355 nm Nd:YAG激光在H2中的高效一级斯托克斯转换

对脉冲Nd:YAG激光(355 nm)在H2和H2:He-Ar混合气体中的受激拉曼散射(SRS)进行了研究.在0.5 MPa的氢气中,同时测量到从二级反斯托克斯到三级斯托克斯的多波长输出,其总转化效率达88%;而高压下只剩下一级和二级斯托克斯输出,其中二级斯托克斯最大能量转化效率达44%(对应量子效率为63%).由于高级斯托克斯的竞争,纯氢气中一级斯托克斯的最大能量转换效率不超过43%.通过向3 MPa氢气中掺入2 MPaAr气后,很好地抑制了二级斯托克斯的产生,从而获得了能量转换效率高达71%(对应量子效率为83%)的一级斯托克斯输出.对四波混频和级联受激拉曼散射在氢气多级斯托克斯产生中的作用以及惰性气体对它们的影响进行了讨论.     

低能（e,2e）反应中的卢瑟福散射效应

以入射能量为６４．６ｅＶ、能量均分、共面不对称几何条件下Ｈｅ原子电子碰撞电离过程为例,分析低能（ｅ,２ｅ）反应中的碰撞机制、交换效应和卢瑟福散射效应,揭示了两种新的碰撞机制（ＤＢ碰撞和ＴＢ碰撞）的物理实质。     

Discussion on the dissociation of fast HD+2 ions traversing thin foils

the discussion is on the following experimental results: The energy distribution of the H+ and D+ fragments resulting from the dissociation of HD+2 molecular ions at energy 1.497 7 MeV has been measured using the Coulomb explosion technique. The spectra were used to determine the binding energy of HD+2 and its structure. There existed differences between the spectral structures for proton and for deuteron.     

Discussion on the dissociation of fast HD^＋2 ions traversing thin foils

the discussion is on the following experimental results:The energy distribution of the H^ and D^ fragments resulting from the dissociation of HD^ 2 molecular ions at energy 1.4977 MeV has been measured using the Coulomb explosion techoique,The spectra were used to determing the binding energy of HD^ 2 and its structure,There existed differenoes between the spectral structures for proton and for deuteron.     

Vibrationally inelastic scattering of high- n Rydberg H atoms from N2 and O2

The vibrationally inelastic scattering of Rydberg H atoms (n = 30-50) from N2 and O2 at E(coll) = 1.84 eV was studied as a function of laboratory deflection angle. On average, 4 times more vibrational excitation was observed in collisions with O2 than with N2. Vibrational excitation of O2 results largely from collisions in which an electron is briefly transferred from O2 to the proton core, while the Rydberg electron remains a spectator. This provides further evidence that the free electron model applies to low energy collisions involving the ionic core leading to substantial momentum transfer.     

高激发振动态RbH（Х1Σ+,ν″=15～22）与H2,N2的振动-振动碰撞能量转移

脉冲激光激发Rb原子至6 D态,Rb(6 D)与H2反应生成RbH(Х1Σ+,ν″=0～2)振动态。研究了RbH(Х1Σ+)高位振动态与H2,N2间的碰撞弛豫过程,利用泛频泵浦分别激发Х1Σ+(ν″=0)至Х1Σ+(ν″=15～22)各振动态,检测激光激发Х1Σ+(ν″)至A1Σ+(ν′),测量A1Σ+(ν′)的时间分辨激光感应荧光光谱,利用Stern-Volmer方程,得到振动能级ν″的总的弛豫速率系数kν(H2)。在H2和N2的混合气体中,总弛豫速率系数kν(H2+N2)与α(H2的摩尔配比)成直线的关系,其斜率为kν(H2)-kν(N2),而截距为kν(N2)。对于ν″<18主要发生单量子弛豫(Δν=1)过程,kν(H2)和kν(N2)与振动量子数ν″均成线性增加关系。对于ν″≥18,多量子弛豫(Δν≥2)过程及共振振动-振动转移起重要作用。对于RbH(ν″=21)+N2(0),测量ν″=16的布居数时间演化轮廓,在20μs内有一个锐锋,在100～200μs内有一个较低的宽峰,锐锋相应于RbH(ν″=21)+N2(0)→RbH(ν″=16)+N2(1)的共振转移过程,而宽峰是由相继的单量子过程产生的。     

Cs(6D_J)+(H_2,H_e)的反应与非反应碰撞能量转移

在样品池条件下,利用原子荧光光谱方法,测量了Cs(6DJ)与H2,He碰撞中的反应与非反应能量转移截面.利用脉冲激光886nm线双光子激发Cs(6S)到Cs(6D3/2)态,原子荧光中除含有6D3/2→6P的直接荧光外,还含有6D5/2→6P的转移荧光.利用三能级模型的速率方程分析,在不同的He和H2密度下,分别测垦直接荧光与转移荧光的时间积分荧光强度比,得到了6D3/2与H2和He碰撞的精细结构转移截面分别为σ=(55±13)×10-16和(16±4)×10-16 cm2,同时确定了6D5/2与H2和He的碰撞猝灭速率系数.6D5/2态与H2的碰撞猝灭速率系数比6D5/2与He的大,它是反应与非反应速率系数之和,利用实验数据确定非反应速率系数为6.3×10-10 cm3·s-1,得到6D5/2与H2的反应截面为(2.0±0.8)×10-16 cm2.利用不同H2(或He)密度下6D5/2→6P3/2时间积分荧光强度,得到6D3/2与H2反应截面为(4.0±1.6)×10-16 cm2,6D3/2与H2反应的活性大于6D5/2.     

Quantum stereodynamics study for the reaction F + HD

This paper studies the quantum stereodynamics of the F + HD(υ = 0, j = 0) → HD + F/HF + D reaction at the collision energies of 0.52 and 0.87~kcal/mol. The quantum scattering calculations, based on Stark-Werner potential energy surfaces, show that the differential cross sections for the HF(υ' = 2) + D and DF(υ' = 3) + H channels are consistent with the recent theoretical results. Furthermore, the product rotational angular momentum orientation and alignment have been determined for some selected rovibrational states of the HF + D and DF + H channels.     

Search for anomalous scattering of keV neutrons from H2O-D2O mixtures

We measured the neutron scattering intensities from pure liquid H2O relative to that of pure D2O and also relative to H2O-D2O mixtures, at room temperature. This study is relevant to the problem of quantum entanglement. The neutrons were generated from an electron Linac and the final energy of the scattered neutrons was fixed at 24.3 keV using a 20 cm thick pure iron filter. The scattering intensity ratios were found to agree with expected values deduced from the tabulated total cross sections within an accuracy of 3%. Thus no anomaly was observed.     

Hydrogen analysis in diamond like carbon by elastic recoil detection

Among the available surface analytic instruments, elastic recoil detection (ERD) is known as a reliable method for hydrogen analysis. Since conventional fluence determination i.e. beam current integration is incredible at a large tilt angle, ion fluence is determined by the scattering spectrum that is simultaneously measured with recoil spectrum. However scattering cross sections deviate Rutherford values in the ERD energy of 1–3 MeV. Carbon scattering cross section is different from Rutherford value for higher beam energies over 1.8 MeV. As a result hydrogen content is exaggerated when fluence is determined by carbon matrix because of fluence underestimation due to lower value of scattering cross section than Rutherford’s. Therefore in order to quantify hydrogen in diamond like carbon (DLC) incident beam energy lower than 1.6 MeV should be used where carbon scattering cross sections are well agreed with Rutherford’s.     

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采用分子动力学方法模拟200eV的CH3粒子轰击到不同基底温度的钨样品上,分析了C、H原子在钨表面的沉积、散射及溅射情况,结果表明C、H原子的沉降量均随入射剂量的增加而增加。在基底温度为100K时,相同入射剂量下沉积的C原子最多,而当基底温度为1200K,在入射剂量大于1.5X1016cm-2时,C原子的沉降量小于其它基底温度下的C的沉降量。CH3在轰击样品时发生了分解,各种分解情况随基底温度变化较小,其中不同基底温度下一级分解率在40%上下波动,二级分解在23%左右,而完全分解的CH3在9%左右。C、H原子的散射角主要分布在5°~85°间,散射C原子分布的最大值分布在40%~50°或50°~60°间,散射C原子分布的最小值分布在0°~10°或80°~90°间;而不同基底温度下散射H原子分布的最大值均在40°~50°间,最小值均在0°~10°间。散射C原子的能量在0~140eV之间,散射能量为0~120eV的C原子占散射总量的98%以上,散射C原子平均能量随基底温度的增加而增加,其变化从65.5eV增加到68.5eV;散射H原子的能量也在0~140eV之间,但大约70%的散射H原子能量在40eV以内,散射平均能量随基底温度的增加而减小,其变化从13.92eV减小到13.05eV。     

0.5 eV时H++D2(v=0,j=0) 反应的微分、积分截面

基于ab initio势能面(KBNN PES)[1],用耦合通道超球坐标理论研究了碰撞能等于0.5 eV时H D2(v=0,j=0)的积分,微分截面.对于反应性碰撞,计算的积分截面表明由于深势阱的存在使得这一绝热反应产物的分布表现出一种近似的统计行为.计算的微分截面反映该体系存在着长寿命的中间络合物;对于非反应性碰撞(传能过程),平动—平动传能过程更有效,且其积分截面随着转动量子数的增大而显著减少.通过反应性碰撞和非反应性碰撞积分截面的比较,发现在低能碰撞情况,非反应性碰撞更容易进行.     

Localized Surface Plasmon Resonance of Cu@Cu2O core-shell nanoparticles: Absorption, Scattering and Luminescence

By co-deposition via RF-Sputtering and RF-PECVD methods and using Cu target and acetylene gas, we prepared Cu@Cu₂O core-shell nanoparticles on the a-C:H thin film at room temperature. Mie absorption of Cu cores, scattering from Cu₂O shell and luminescence that rises from carrier transfer in Cu@Cu₂O interface were employed to fit the whole range of visible extinction spectrum of these core-shells. From simulation it was found that scattering and luminescence have an important effect on the energy, width and shape of LSPR absorption peak. Shift of LSPR peak is more affected by the dielectric coefficient of shell than Cu core size particularly for Cu core diameter above 4 nm. Also, the LSPR absorption peak is damped by decreasing Cu core size and dielectric coefficient of shell. The energy of LSPR absorption peak is independent of shell thickness and host dielectric coefficient. The LSPR peak is damped by increasing shell thickness and host dielectric coefficient too. The scattering contribution in extinction spectra was affected more by shell size than dielectric coefficient. These points are important for detection techniques based on LSPR peak.     

THE STUDIES OF NON-RUTHERFORD BACKSCATTERING CROSS SECTIONS OF 4He FROM 16O

In this article, we report the 170° backscattering cross sections of ⁴He from ¹⁶O in the energy range of 2.0-9.0 MeV. Our measurements show that the alpha-oxygen scattering remains Rutherford scattering up to E_α=2.35 MeV, and there exist two energy regions, namely 5.55-5.85MeV and 8.50-8.80MeV, where the cross sections are enhanced and show a smooth variation. The measured laboratory cross sections are 9.50-9.97 and 35.0-33.0 times greater than the Rutherford values, respectively. In the 8.50-8.80MeV region, the cross sections at scattering angles of 160°, 165°, 170° and 175° were measured and found to be strongly angle-dependent. A most strong resonance occurred at 7.60 MeV, where the cross section is 200 times of its Rutherford value. This resonance has been used to measure the ¹⁶O concentration on a Cu surface, with a sensitivity of 1×10¹⁵ oxygen atoms/cm², Besides, we have studied the backscattering angle dependence of the threshold energy, i.e., the energy at which the elastic cross section begins to deviate from its Rutherford value. The experimental result seems not in agreement with the prediction made from the analytical formula developed by Bozoian et al.     

The characteristics of O＋HD （v = 0, j = 0） reaction dynamics

The analytical potential energy function of HDO is constructed at first using the many-body expansion method.The reaction dynamics of O+HD(v = 0,j = 0) in five product channels are all studied by quasi-classical trajectory(QCT) method.The results show that the long-lived complex compound HDO is the dominant product at low collision energy.With increasing collision energy,O+HD → OH+D and O+HD → OD+H exchange reactions will occur with remarkable characteristics,such as near threshold energies,different reaction probabilities,and different reaction cross sections,implying the isotopic effect between H and D.With further increasing collision energy(e.g.,up to 502.08 kJ/mol),O+HD → O+H+D will occur and induce the complete dissociation into single O,H,and D atoms.     

Observation of predicted resonance structure in the H+D2 --> HD(v(') = 0, j(') = 7) + D reaction at a collision energy of 0.94 eV

We present experimental verification of predicted resonance structure in the energy dependence of the H+D2 reaction. Specifically we predict and observe a broad resonance in the H+D2-->HD(v(') = 0,j(') = 7)+D reaction at a collision energy of 0. 94 eV. This resonance structure is roughly Gaussian with a full width at half maximum of 0.1 eV. These results represent the first experimentally observed resonance structure in the fundamental H+H2 reaction system.     

Pr3+:Y2SiO5中的反斯托克斯荧光谱及其对基态Stark分裂能级的确定

掺杂在晶体Y2 SiO5(YSO)中的Pr3 ,运用脉冲激光激发 3H4 → 1 D2 跃迁 ,粒子通过非辐射能量转移从能级 1 D2 转移到能级 3P0 ,测得了对应于 3P0 → 3H4 跃迁的反斯托克斯荧光光谱 ,由此可确定 3H4 的Stark分裂能级以及 3P0 能级的能量高度。与运用激光激发 3H4 → 1 D2 跃迁 ,通过观察 1 D2 → 3H4 斯托克斯荧光光谱确定3H4 的Stark分裂能级方法相比 ,该过程避免了不同晶点位置中 (Crystallographicsite)Pr3 的 1 D2 能级间的能量转移影响 ,从而具有较高的确定性。同时 ,我们观察了反斯托克斯荧光的时间特性     

Raman spectroscopic investigation of H2, HD, and D2 physisorption on ropes of single-walled, carbon nanotubes

We have observed the S- and Q-branch Raman spectra of H2, HD, and D2 adsorbed at 85 K and pressures up to 8 atm on single-walled, carbon nanotubes (SWNT). Comparative data for H2 on graphite and C60 were also collected. Frequency-downshifted and upshifted features were observed in the Q-branch spectra of H2 on C60 and SWNT. These shifts are small and are therefore inconsistent with charge transfer. An H2-surface potential with van der Waals and electrostatic terms was developed and used to estimate the shifts in the frequency of the Q(0) transition of H2 adsorbed in two types of sites. These calculations corroborate the experimental findings and indicate physisorption in multiple sites of the SWNT ropes.     

HD2+通过超薄碳膜的"尾流"效应

快分子离子穿过固体时会产生库仑爆炸(Coulomb Explosion),尾流效应是库仑爆炸中的一个显著特性.HD2 的爆炸能谱在实测中发现了一些引人注目的特性:1)H 的尾流效应特别显著;2)H 的能谱结构非常类似HeH 中H 的能谱;3)尾流效应在D 的能谱中体现得很弱.这些特性对分析了解HD2 的结构和物理化学性质有很大的帮助.本文依照“尾流”效应(Wake Effect)的等离子体模型,将爆炸中两个D 产物的尾流场近似认为一个He 的尾流场,模拟计算了1.4977 MeV HD2在100 nm碳膜中分解后0°方向的能谱形式.给出了相同条件下的实验结果,得到了非常接近的结果,并将两者作了比较和分析.文中同时给出了D 的实验能谱,对D 的尾流效应相对较弱作了分析,指出对不同产物分辨的差异、产物的非直线运动等是造成D 尾流效应弱的原因.