2], Darwish et al. (2009) [3], Hu et al. (2009) [4], Mophou and N’Guérékata (2009) [6] and [7], Mophou (2010) [8] and [9], Muslim (2009) [10], Pandey et al. (2009) [11], Rashid and El-Qaderi (2009) [12] and Tai and Wang (2009) [13]] are incorrect since the considered variation of constant formulas is not appropriate. In this note, we also consider a different approach to treat a general class of abstract fractional differential equations.     

Comment on: Multi soliton solution,rational solution of the Boussinesq–Burgers equations

We demonstrate that all “new” exact solutions of the Boussinesq-Burgers equations by Rady et al. [Rady ASA, Osman ES, Khalfallah M. Communications in Nonlinear Science and Numerical Simulation; 2009. doi:10.10016/j.cnsns.2009.05.053] are well known and were obtained many years ago.     

Hardy spaces for the conjugated Beltrami equation in a doubly connected domain

We consider Hardy spaces associated to the conjugated Beltrami equation on doubly connected planar domains. There are two main differences with previous studies (Baratchart et al., 2010 [2]). First, while the simple connectivity plays an important role in Baratchart et al. (2010) [2], the multiple connectivity of the domain leads to unexpected difficulties. In particular, we make strong use of a suitable parametrization of an analytic function in a ring by its real part on one part of the boundary and by its imaginary part on the other. Then, we allow the coefficient in the conjugated Beltrami equation to belong to W1,q for some q∈(2,+∞], while it was supposed to be Lipschitz in Baratchart et al. (2010) [2]. We define Hardy spaces associated with the conjugated Beltrami equation and solve the corresponding Dirichlet problem. The same problems for generalized analytic function are also solved.